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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 BETA (GSK3B) IN COMPLEX WITH INHIBITOR 142
 
Authors :  M. P. Mazanetz, R. K. Y. Cheng, F. Rowan, C. A. Laughton, J. J. Barker, P. M
Date :  03 Jun 11  (Deposition) - 13 Jun 12  (Release) - 28 Dec 16  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.23
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B  (1x)
Keywords :  Kinase, Atp Hydrolysis, Phosphorylation, Transferase-Transferase Inhibitor Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  R. K. Y. Cheng, F. Rowan, J. J. Barker
Crystal Structure Of Human Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (Gsk3B) In Complex With Inhibitor 142
To Be Published
PubMed: search

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE-3 BETA
    ChainsA, B
    EC Number2.7.11.26
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemSPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA
    Expression System PlasmidPTRI-EX
    Expression System Taxid7108
    Expression System Vector TypeBACULOVIRUS
    GeneGSK3B
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymGSK-3 BETA

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (1x)A 
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (5, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (5, 8)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1FMT1Ligand/IonFORMIC ACID
2MLA2Ligand/IonMALONIC ACID
3MPD1Ligand/Ion(4S)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
4OFT2Ligand/Ion(3Z)-N,N-DIETHYL-3-[(3E)-3-(HYDROXYIMINO)-1,3-DIHYDRO-2H-INDOL-2-YLIDENE]-2-OXO-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-INDOLE-5-SULFONAMIDE
5PTR2Mod. Amino AcidO-PHOSPHOTYROSINE
Biological Unit 1 (4, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1FMT1Ligand/IonFORMIC ACID
2MLA1Ligand/IonMALONIC ACID
3MPD-1Ligand/Ion(4S)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
4OFT1Ligand/Ion(3Z)-N,N-DIETHYL-3-[(3E)-3-(HYDROXYIMINO)-1,3-DIHYDRO-2H-INDOL-2-YLIDENE]-2-OXO-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-INDOLE-5-SULFONAMIDE
5PTR1Mod. Amino AcidO-PHOSPHOTYROSINE
Biological Unit 2 (4, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1FMT-1Ligand/IonFORMIC ACID
2MLA1Ligand/IonMALONIC ACID
3MPD1Ligand/Ion(4S)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
4OFT1Ligand/Ion(3Z)-N,N-DIETHYL-3-[(3E)-3-(HYDROXYIMINO)-1,3-DIHYDRO-2H-INDOL-2-YLIDENE]-2-OXO-2,3-DIHYDRO-1H-INDOLE-5-SULFONAMIDE
5PTR1Mod. Amino AcidO-PHOSPHOTYROSINE

(-) Sites  (6, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (6, 6)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREPHE A:67 , VAL A:70 , ALA A:83 , LYS A:85 , LEU A:132 , ASP A:133 , TYR A:134 , VAL A:135 , PRO A:136 , ARG A:141 , GLN A:185 , ASN A:186 , LEU A:188 , CYS A:199 , ASP A:200 , HOH A:472BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE OFT A 431
2AC2SOFTWAREARG A:96 , ARG A:180 , LYS A:205 , ASN A:213 , VAL A:214BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MLA A 432
3AC3SOFTWARETYR A:56BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE FMT A 433
4AC4SOFTWAREPHE B:67 , VAL B:70 , ALA B:83 , LYS B:85 , LEU B:132 , ASP B:133 , TYR B:134 , VAL B:135 , PRO B:136 , ARG B:141 , ASN B:186 , LEU B:188 , CYS B:199 , ASP B:200 , HOH B:453BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE OFT B 431
5AC5SOFTWAREARG B:96 , ARG B:180 , LYS B:205 , ASN B:213 , VAL B:214BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MLA B 432
6AC6SOFTWAREILE B:228 , VAL B:263 , TYR B:288BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MPD B 433

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3SAY)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 3SAY)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 3SAY)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PROTEIN_KINASE_ATPPS00107 Protein kinases ATP-binding region signature.GSK3B_HUMAN62-86
 
  2A:62-86
B:62-86
2PROTEIN_KINASE_STPS00108 Serine/Threonine protein kinases active-site signature.GSK3B_HUMAN177-189
 
  2A:177-189
B:177-189
Biological Unit 1 (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PROTEIN_KINASE_ATPPS00107 Protein kinases ATP-binding region signature.GSK3B_HUMAN62-86
 
  1A:62-86
-
2PROTEIN_KINASE_STPS00108 Serine/Threonine protein kinases active-site signature.GSK3B_HUMAN177-189
 
  1A:177-189
-
Biological Unit 2 (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PROTEIN_KINASE_ATPPS00107 Protein kinases ATP-binding region signature.GSK3B_HUMAN62-86
 
  1-
B:62-86
2PROTEIN_KINASE_STPS00108 Serine/Threonine protein kinases active-site signature.GSK3B_HUMAN177-189
 
  1-
B:177-189

(-) Exons   (9, 18)

Asymmetric Unit (9, 18)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000002642351aENSE00001206838chr3:119813264-1198121941071GSK3B_HUMAN1-30300--
1.2ENST000002642352ENSE00001206832chr3:119721086-119720893194GSK3B_HUMAN30-94652A:35-94
B:35-94
60
60
1.3ENST000002642353ENSE00001076166chr3:119666198-11966611584GSK3B_HUMAN95-122282A:95-122
B:95-122
28
28
1.4ENST000002642354ENSE00001012216chr3:119642330-119642220111GSK3B_HUMAN123-159372A:123-159
B:123-159
37
37
1.5ENST000002642355ENSE00001012214chr3:119635021-119634891131GSK3B_HUMAN160-203442A:160-203
B:160-203
44
44
1.6ENST000002642356ENSE00001012215chr3:119631657-119631551107GSK3B_HUMAN203-239372A:203-239
B:203-239
37
37
1.7ENST000002642357ENSE00000823656chr3:119624699-11962460298GSK3B_HUMAN239-271332A:239-271
B:239-271
33
33
1.8ENST000002642358ENSE00001012184chr3:119595355-11959526096GSK3B_HUMAN272-303322A:272-303 (gaps)
B:272-303
32
32
1.10ENST0000026423510ENSE00001012181chr3:119582452-119582266187GSK3B_HUMAN304-366632A:304-366
B:304-366
63
63
1.11bENST0000026423511bENSE00001149998chr3:119562200-11956210299GSK3B_HUMAN366-399342A:366-384
B:366-382
19
17
1.12dENST0000026423512dENSE00001863284chr3:119545702-1195401705533GSK3B_HUMAN399-420220--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:348
 aligned with GSK3B_HUMAN | P49841 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:420

    Alignment length:350
                                    44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374       384
          GSK3B_HUMAN    35 SKVTTVVATPGQGPDRPQEVSYTDTKVIGNGSFGVVYQAKLCDSGELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSGEKKDEVYLNLVLDYVPETVYRVARHYSRAKQTLPVIYVKLYMYQLFRSLAYIHSFGICHRDIKPQNLLLDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSYICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDVWSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNYTEFKFPQIKAHPWTKVFRPRTPPEAIALCSRLLEYTPTARLTPLEACAHSFFDELRDPNVKLPNGRDTPALFNFTTQELSSNPPLATILIPPHARI 384
               SCOP domains d3saya_ A: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (Gsk3b)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..eeeeeeee.......eeeeeeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeee.....eeeeeeee......hhhhhhhhh........eeeeeee........eeeeeee...eehhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..ee....hhh.eeee....eeee......ee............hhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhh...--.........hhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhh....hhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........................hhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PROTEIN_KINAS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.2  PDB: A:35-94 UniProt: 30-94 [INCOMPLETE]          Exon 1.3  PDB: A:95-122     Exon 1.4  PDB: A:123-159             Exon 1.5  PDB: A:160-203 UniProt: 160-203   -----------------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: A:239-271         Exon 1.8  PDB: A:272-303 (gaps) Exon 1.10  PDB: A:304-366 UniProt: 304-366                     ------------------ Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: A:203-239             ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.11b          Transcript 1 (2)
                 3say A  35 SKVTTVVATPGQGPDRPQEVSYTDTKVIGNGSFGVVYQAKLCDSGELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSGEKKDEVYLNLVLDYVPETVYRVARHYSRAKQTLPVIYVKLYMYQLFRSLAYIHSFGICHRDIKPQNLLLDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSyICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDVWSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNY--FKFPQIKAHPWTKVFRPRTPPEAIALCSRLLEYTPTARLTPLEACAHSFFDELRDPNVKLPNGRDTPALFNFTTQELSSNPPLATILIPPHARI 384
                                    44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214 |     224       234       244       254       264       274       284   |  |294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374       384
                                                                                                                                                                                                               216-PTR                                                                 288  |                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          291                                                                                             

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:348
 aligned with GSK3B_HUMAN | P49841 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:420

    Alignment length:348
                                    44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374        
          GSK3B_HUMAN    35 SKVTTVVATPGQGPDRPQEVSYTDTKVIGNGSFGVVYQAKLCDSGELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSGEKKDEVYLNLVLDYVPETVYRVARHYSRAKQTLPVIYVKLYMYQLFRSLAYIHSFGICHRDIKPQNLLLDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSYICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDVWSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNYTEFKFPQIKAHPWTKVFRPRTPPEAIALCSRLLEYTPTARLTPLEACAHSFFDELRDPNVKLPNGRDTPALFNFTTQELSSNPPLATILIPPHA 382
               SCOP domains d3sayb_ B: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (Gsk3b)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeeeee.......eeeeeeeeeeeee...eeeeeeee.....eeeeeeee......hhhhhhhhhh.......eeeeeee........eeeeeee...eehhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..ee....hhh.eee......eee......ee............hhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhh..............hhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..................hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------PROTEIN_KINASE_ATP       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PROTEIN_KINAS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.2  PDB: B:35-94 UniProt: 30-94 [INCOMPLETE]          Exon 1.3  PDB: B:95-122     Exon 1.4  PDB: B:123-159             Exon 1.5  PDB: B:160-203 UniProt: 160-203   -----------------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: B:239-271         Exon 1.8  PDB: B:272-303        Exon 1.10  PDB: B:304-366 UniProt: 304-366                     ---------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: B:203-239             ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.11b        Transcript 1 (2)
                 3say B  35 SKVTTVVATPGQGPDRPQEVSYTDTKVIGNGSFGVVYQAKLCDSGELVAIKKVLQDKRFKNRELQIMRKLDHCNIVRLRYFFYSSGEKKDEVYLNLVLDYVPETVYRVARHYSRAKQTLPVIYVKLYMYQLFRSLAYIHSFGICHRDIKPQNLLLDPDTAVLKLCDFGSAKQLVRGEPNVSyICSRYYRAPELIFGATDYTSSIDVWSAGCVLAELLLGQPIFPGDSGVDQLVEIIKVLGTPTREQIREMNPNYTEFKFPQIKAHPWTKVFRPRTPPEAIALCSRLLEYTPTARLTPLEACAHSFFDELRDPNVKLPNGRDTPALFNFTTQELSSNPPLATILIPPHA 382
                                    44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214 |     224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374        
                                                                                                                                                                                                               216-PTR                                                                                                                                                                  

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3SAY)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3SAY)

(-) Gene Ontology  (146, 146)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (GSK3B_HUMAN | P49841)
molecular function
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0051059    NF-kappaB binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters.
    GO:0001085    RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0008013    beta-catenin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.
    GO:0005178    integrin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.
    GO:0035255    ionotropic glutamate receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels.
    GO:0016301    kinase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0002039    p53 binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one of the p53 family of proteins.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0034236    protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or both of the catalytic subunits of protein kinase A.
    GO:0004672    protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0004674    protein serine/threonine kinase activity    Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
    GO:0048156    tau protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
    GO:0050321    tau-protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + tau-protein = ADP + O-phospho-tau-protein.
    GO:0008134    transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
    GO:0016740    transferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
    GO:0031625    ubiquitin protein ligase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
biological process
    GO:0006983    ER overload response    The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.
    GO:0016055    Wnt signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.
    GO:0007568    aging    A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
    GO:0009887    animal organ morphogenesis    Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
    GO:0007409    axonogenesis    De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.
    GO:1904885    beta-catenin destruction complex assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin destruction complex.
    GO:1904886    beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly    The disaggregation of a beta-catenin destruction complex into its constituent components.
    GO:0060070    canonical Wnt signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0044337    canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of apoptotic process    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of apoptotic process.
    GO:0005975    carbohydrate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
    GO:0030154    cell differentiation    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
    GO:0016477    cell migration    The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
    GO:1903351    cellular response to dopamine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus.
    GO:0036018    cellular response to erythropoietin    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an erythropoietin stimulus.
    GO:0035729    cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0070301    cellular response to hydrogen peroxide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
    GO:0036016    cellular response to interleukin-3    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-3 stimulus.
    GO:0071282    cellular response to iron(II) ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron(II) ion stimulus.
    GO:0071285    cellular response to lithium ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
    GO:0071260    cellular response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0099565    chemical synaptic transmission, postsynaptic    The part of synaptic transmission occurring in the post-synapse: a signal transduction pathway consisting of neurotransmitter receptor activation and its effects on postsynaptic membrane potential and the ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol.
    GO:0007623    circadian rhythm    Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.
    GO:0007212    dopamine receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a dopamine receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
    GO:0001837    epithelial to mesenchymal transition    A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
    GO:0030010    establishment of cell polarity    The specification and formation of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
    GO:0007163    establishment or maintenance of cell polarity    Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
    GO:0097192    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand    A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0045444    fat cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
    GO:0005977    glycogen metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues in alpha-(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha-(1->6) glycosidic linkages.
    GO:0021766    hippocampus development    The progression of the hippocampus over time from its initial formation until its mature state.
    GO:0044027    hypermethylation of CpG island    An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in a CpG island in DNA. CpG islands are genomic regions that contain a high frequency of the CG dinucleotide and are often associated with the transcription start site of genes.
    GO:0035556    intracellular signal transduction    The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
    GO:0070059    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress    A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0007520    myoblast fusion    A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
    GO:0014902    myotube differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotube differentiation starts with myoblast fusion and the appearance of specific cell markers (this is the cell development step). Then individual myotubes can fuse to form bigger myotubes and start to contract. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
    GO:0043407    negative regulation of MAP kinase activity    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
    GO:0051534    negative regulation of NFAT protein import into nucleus    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the movement of an NFAT protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0090090    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0010614    negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the enlargement or overgrowth of all or part of the heart due to an increase in size (not length) of individual cardiac muscle fibers, without cell division.
    GO:2000171    negative regulation of dendrite development    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite development.
    GO:0050774    negative regulation of dendrite morphogenesis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
    GO:1904339    negative regulation of dopaminergic neuron differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
    GO:2000466    negative regulation of glycogen (starch) synthase activity    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of glycogen (starch) synthase activity.
    GO:0045719    negative regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
    GO:0014043    negative regulation of neuron maturation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.
    GO:2001223    negative regulation of neuron migration    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration.
    GO:0010977    negative regulation of neuron projection development    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
    GO:0051001    negative regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity    Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
    GO:0032091    negative regulation of protein binding    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
    GO:0031333    negative regulation of protein complex assembly    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
    GO:1900181    negative regulation of protein localization to nucleus    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus.
    GO:0009968    negative regulation of signal transduction    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
    GO:0034392    negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process.
    GO:2000077    negative regulation of type B pancreatic cell development    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pancreatic B cell development.
    GO:0007399    nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0018105    peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
    GO:0018107    peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
    GO:0016310    phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
    GO:2000573    positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
    GO:0043547    positive regulation of GTPase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0045773    positive regulation of axon extension    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension.
    GO:0001954    positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell adhesion to an extracellular matrix.
    GO:2000463    positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential    Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
    GO:0010918    positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of establishment or extent of a mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
    GO:1901030    positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0043525    positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
    GO:1901216    positive regulation of neuron death    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:0033138    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
    GO:0010800    positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
    GO:0032436    positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
    GO:0032092    positive regulation of protein binding    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
    GO:0045732    positive regulation of protein catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
    GO:0031334    positive regulation of protein complex assembly    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
    GO:0046827    positive regulation of protein export from nucleus    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of directed movement of proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
    GO:0048661    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:2000738    positive regulation of stem cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0043161    proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
    GO:0046777    protein autophosphorylation    The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
    GO:0006611    protein export from nucleus    The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
    GO:0035372    protein localization to microtubule    A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, a microtubule.
    GO:0006468    protein phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
    GO:0000320    re-entry into mitotic cell cycle    The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.
    GO:0030516    regulation of axon extension    Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension.
    GO:0050770    regulation of axonogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.
    GO:1900034    regulation of cellular response to heat    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular response to heat.
    GO:0048814    regulation of dendrite morphogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
    GO:0006349    regulation of gene expression by genetic imprinting    Heritable alterations in the activity of a gene that depend on whether it passed through the paternal or the maternal germline, but that are not encoded by DNA itself.
    GO:0032886    regulation of microtubule-based process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any cellular process that depends upon or alters the microtubule cytoskeleton.
    GO:0010975    regulation of neuron projection development    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
    GO:0048168    regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity    A process that modulates neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change as circumstances require. They may alter function, such as increasing or decreasing their sensitivity, or they may increase or decrease in actual numbers.
    GO:1902065    response to L-glutamate    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an L-glutamate stimulus.
    GO:0014823    response to activity    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
    GO:1990776    response to angiotensin    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an angiotensin stimulus. Angiotensin is any of three physiologically active peptides (angiotensin II, III, or IV) processed from angiotensinogen.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0071871    response to epinephrine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epinephrine stimulus. Epinephrine is a catecholamine that has the formula C9H13NO3; it is secreted by the adrenal medulla to act as a hormone, and released by certain neurons to act as a neurotransmitter active in the central nervous system.
    GO:0032355    response to estradiol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
    GO:0032868    response to insulin    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:1990418    response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0010226    response to lithium ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus.
    GO:1990478    response to ultrasound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultrasonic stimulus.
    GO:0048511    rhythmic process    Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism.
    GO:0071109    superior temporal gyrus development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the superior temporal gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The superior temporal gyrus is a portion of the cerebral cortex that extends from the lateral sulcus to the superior temporal sulcus.
cellular component
    GO:1990909    Wnt signalosome    A multiprotein protein complex containing membrane-localized Wnt receptors and cytosolic protein complexes, which is capable of transmitting the Wnt signal. Contains at least a Wnt protein, LRP5 or LRP6, a member of the Frizzled (Fz) family, Axin and and a Dishevelled (DVL) protein.
    GO:0030424    axon    The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
    GO:0030877    beta-catenin destruction complex    A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.
    GO:0044297    cell body    The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
    GO:0005813    centrosome    A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0043198    dendritic shaft    Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.
    GO:0043197    dendritic spine    A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
    GO:0030426    growth cone    The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
    GO:0030529    intracellular ribonucleoprotein complex    An intracellular macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0045121    membrane raft    Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
    GO:0043227    membrane-bounded organelle    Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0043025    neuronal cell body    The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        GSK3B_HUMAN | P498411gng 1h8f 1i09 1j1b 1j1c 1o6k 1o6l 1o9u 1pyx 1q3d 1q3w 1q41 1q4l 1q5k 1r0e 1uv5 2jdo 2jdr 2jld 2o5k 2ow3 2uw9 2x39 2xh5 3cqu 3cqw 3du8 3e87 3e88 3e8d 3f7z 3f88 3gb2 3i4b 3l1s 3m1s 3mv5 3ow4 3pup 3q3b 3qkk 3sd0 3zdi 3zrk 3zrl 3zrm 4acc 4acd 4acg 4ach 4afj 4b7t 4dit 4ekk 4iq6 4j1r 4j71 4nm0 4nm3 4nm5 4nm7 4ptc 4pte 4ptg 5f94 5f95 5hln 5hlp 5k5n

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

(no "Related Entries Specified in the PDB File" available for 3SAY)