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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RB HUMAN ARG-INSULIN
 
Authors :  R. Sreekanth, V. Pattabhi, S. S. Rajan
Date :  29 Aug 07  (Deposition) - 02 Sep 08  (Release) - 13 Jan 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.08
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B,C,D  (3x)
Keywords :  Hormone, Glucose Utilisation, T3R3 Conformation (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  R. Sreekanth, V. Pattabhi, S. S. Rajan
Metal Induced Structural Changes Observed In Hexameric Insulin
Int. J. Biol. Macromol. V. 44 29 2009
PubMed-ID: 18977386  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.IJBIOMAC.2008.09.019
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - INSULIN
    ChainsA, C
    FragmentINSULIN A CHAIN
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
 
Molecule 2 - INSULIN
    ChainsB, D
    FragmentINSULIN B CHAIN
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric Unit ABCD
Biological Unit 1 (3x)ABCD

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1NA1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
2RB1Ligand/IonRUBIDIUM ION
Biological Unit 1 (0, 0)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1NA-1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
2RB-1Ligand/IonRUBIDIUM ION

(-) Sites  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREHIS D:10 , HOH D:34BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE RB D 31
2AC2SOFTWAREHIS B:10 , HOH B:34BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NA B 31

(-) SS Bonds  (6, 6)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1A:6 -A:11
2A:7 -B:7
3A:20 -B:19
4C:6 -C:11
5C:7 -D:7
6C:20 -D:19

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2R35)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (21, 39)

Asymmetric Unit (21, 39)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
01UniProtVAR_063735R89CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356669AR0C
02UniProtVAR_003974R89HINS_HUMANDisease (HPRI)28933985AR0H
03UniProtVAR_003975R89LINS_HUMANDisease (HPRI)28933985AR0L
04UniProtVAR_063736G90CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356670A/CG1C
05UniProtVAR_003976V92LINS_HUMANPolymorphism121918102A/CV3L
06UniProtVAR_063724H29DINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)121908272B/DH5D
07UniProtVAR_063737C96SINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356671A/CC7S
08UniProtVAR_063738C96YINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356671A/CC7Y
09UniProtVAR_063725G32RINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356664B/DG8R
10UniProtVAR_063726G32SINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356664B/DG8S
11UniProtVAR_003971H34DINS_HUMANDisease (HPRI)121918101B/DH10D
12UniProtVAR_063727L35PINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)121908273B/DL11P
13UniProtVAR_063739S101CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)121908276A/CS12C
14UniProtVAR_063740Y103CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)121908277A/CY14C
15UniProtVAR_063741Y108CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356672A/CY19C
16UniProtVAR_063728C43GINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356666B/DC19G
17UniProtVAR_063729R46QINS_HUMANDisease (MODY10)121908260B/DR22Q
18UniProtVAR_063730G47VINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356667B/DG23V
19UniProtVAR_063731F48CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356668B/DF24C
20UniProtVAR_003972F48SINS_HUMANPolymorphism80356668B/DF24S
21UniProtVAR_003973F49LINS_HUMANPolymorphism148685531B/DF25L

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (21, 117)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
01UniProtVAR_063735R89CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356669AR0C
02UniProtVAR_003974R89HINS_HUMANDisease (HPRI)28933985AR0H
03UniProtVAR_003975R89LINS_HUMANDisease (HPRI)28933985AR0L
04UniProtVAR_063736G90CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356670A/CG1C
05UniProtVAR_003976V92LINS_HUMANPolymorphism121918102A/CV3L
06UniProtVAR_063724H29DINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)121908272B/DH5D
07UniProtVAR_063737C96SINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356671A/CC7S
08UniProtVAR_063738C96YINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356671A/CC7Y
09UniProtVAR_063725G32RINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356664B/DG8R
10UniProtVAR_063726G32SINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356664B/DG8S
11UniProtVAR_003971H34DINS_HUMANDisease (HPRI)121918101B/DH10D
12UniProtVAR_063727L35PINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)121908273B/DL11P
13UniProtVAR_063739S101CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)121908276A/CS12C
14UniProtVAR_063740Y103CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)121908277A/CY14C
15UniProtVAR_063741Y108CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356672A/CY19C
16UniProtVAR_063728C43GINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356666B/DC19G
17UniProtVAR_063729R46QINS_HUMANDisease (MODY10)121908260B/DR22Q
18UniProtVAR_063730G47VINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356667B/DG23V
19UniProtVAR_063731F48CINS_HUMANDisease (PNDM)80356668B/DF24C
20UniProtVAR_003972F48SINS_HUMANPolymorphism80356668B/DF24S
21UniProtVAR_003973F49LINS_HUMANPolymorphism148685531B/DF25L

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1INSULINPS00262 Insulin family signature.INS_HUMAN95-109
 
  2A:6-20
C:6-20
Biological Unit 1 (1, 6)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1INSULINPS00262 Insulin family signature.INS_HUMAN95-109
 
  6A:6-20
C:6-20

(-) Exons   (2, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 4)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1dENST000003972621dENSE00001527959chr11:2182434-2182015420INS_HUMAN1-63632-
B:1-28
-
D:1-30
-
28
-
30
1.2aENST000003972622aENSE00001488230chr11:2181227-2181009219INS_HUMAN63-110482A:0-21
-
C:1-21
-
22
-
21
-

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:22
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:22
                                    98       108  
            INS_HUMAN    89 RGIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN 110
               SCOP domains ---------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhh...hhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) CC-L---S----C-C----C-- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) H------Y-------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
             SAPs(SNPs) (3) L--------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (3)
                    PROSITE ------INSULIN        - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) ---------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.2a  PDB: A:0-21 Transcript 1 (2)
                 2r35 A   0 RGIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN  21
                                     9        19  

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:28
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:28
                                    34        44        
            INS_HUMAN    25 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTP  52
               SCOP domains d2r35b1 B:1-28               SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....ee... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----D--R-DP-------G--QVCL--- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------S---------------S---- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1d  PDB: B:1-28       Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 2r35 B   1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTP  28
                                    10        20        

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:21
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:21
                                    99       109 
            INS_HUMAN    90 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN 110
               SCOP domains --------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhh.............. Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) C-L---S----C-C----C-- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ------Y-------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -----INSULIN        - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) --------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) Exon 1.2a  PDB: C:1-2 Transcript 1 (2)
                 2r35 C   1 GIVEQCCTSICSLYQLENYCN  21
                                    10        20 

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:30
 aligned with INS_HUMAN | P01308 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:110

    Alignment length:30
                                    34        44        54
            INS_HUMAN    25 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT  54
               SCOP domains d2r35d1 D:1-29               - SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .......hhhhhhhhhhhh.....ee.... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----D--R-DP-------G--QVCL----- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------S---------------S------ SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------ PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1d  PDB: D:1-30         Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ------------------------------ Transcript 1 (2)
                 2r35 D   1 FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKT  30
                                    10        20        30

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Peptides (792)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2R35)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2R35)

(-) Gene Ontology  (74, 74)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B,C,D   (INS_HUMAN | P01308)
molecular function
    GO:0005179    hormone activity    The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0005158    insulin receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor.
    GO:0005159    insulin-like growth factor receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin-like growth factor receptor.
    GO:0002020    protease binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
    GO:0006888    ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport    The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi.
    GO:0007186    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
    GO:0000165    MAPK cascade    An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
    GO:0032148    activation of protein kinase B activity    Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
    GO:0006953    acute-phase response    An acute inflammatory response that involves non-antibody proteins whose concentrations in the plasma increase in response to infection or injury of homeothermic animals.
    GO:0046631    alpha-beta T cell activation    The change in morphology and behavior of an alpha-beta T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific.
    GO:0005975    carbohydrate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
    GO:0007267    cell-cell signaling    Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
    GO:0044267    cellular protein metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification.
    GO:0055089    fatty acid homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of fatty acid within an organism or cell.
    GO:0042593    glucose homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
    GO:0006006    glucose metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
    GO:0015758    glucose transport    The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0008286    insulin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
    GO:0033861    negative regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity    Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase.
    GO:0002674    negative regulation of acute inflammatory response    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of an acute inflammatory response.
    GO:0045922    negative regulation of fatty acid metabolic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids.
    GO:2000252    negative regulation of feeding behavior    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of feeding behavior.
    GO:0045721    negative regulation of gluconeogenesis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
    GO:0045818    negative regulation of glycogen catabolic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glycogen.
    GO:0050995    negative regulation of lipid catabolic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of lipids.
    GO:1902176    negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0042177    negative regulation of protein catabolic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
    GO:0032460    negative regulation of protein oligomerization    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
    GO:0050709    negative regulation of protein secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
    GO:0045861    negative regulation of proteolysis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
    GO:0060266    negative regulation of respiratory burst involved in inflammatory response    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response ; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0045740    positive regulation of DNA replication    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
    GO:0043410    positive regulation of MAPK cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
    GO:0051092    positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
    GO:0090336    positive regulation of brown fat cell differentiation    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of brown fat cell differentiation. Brown fat cell differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria.
    GO:0045597    positive regulation of cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
    GO:0030307    positive regulation of cell growth    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:0030335    positive regulation of cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0032270    positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell.
    GO:0050715    positive regulation of cytokine secretion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0046326    positive regulation of glucose import    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
    GO:0045725    positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
    GO:0045821    positive regulation of glycolytic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
    GO:0046628    positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
    GO:0046889    positive regulation of lipid biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of lipids.
    GO:0045840    positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
    GO:0045429    positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
    GO:0051000    positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
    GO:0090277    positive regulation of peptide hormone secretion    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the regulated release of a peptide hormone from secretory granules.
    GO:0050731    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
    GO:0014068    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
    GO:0031954    positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
    GO:0051897    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
    GO:1900182    positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
    GO:0060267    positive regulation of respiratory burst    Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0006521    regulation of cellular amino acid metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving amino acids.
    GO:0032880    regulation of protein localization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
    GO:0050708    regulation of protein secretion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0022898    regulation of transmembrane transporter activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity.
    GO:0042060    wound healing    The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.
cellular component
    GO:0005796    Golgi lumen    The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks.
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0005788    endoplasmic reticulum lumen    The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0033116    endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment system.
    GO:0031904    endosome lumen    The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0034774    secretory granule lumen    The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.
    GO:0030133    transport vesicle    Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, from the Golgi to the ER (retrograde transport) or to destinations within or outside the cell.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        INS_HUMAN | P013081a7f 1ai0 1aiy 1b9e 1ben 1efe 1ev3 1ev6 1evr 1fu2 1fub 1g7a 1g7b 1guj 1hiq 1his 1hit 1hls 1htv 1hui 1iog 1ioh 1j73 1jca 1jco 1jk8 1k3m 1kmf 1lkq 1lph 1mhi 1mhj 1mso 1os3 1os4 1q4v 1qiy 1qiz 1qj0 1rwe 1sf1 1sjt 1sju 1t0c 1t1k 1t1p 1t1q 1trz 1tyl 1tym 1uz9 1vkt 1w8p 1xda 1xgl 1xw7 1zeg 1zeh 1znj 2aiy 2c8q 2c8r 2ceu 2g54 2g56 2h67 2hh4 2hho 2hiu 2jmn 2jum 2juu 2juv 2jv1 2jzq 2k91 2k9r 2kjj 2kju 2kqp 2kqq 2kxk 2l1y 2l1z 2lgb 2lwz 2m1d 2m1e 2m2m 2m2n 2m2o 2m2p 2mli 2mpg 2mpi 2mvc 2mvd 2n2v 2n2w 2n2x 2oly 2olz 2om0 2om1 2omg 2omh 2omi 2omq 2qiu 2r34 2r36 2rn5 2vjz 2vk0 2w44 2wby 2wc0 2wru 2wrv 2wrw 2wrx 2ws0 2ws1 2ws4 2ws6 2ws7 3aiy 3bxq 3e7y 3e7z 3exx 3fq9 3hyd 3i3z 3i40 3ilg 3inc 3ir0 3jsd 3kq6 3p2x 3p33 3q6e 3rov 3tt8 3u4n 3utq 3uts 3utt 3v19 3v1g 3w11 3w12 3w13 3w7y 3w7z 3w80 3zi3 3zqr 3zs2 3zu1 4aiy 4ajx 4ajz 4ak0 4akj 4cxl 4cxn 4cy7 4efx 4eww 4ewx 4ewz 4ex0 4ex1 4exx 4ey1 4ey9 4eyd 4eyn 4eyp 4f0n 4f0o 4f1a 4f1b 4f1c 4f1d 4f1f 4f1g 4f4t 4f4v 4f51 4f8f 4fg3 4fka 4gbc 4gbi 4gbk 4gbl 4gbn 4iuz 4iyd 4iyf 4nib 4oga 4p65 4q5z 4rxw 4une 4ung 4unh 4wdi 4xc4 4y19 4y1a 4z76 4z77 4z78 5aiy 5boq 5bpo 5bqq 5bts 5c0d 5cjo 5cny 5co2 5co6 5co9 5e7w 5ems 5en9 5ena 5hpr 5hpu 5hqi 5hrq 5hyj 5mam 5mt3 5mt9 5udp

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1trz 2qiu 2r34 2r36