| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| | GO:0005088 | | Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | | Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase. |
| | GO:0042169 | | SH2 domain binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class. |
| | GO:0033130 | | acetylcholine receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an acetylcholine receptor. |
| | GO:0005131 | | growth hormone receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the growth hormone receptor. |
| | GO:0020037 | | heme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring. |
| | GO:0042393 | | histone binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity. |
| | GO:0035401 | | histone kinase activity (H3-Y41 specific) | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group to the tyrosine-41 residue of histone H3. |
| | GO:0043560 | | insulin receptor substrate binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex. |
| | GO:0005143 | | interleukin-12 receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the interleukin-12 receptor. |
| | GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| | GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| | GO:0004715 | | non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein. |
| | GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| | GO:0051428 | | peptide hormone receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for peptide hormones. |
| | GO:0043548 | | phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring. |
| | GO:0008022 | | protein C-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| | GO:0019901 | | protein kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. |
| | GO:0004713 | | protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate. |
| | GO:0005102 | | receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| | GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
| | GO:0031702 | | type 1 angiotensin receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type 1 angiotensin receptor. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0007186 | | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576). |
| | GO:0007259 | | JAK-STAT cascade | | Any process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) and JAK (Janus Activated Kinase) proteins convey a signal to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. The JAK-STAT cascade begins with activation of STAT proteins by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases, proceeds through dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of STAT proteins, and ends with regulation of target gene expression by STAT proteins. |
| | GO:0060397 | | JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway | | The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes. |
| | GO:0000165 | | MAPK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| | GO:0007262 | | STAT protein import into nucleus | | The directed movement of dimerized STAT (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) proteins into the nucleus following activation by members of the janus activated kinase (JAK) family of tyrosine kinases. |
| | GO:0030041 | | actin filament polymerization | | Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament. |
| | GO:0000186 | | activation of MAPKK activity | | The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK). |
| | GO:0006919 | | activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process. |
| | GO:0097296 | | activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| | GO:0002250 | | adaptive immune response | | An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). |
| | GO:0006915 | | apoptotic process | | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| | GO:0031103 | | axon regeneration | | The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage. |
| | GO:0007596 | | blood coagulation | | The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. |
| | GO:0030154 | | cell differentiation | | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. |
| | GO:0016477 | | cell migration | | The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. |
| | GO:0019221 | | cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0007167 | | enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell, where the receptor possesses catalytic activity or is closely associated with an enzyme such as a protein kinase, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0030218 | | erythrocyte differentiation | | The process in which a myeloid precursor cell acquires specializes features of an erythrocyte. |
| | GO:0097191 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| | GO:0060396 | | growth hormone receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. |
| | GO:0035409 | | histone H3-Y41 phosphorylation | | The modification of histone H3 by the addition of a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue at position 41 of the histone. |
| | GO:0009755 | | hormone-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a hormone. |
| | GO:0002376 | | immune system process | | Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. |
| | GO:0045087 | | innate immune response | | Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| | GO:0060333 | | interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interferon-gamma to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Interferon gamma is the only member of the type II interferon found so far. |
| | GO:0035722 | | interleukin-12-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-12 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0035556 | | intracellular signal transduction | | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
| | GO:0008631 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| | GO:0061180 | | mammary gland epithelium development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. |
| | GO:0007498 | | mesoderm development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. |
| | GO:0031959 | | mineralocorticoid receptor signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a mineralocorticoid binding to its receptor. |
| | GO:0006928 | | movement of cell or subcellular component | | The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. |
| | GO:0043392 | | negative regulation of DNA binding | | Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| | GO:0010667 | | negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process | | Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. |
| | GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0022408 | | negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. |
| | GO:0045822 | | negative regulation of heart contraction | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. |
| | GO:0043524 | | negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| | GO:0038083 | | peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation | | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein. |
| | GO:0018108 | | peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. |
| | GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| | GO:0048008 | | platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| | GO:0043388 | | positive regulation of DNA binding | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| | GO:0043547 | | positive regulation of GTPase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase. |
| | GO:0043065 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| | GO:0050867 | | positive regulation of cell activation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation. |
| | GO:0045597 | | positive regulation of cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0030335 | | positive regulation of cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| | GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0010811 | | positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. |
| | GO:0007204 | | positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | | Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. |
| | GO:0060399 | | positive regulation of growth hormone receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the growth hormone receptor signaling pathway. The growth hormone receptor signaling pathway is the series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of growth hormone receptor binding to its physiological ligand. |
| | GO:0050729 | | positive regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
| | GO:0032024 | | positive regulation of insulin secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| | GO:0032731 | | positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 beta production. |
| | GO:0045429 | | positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide. |
| | GO:0051770 | | positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a nitric oxide synthase enzyme. |
| | GO:0050731 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| | GO:0014068 | | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
| | GO:0032516 | | positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase. |
| | GO:0033160 | | positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation | | Any process that activates or increases the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane. |
| | GO:0051091 | | positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. |
| | GO:0032760 | | positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| | GO:0046777 | | protein autophosphorylation | | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). |
| | GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| | GO:0042981 | | regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| | GO:0042127 | | regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0050727 | | regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. |
| | GO:0060334 | | regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor. |
| | GO:0046677 | | response to antibiotic | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms. |
| | GO:0033194 | | response to hydroperoxide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydroperoxide stimulus. Hydroperoxides are monosubstitution products of hydrogen peroxide, HOOH. |
| | GO:0070671 | | response to interleukin-12 | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-12 stimulus. |
| | GO:0032496 | | response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| | GO:0006979 | | response to oxidative stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| | GO:0034612 | | response to tumor necrosis factor | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus. |
| | GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| | GO:0033209 | | tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a tumor necrosis factor to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0007260 | | tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein | | The process of introducing a phosphate group to a tyrosine residue of a STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0005901 | | caveola | | A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0012505 | | endomembrane system | | A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles. |
| | GO:0031904 | | endosome lumen | | The volume enclosed by the membrane of an endosome. |
| | GO:0031234 | | extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane | | The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. |
| | GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| | GO:0045121 | | membrane raft | | Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. |
| | GO:0016363 | | nuclear matrix | | The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. |
| | GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| | GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
Description
