molecular function |
| GO:0071889 | | 14-3-3 protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 14-3-3 protein. A 14-3-3 protein is any of a large family of approximately 30kDa acidic proteins which exist primarily as homo- and heterodimers within all eukaryotic cells, and have been implicated in the modulation of distinct biological processes by binding to specific phosphorylated sites on diverse target proteins, thereby forcing conformational changes or influencing interactions between their targets and other molecules. Each 14-3-3 protein sequence can be roughly divided into three sections: a divergent amino terminus, the conserved core region and a divergent carboxyl terminus. The conserved middle core region of the 14-3-3s encodes an amphipathic groove that forms the main functional domain, a cradle for interacting with client proteins. |
| GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| GO:0003785 | | actin monomer binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric actin, also known as G-actin. |
| GO:0004699 | | calcium-independent protein kinase C activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol but not calcium. |
| GO:0008047 | | enzyme activator activity | | Binds to and increases the activity of an enzyme. |
| GO:0019899 | | enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
| GO:0035276 | | ethanol binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ethanol, CH(3)-CH(2)-OH. |
| GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0004697 | | protein kinase C activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. This reaction requires diacylglycerol. |
| GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| GO:0004674 | | protein serine/threonine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
| GO:0030546 | | receptor activator activity | | The function of interacting (directly or indirectly) with receptors such that the proportion of receptors in the active form is increased. |
| GO:0004871 | | signal transducer activity | | Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. |
| GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
biological process |
| GO:0038096 | | Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis | | An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. |
| GO:0035669 | | TRAM-dependent toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor 4 where the TRAM adaptor mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like 4 receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bind bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to initiate an innate immune response. |
| GO:0007202 | | activation of phospholipase C activity | | The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme phospolipase C as the result of a series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand. |
| GO:0006915 | | apoptotic process | | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| GO:0007155 | | cell adhesion | | The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. |
| GO:0007049 | | cell cycle | | The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. |
| GO:0051301 | | cell division | | The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. |
| GO:0071361 | | cellular response to ethanol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus. |
| GO:0071456 | | cellular response to hypoxia | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| GO:0071380 | | cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a prostagladin E stimulus. |
| GO:0002376 | | immune system process | | Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. |
| GO:0035556 | | intracellular signal transduction | | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
| GO:0031663 | | lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system. |
| GO:0035641 | | locomotory exploration behavior | | The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment. |
| GO:0002281 | | macrophage activation involved in immune response | | A change in morphology and behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. |
| GO:0031397 | | negative regulation of protein ubiquitination | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. |
| GO:2000650 | | negative regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| GO:0018105 | | peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine. |
| GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| GO:0030168 | | platelet activation | | A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug. |
| GO:0043123 | | positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. |
| GO:0043410 | | positive regulation of MAPK cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. |
| GO:0030838 | | positive regulation of actin filament polymerization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization. |
| GO:0010811 | | positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. |
| GO:2001031 | | positive regulation of cellular glucuronidation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular glucuronidation. |
| GO:0032467 | | positive regulation of cytokinesis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. |
| GO:0010634 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration. |
| GO:0010763 | | positive regulation of fibroblast migration | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. |
| GO:0032024 | | positive regulation of insulin secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| GO:0050996 | | positive regulation of lipid catabolic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids. |
| GO:0070257 | | positive regulation of mucus secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of mucus from a cell or a tissue. |
| GO:2000273 | | positive regulation of receptor activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity. |
| GO:0032230 | | positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). |
| GO:0090303 | | positive regulation of wound healing | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| GO:0061178 | | regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose. |
| GO:0019216 | | regulation of lipid metabolic process | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids. |
| GO:0050730 | | regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| GO:0051279 | | regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| GO:0051209 | | release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | | The process in which calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria are released into the cytosolic compartment. |
| GO:0043278 | | response to morphine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a morphine stimulus. Morphine is an opioid alkaloid, isolated from opium, with a complex ring structure. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005794 | | Golgi apparatus | | A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. |
| GO:0071944 | | cell periphery | | The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0005783 | | endoplasmic reticulum | | The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005739 | | mitochondrion | | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |