4AJX - JenaLib

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

Reformat:	Number of residues per line = ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
	Number of residues per labelling interval =
	UniProt sequence: complete aligned part

Show mapping:	SCOP domains	CATH domains	Pfam domains	Secondary structure (by author)
	SAPs(SNPs)	PROSITE motifs	Exons
	(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:21
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:21
                                    99       109 
            INS_HUMAN    90 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN 110
               SCOP domains --------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhh....hhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) C-L---S----C-C----C-- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------Y-------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -----INSULIN        - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) --------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.2a  PDB: A:1-2 Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx A   1 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN  21
                                    10        20

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:29
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:29
                                    34        44         
            INS_HUMAN    25 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPK  53
               SCOP domains ----------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheee... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----D--R-DP-------G--QVCL---- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------S---------------S----- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1d  PDB: B:1-29        Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ----------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx B   1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPK  29
                                    10        20

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:21
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:21
                                    99       109 
            INS_HUMAN    90 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN 110
               SCOP domains --------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhh....hhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) C-L---S----C-C----C-- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------Y-------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -----INSULIN        - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) --------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.2a  PDB: C:1-2 Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx C   1 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN  21
                                    10        20

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:28
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:28
                                    34        44        
            INS_HUMAN    25 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTP  52
               SCOP domains ---------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eee.. Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----D--R-DP-------G--QVCL--- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------S---------------S---- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1d  PDB: D:1-28       Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx D   1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTP  28
                                    10        20

Chain E from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:21
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:21
                                    99       109 
            INS_HUMAN    90 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN 110
               SCOP domains --------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) C-L---S----C-C----C-- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------Y-------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -----INSULIN        - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) --------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.2a  PDB: E:1-2 Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx E   1 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN  21
                                    10        20

Chain F from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:28
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:28
                                    34        44        
            INS_HUMAN    25 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTP  52
               SCOP domains ---------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheee.. Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----D--R-DP-------G--QVCL--- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------S---------------S---- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1d  PDB: F:1-28       Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx F   1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTP  28
                                    10        20

Chain G from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:21
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:21
                                    99       109 
            INS_HUMAN    90 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN 110
               SCOP domains --------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) C-L---S----C-C----C-- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------Y-------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -----INSULIN        - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) --------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.2a  PDB: G:1-2 Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx G   1 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN  21
                                    10        20

Chain H from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:29
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:29
                                    34        44         
            INS_HUMAN    25 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPK  53
               SCOP domains ----------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheee... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----D--R-DP-------G--QVCL---- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------S---------------S----- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1d  PDB: H:1-29        Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ----------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx H   1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPK  29
                                    10        20

Chain I from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:21
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:21
                                    99       109 
            INS_HUMAN    90 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN 110
               SCOP domains --------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhh....hhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) C-L---S----C-C----C-- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------Y-------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -----INSULIN        - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) --------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.2a  PDB: I:1-2 Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx I   1 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN  21
                                    10        20

Chain J from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:28
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:28
                                    34        44        
            INS_HUMAN    25 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTP  52
               SCOP domains ---------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheee.. Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----D--R-DP-------G--QVCL--- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------S---------------S---- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1d  PDB: J:1-28       Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx J   1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTP  28
                                    10        20

Chain K from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:21
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:21
                                    99       109 
            INS_HUMAN    90 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN 110
               SCOP domains --------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhh..hhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) C-L---S----C-C----C-- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------Y-------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -----INSULIN        - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) --------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.2a  PDB: K:1-2 Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx K   1 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN  21
                                    10        20

Chain L from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:29
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:29
                                    34        44         
            INS_HUMAN    25 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPK  53
               SCOP domains ----------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheee... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----D--R-DP-------G--QVCL---- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------S---------------S----- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1d  PDB: L:1-29        Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ----------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 4ajx L   1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPK  29
                                    10        20

Legend:		→ Mismatch	(orange background)
	-	→ Gap	(green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
		→ Modified Residue	(blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
	x	→ Chemical Group	(purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
	extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '\|'

Classification and Annotation

SCOP Domains (0, 0)

CATH Domains (0, 0)

Pfam Domains (0, 0)

Gene Ontology (74, 74)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)

Chain A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L (INS_HUMAN | P01308)

molecular function
	GO:0005179	hormone activity	The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
	GO:0042802	identical protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
	GO:0005158	insulin receptor binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor.
	GO:0005159	insulin-like growth factor receptor binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin-like growth factor receptor.
	GO:0002020	protease binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
	GO:0006888	ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport	The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
	GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
	GO:0000165	MAPK cascade	An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
	GO:0032148	activation of protein kinase B activity	Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
	GO:0006953	acute-phase response	An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.
	GO:0046631	alpha-beta T cell activation	The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
	GO:0005975	carbohydrate metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
	GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
	GO:0044267	cellular protein metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification.
	GO:0055089	fatty acid homeostasis	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.
	GO:0042593	glucose homeostasis	Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
	GO:0006006	glucose metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
	GO:0015758	glucose transport	The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
	GO:0008286	insulin receptor signaling pathway	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
	GO:0033861	negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity	Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
	GO:0002674	negative regulation of acute inflammatory response	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
	GO:0045922	negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
	GO:2000252	negative regulation of feeding behavior	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.
	GO:0045721	negative regulation of gluconeogenesis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
	GO:0045818	negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
	GO:0050995	negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
	GO:1902176	negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
	GO:0042177	negative regulation of protein catabolic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
	GO:0032460	negative regulation of protein oligomerization	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
	GO:0050709	negative regulation of protein secretion	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
	GO:0045861	negative regulation of proteolysis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
	GO:0060266	negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
	GO:0045740	positive regulation of DNA replication	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
	GO:0043410	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
	GO:0051092	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
	GO:0090336	positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
	GO:0045597	positive regulation of cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
	GO:0030307	positive regulation of cell growth	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
	GO:0030335	positive regulation of cell migration	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
	GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
	GO:0032270	positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
	GO:0050715	positive regulation of cytokine secretion	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
	GO:0010628	positive regulation of gene expression	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
	GO:0046326	positive regulation of glucose import	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
	GO:0045725	positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
	GO:0045821	positive regulation of glycolytic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
	GO:0046628	positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
	GO:0046889	positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
	GO:0045840	positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
	GO:0045429	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
	GO:0051000	positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
	GO:0090277	positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.
	GO:0050731	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
	GO:0014068	positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
	GO:0031954	positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
	GO:0051897	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
	GO:1900182	positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
	GO:0060267	positive regulation of respiratory burst	Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
	GO:0006521	regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.
	GO:0032880	regulation of protein localization	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
	GO:0050708	regulation of protein secretion	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
	GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
	GO:0022898	regulation of transmembrane transporter activity	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity.
	GO:0042060	wound healing	The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
cellular component
	GO:0005796	Golgi lumen	The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.
	GO:0000139	Golgi membrane	The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
	GO:0005788	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
	GO:0033116	endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane	The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
	GO:0031904	endosome lumen	The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
	GO:0005615	extracellular space	That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
	GO:0034774	secretory granule lumen	The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.
	GO:0030133	transport vesicle	Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.

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Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1a7f	INSULIN MUTANT B16 GLU, B24 GLY, DES-B30, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES
1ai0	R6 HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMER (NON-SYMMETRIC), NMR, 10 STRUCTURES
1aiy	R6 HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMER (SYMMETRIC), NMR, 10 STRUCTURES
1b9e	HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT SERB9GLU
1ben	INSULIN COMPLEXED WITH 4-HYDROXYBENZAMIDE
1efe	AN ACTIVE MINI-PROINSULIN, M2PI
1ev3	STRUCTURE OF THE RHOMBOHEDRAL FORM OF THE M-CRESOL/ INSULIN R6 HEXAMER
1ev6	STRUCTURE OF THE MONOCLINIC FORM OF THE M-CRESOL/ INSULIN R6 HEXAMER
1evr	THE STRUCTURE OF THE RESORCINOL/INSULIN R6 HEXAMER
1fu2	FIRST PROTEIN STRUCTURE DETERMINED FROM X-RAY POWDERDIFFRACTION DATA
1fub	FIRST PROTEIN STRUCTURE DETERMINED FROM X-RAY POWDERDIFFRACTION DATA
1g7a	1.2 A STRUCTURE OF T3R3 HUMAN INSULIN AT 100 K
1g7b	1.3 A STRUCTURE OF T3R3 HUMAN INSULIN AT 100 K
1guj	INSULIN AT PH 2: STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONDITIONS PROMOTING INSULIN FIBRE FORMATION.
1hiq	INSULIN (HUMAN) MUTANT WITH PHE B 24 REPLACED BY SER (F24S) (NMR, REPRESENTATIVE PLUS 9 STRUCTURES)
1his	INSULIN (HUMAN, DES-PENTAPEPTIDE (B 26 - B 30)) (NMR , REPRESENTATIVE PLUS 14 STRUCTURES)
1hit	INSULIN (HUMAN) MUTANT WITH PHE B 24 REPLACED BY GLY (F24G) (NMR, REPRESENTATIVE PLUS 8 STRUCTURES)
1hls	NMR STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN INSULIN-HIS(B16)
1htv	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DESTRIPEPTIDE (B28-B30) INSULIN
1hui	INSULIN MUTANT (B1, B10, B16, B27)GLU, DES-B30, NMR , 25 STRUCTURES
1iog	INSULIN MUTANT A3 GLY,(B1, B10, B16, B27)GLU, DES- B30, NMR, 19 STRUCTURES
1ioh	INSULIN MUTANT A8 HIS,(B1, B10, B16, B27)GLU, DES- B30, NMR, 26 STRUCTURES
1j73	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AN UNSTABLE INSULIN ANALOG WITH NATIVEACTIVITY.
1jca	NON-STANDARD DESIGN OF UNSTABLE INSULIN ANALOGUES WITHENHANCED ACTIVITY
1jco	SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE MONOMERIC [THR(B27)->PRO,PRO (B28)->THR] INSULIN MUTANT (PT INSULIN)
1k3m	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT ILE-A2-ALA, HIS-B10-ASP, PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 15 STRUCTURES
1kmf	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT ILE-A2-ALLO- ILE, HIS-B10-ASP, PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 15 STRUCTURES
1lkq	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT ILE-A2-GLY, VAL-A3-GLY, HIS-B10-ASP, PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29- PRO, 20 STRUCTURES
1lph	LYS(B28)PRO(B29)-HUMAN INSULIN
1mhi
1mhj
1mso	T6 HUMAN INSULIN AT 1.0 A RESOLUTION
1os3	DEHYDRATED T6 HUMAN INSULIN AT 100 K
1os4	DEHYDRATED T6 HUMAN INSULIN AT 295 K
1q4v	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ALLO-ILEA2-INSULIN, AN INACTIVE CHIRALANALOGUE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MECHANISM OF RECEPTOR
1qiy	HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMERS WITH CHAIN B HIS MUTATED TO TYR COMPLEXED WITH PHENOL
1qiz	HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMERS WITH CHAIN B HIS MUTATED TO TYR COMPLEXED WITH RESORCINOL
1qj0	HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMERS WITH CHAIN B HIS MUTATED TO TYR
1rwe	ENHANCING THE ACTIVITY OF INSULIN AT RECEPTOR EDGE: CRYSTALSTRUCTURE AND PHOTO-CROSS-LINKING OF A8 ANALOGUES
1sf1	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN UNDER AMYLOIDOGENICCONDITION, 15 STRUCTURES
1sjt	MINI-PROINSULIN, TWO CHAIN INSULIN ANALOG MUTANT: DES B30, HIS(B 10)ASP, PRO(B 28)ASP, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES
1t0c	SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF HUMAN PROINSULIN C-PEPTIDE
1t1k	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT HIS-B10-ASP, VAL-B12-ALA, PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 15 STRUCTURES
1t1p	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT HIS-B10-ASP, VAL-B12-THR, PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 15 STRUCTURES
1t1q	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT HIS-B10-ASP, VAL-B12-ABA, PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 15 STRUCTURES
1trz	INSULIN (T3R3) COMPLEX WITH TWO ZINC IONS
1tyl	INSULIN (T3R3) (PH 6.4, 0.75 M NACL) COMPLEXED WITH TWO ZINC IONS AND TYLENOL (4'-HYDROXYACETANILIDE)
1tym	INSULIN (T3R3) (PH 5.6, 1.0 M NACL) COMPLEXED WITH TWO ZINC IONS AND TYLENOL (4'-HYDROXYACETANILIDE)
1uz9	CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC AND SOLUTION STUDIES OF N-LITHOCHOLYL INSULIN: A NEW GENERATION OF PROLONGED-ACTING INSULINS.
1vkt	HUMAN INSULIN TWO DISULFIDE MODEL, NMR, 10 STRUCTURES
1w8p	STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE B25TYR-NME-B26PHE INSULIN MUTANT.
1xda	STRUCTURE OF INSULIN
1xgl	HUMAN INSULIN DISULFIDE ISOMER, NMR, 10 STRUCTURES
1xw7	DIABETES-ASSOCIATED MUTATIONS IN HUMAN INSULIN: CRYSTALSTRUCTURE AND PHOTO-CROSS-LINKING STUDIES OF A- CHAINVARIANT INSULIN WAKAYAMA
1zeg	STRUCTURE OF B28 ASP INSULIN IN COMPLEX WITH PHENOL
1zeh	STRUCTURE OF INSULIN
1znj	INSULIN, MONOCLINIC CRYSTAL FORM
2aiy	R6 HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMER (SYMMETRIC), NMR, 20 STRUCTURES
2c8q	INSULINE(1SEC) AND UV LASER EXCITED FLUORESCENCE
2c8r	INSULINE(60SEC) AND UV LASER EXCITED FLUORESCENCE
2ceu	DESPENTAPEPTIDE INSULIN IN ACETIC ACID (PH 2)
2h67	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT HIS-B5-ALA, HIS-B10-ASP PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 20 STRUCTURES
2hh4	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT GLY-B8-D-SER , HIS-B10-ASP PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 20 STRUCTURES
2hho	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN MUTANT GLY-B8-SER, HIS-B10-ASP PRO-B28-LYS, LYS-B29-PRO, 20 STRUCTURES
2hiu	NMR STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN IN 20% ACETIC ACID, ZINC-FREE, 10 STRUCTURES
2vjz	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FORM ULTALENTE INSULIN MICROCRYSTALS
2vk0	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE FORM ULTALENTE INSULIN MICROCRYSTALS
2w44	STRUCTURE DELTAA1-A4 INSULIN
2wby	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN-DEGRADING ENZYME IN COMPLEX WITH INSULIN
2wc0	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN DEGRADING ENZYME IN COMPLEX WITH IODINATED INSULIN
2wru	SEMI-SYNTHETIC HIGHLY ACTIVE ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN NMEALAB26-DTI-NH2
2wrv	SEMI-SYNTHETIC HIGHLY ACTIVE ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN NMEHISB26-DTI-NH2
2wrw	SEMI-SYNTHETIC HIGHLY ACTIVE ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN D-PROB26-DTI-NH2
2wrx	SEMI-SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN NMEALAB26- INSULIN AT PH 3.0
2ws0	SEMI-SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN NMEALAB26- INSULIN AT PH 7.5
2ws1	SEMI-SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN NMETYRB26- INSULIN IN MONOMER FORM
2ws4	SEMI-SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN PROB26-DTI IN MONOMER FORM
2ws6	SEMI-SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN NMETYRB26- INSULIN IN HEXAMER FORM
2ws7	SEMI-SYNTHETIC ANALOGUE OF HUMAN INSULIN PROB26-DTI
3aiy	R6 HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMER (SYMMETRIC), NMR, REFINED AVERAGE STRUCTURE
3zqr	NMEPHEB25 INSULIN ANALOGUE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
3zs2	TYRB25,NMEPHEB26,LYSB28,PROB29-INSULIN ANALOGUE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
3zu1	STRUCTURE OF LYSB29(NEPSILON OMEGA-CARBOXYHEPTADECANOYL) DES(B30) HUMAN INSULIN
4aiy	R6 HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMER (SYMMETRIC), NMR, 'GREEN' SUBSTATE, AVERAGE STRUCTURE
4ajz	LIGAND CONTROLLED ASSEMBLY OF HEXAMERS, DIHEXAMERS, AND LINEAR MULTIHEXAMER STRUCTURES BY AN ENGINEERED ACYLATED INSULIN
4ak0	LIGAND CONTROLLED ASSEMBLY OF HEXAMERS, DIHEXAMERS, AND LINEAR MULTIHEXAMER STRUCTURES BY AN ENGINEERED ACYLATED INSULIN
4akj	LIGAND CONTROLLED ASSEMBLY OF HEXAMERS, DIHEXAMERS, AND LINEAR MULTIHEXAMER STRUCTURES BY AN ENGINEERED ACYLATED INSULIN
5aiy	R6 HUMAN INSULIN HEXAMER (SYMMETRIC), NMR, 'RED' SUBSTATE, AVERAGE STRUCTURE

Description

Compounds

Structural Features

Chains, Units

Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions (5, 15)

Sites (15, 15)

SS Bonds (18, 18)

Cis Peptide Bonds (1, 1)

Sequence-Structure Mapping

SAPs(SNPs)/Variants (18, 108)

PROSITE Motifs (1, 6)

Exons (2, 12)

Sequences/Alignments