Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B ( XRCC4_HUMAN | Q13426)
| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0003677 | | DNA binding | | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| | GO:0016874 | | ligase activity | | Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. |
| | GO:0008022 | | protein C-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0051103 | | DNA ligation involved in DNA repair | | The re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase, that contributes to DNA repair. |
| | GO:0006310 | | DNA recombination | | Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Intrachromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. |
| | GO:0006281 | | DNA repair | | The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. |
| | GO:0006974 | | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| | GO:0071285 | | cellular response to lithium ion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus. |
| | GO:0006302 | | double-strand break repair | | The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA via homologous and nonhomologous mechanisms to reform a continuous DNA helix. |
| | GO:0006303 | | double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining | | The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear. |
| | GO:0075713 | | establishment of integrated proviral latency | | A process by which the virus integrates into the host genome and establishes as a stable provirus or prophage. |
| | GO:0051351 | | positive regulation of ligase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ligase activity, the catalysis of the ligation of two substances with concomitant breaking of a diphosphate linkage, usually in a nucleoside triphosphate. |
| | GO:0016925 | | protein sumoylation | | The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein. |
| | GO:0010165 | | response to X-ray | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of X-ray radiation. An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to 100 picometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz to 3 EHz). |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0032807 | | DNA ligase IV complex | | A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that contains DNA ligase IV and is involved in DNA repair by non-homologous end joining; in addition to the ligase, the complex also contains XRCC4 or a homolog, e.g. Saccharomyces Lif1p. |
| | GO:0005958 | | DNA-dependent protein kinase-DNA ligase 4 complex | | A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, in mammals, V(D)J recombination events. It consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 or a homolog thereof, and DNA ligase IV. |
| | GO:0030054 | | cell junction | | A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix. |
| | GO:0005813 | | centrosome | | A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle. |
| | GO:0000793 | | condensed chromosome | | A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0070419 | | nonhomologous end joining complex | | A protein complex that plays a role in DNA double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining. Such complexes typically contain a specialized DNA ligase (e.g. Lig4 in eukaryotes) and one or more proteins that bind to DNA ends. |
| | GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| | GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
Chain C,D ( MARE1_HUMAN | Q15691)
| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0008017 | | microtubule binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers. |
| | GO:0051010 | | microtubule plus-end binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the plus end of a microtubule. |
| | GO:0008022 | | protein C-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0000086 | | G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle | | The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex. |
| | GO:0007049 | | cell cycle | | The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. |
| | GO:0051301 | | cell division | | The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. |
| | GO:0008283 | | cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| | GO:1904527 | | negative regulation of microtubule binding | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding. |
| | GO:0031115 | | negative regulation of microtubule polymerization | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. |
| | GO:0030335 | | positive regulation of cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| | GO:1903033 | | positive regulation of microtubule plus-end binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule plus-end binding. |
| | GO:0035372 | | protein localization to microtubule | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule. |
| | GO:0007062 | | sister chromatid cohesion | | The cell cycle process in which the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome become tethered to each other. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0005794 | | Golgi apparatus | | A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. |
| | GO:0042995 | | cell projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. |
| | GO:0031253 | | cell projection membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection. |
| | GO:0005813 | | centrosome | | A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle. |
| | GO:0030981 | | cortical microtubule cytoskeleton | | The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0005881 | | cytoplasmic microtubule | | Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| | GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0005874 | | microtubule | | Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle. |
| | GO:0015630 | | microtubule cytoskeleton | | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins. |
| | GO:0005815 | | microtubule organizing center | | An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides. |
| | GO:0035371 | | microtubule plus-end | | The growing (plus) end of a microtubule. In vitro, microtubules polymerize more quickly at the plus end than at the minus end. In vivo, microtubule growth occurs only at the plus end, and the plus end switches between periods of growth and shortening, a behavior known as dynamic instability. |
| | GO:0005819 | | spindle | | The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. |
Chain C,D ( TPM1_HUMAN | P09493)
| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0003779 | | actin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments. |
| | GO:0008092 | | cytoskeletal protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton). |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0005200 | | structural constituent of cytoskeleton | | The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure. |
| | GO:0008307 | | structural constituent of muscle | | The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0060048 | | cardiac muscle contraction | | Muscle contraction of cardiac muscle tissue. |
| | GO:0034614 | | cellular response to reactive oxygen species | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals. |
| | GO:0007010 | | cytoskeleton organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures. |
| | GO:0001701 | | in utero embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| | GO:0006928 | | movement of cell or subcellular component | | The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore. |
| | GO:0006936 | | muscle contraction | | A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. |
| | GO:0030049 | | muscle filament sliding | | The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated. |
| | GO:0030336 | | negative regulation of cell migration | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| | GO:1904753 | | negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration. |
| | GO:1904706 | | negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0032781 | | positive regulation of ATPase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. |
| | GO:0045785 | | positive regulation of cell adhesion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. |
| | GO:0003065 | | positive regulation of heart rate by epinephrine | | The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings increases the rate of heart muscle contraction. |
| | GO:0051496 | | positive regulation of stress fiber assembly | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts. |
| | GO:0008360 | | regulation of cell shape | | Any process that modulates the surface configuration of a cell. |
| | GO:0008016 | | regulation of heart contraction | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. |
| | GO:0006937 | | regulation of muscle contraction | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of muscle contraction. |
| | GO:0031529 | | ruffle organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell. |
| | GO:0045214 | | sarcomere organization | | The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. |
| | GO:0055010 | | ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. |
| | GO:0042060 | | wound healing | | The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0032059 | | bleb | | A cell extension caused by localized decoupling of the cytoskeleton from the plasma membrane and characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusion. Blebs are formed during apoptosis and other cellular processes, including cell locomotion, cell division, and as a result of physical or chemical stresses. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0031941 | | filamentous actin | | A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin. |
| | GO:0005862 | | muscle thin filament tropomyosin | | A form of the tropomyosin dimer found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments. |
| | GO:0030016 | | myofibril | | The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism. |
| | GO:0032587 | | ruffle membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle. |
| | GO:0030017 | | sarcomere | | The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs. |
| | GO:0001725 | | stress fiber | | A contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity, cross-linked by alpha-actinin and possibly other actin bundling proteins, and with myosin present in a periodic distribution along the fiber. |
Chain C,D ( TPM1_CHICK | P04268)
| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0003779 | | actin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
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Description
