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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURE OF A PHOTOACTIVATABLE RAC1 CONTAINING LOV2 WILDTYPE
 
Authors :  Y. I. Wu, D. Frey, O. I. Lungu, A. Jaehrig, I. Schlichting, B. Kuhlman, K.
Date :  16 Jun 09  (Deposition) - 18 Aug 09  (Release) - 15 Mar 17  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.90
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A
Keywords :  Transferase, Cell Adhesion, Gtpase, Small G-Protein, Rho Family, Ras Superfamily Lov2, Atp-Binding, Light-Induced Signal Transduction, Lov2, Phototropin1, Nucleotide-Binding Protein Engineering, Protein Design, Chimera (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  Y. I. Wu, D. Frey, O. I. Lungu, A. Jaehrig, I. Schlichting, B. Kuhlman, K. M. Hahn
A Genetically Encoded Photoactivatable Rac Controls The Motility Of Living Cells.
Nature V. 461 104 2009
PubMed-ID: 19693014  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1038/NATURE08241

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - NPH1-1, RAS-RELATED C3 BOTULINUM TOXIN SUBSTRATE 1
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPQE30
    Expression System StrainXL10 GOLD
    Expression System Taxid562
    FragmentNPH1-1, RESIDUES 404-546 AND P21-RAC1, RESIDUES 4-180
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonOAT, HUMAN
    Organism ScientificAVENA SATIVA, HOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid4498, 9606
    SynonymRAC1_HUMAN, P21-RAC1, RAS-LIKE PROTEIN TC25, CELL MIGRATION- INDUCING GENE 5 PROTEIN

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
Asymmetric/Biological Unit A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (4, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (4, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CA1Ligand/IonCALCIUM ION
2FMN1Ligand/IonFLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE
3GTP1Ligand/IonGUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
4MG1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION

(-) Sites  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREGLY A:555 , ALA A:556 , VAL A:557 , GLY A:558 , LYS A:559 , THR A:560 , CYS A:561 , GLY A:573 , TYR A:575 , THR A:578 , GLY A:603 , LYS A:659 , ASP A:661 , LEU A:662 , SER A:701 , ALA A:702 , LEU A:703 , MG A:1726 , HOH A:2130 , HOH A:2137 , HOH A:2168 , HOH A:2306 , HOH A:2307 , HOH A:2308BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GTP A 1724
2AC2SOFTWAREVAL A:416 , THR A:418 , ASN A:425 , ASN A:449 , CYS A:450 , ARG A:451 , LEU A:453 , GLN A:454 , VAL A:463 , ARG A:464 , ILE A:466 , ARG A:467 , ILE A:470 , LEU A:480 , ASN A:482 , ASN A:492 , PHE A:494 , LEU A:496 , PHE A:509 , ILE A:510 , GLY A:511 , GLN A:513 , HOH A:2016 , HOH A:2056 , HOH A:2309 , HOH A:2310 , HOH A:2311 , HOH A:2312 , HOH A:2313BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE FMN A 1725
3AC3SOFTWARETHR A:560 , THR A:578 , GTP A:1724 , HOH A:2137 , HOH A:2168BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG A 1726
4AC4SOFTWAREGLU A:443 , LEU A:446 , ASP A:581 , HOH A:2036 , HOH A:2149 , HOH A:2151BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA A 1727

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2WKP)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2WKP)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (11, 11)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (11, 11)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
01UniProtVAR_014540N26DRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5830AN569D
02UniProtVAR_014541F28LRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5832AF571L
03UniProtVAR_014542A59TRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5837AA602T
04UniProtVAR_014543D63GRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5831AD606G
05UniProtVAR_014545V93GRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5826AV636G
06UniProtVAR_014544V93IRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5825AV636I
07UniProtVAR_014546T108IRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5838AT651I
08UniProtVAR_014547K130RRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5828AK673R
09UniProtVAR_014548K133ERAC1_HUMANPolymorphism5835AK676E
10UniProtVAR_033303T135IRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism11540455AT678I
11UniProtVAR_014549P180SRAC1_HUMANPolymorphism16063AP723S

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1RHOPS51420 small GTPase Rho family profile.RAC1_HUMAN1-176  1A:547-719

(-) Exons   (6, 6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (6, 6)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000003480351aENSE00001876788chr7:6414154-6414401248RAC1_HUMAN1-12121A:544-55512
1.3ENST000003480353ENSE00001676753chr7:6426843-642691472RAC1_HUMAN12-36251A:555-57925
1.5ENST000003480355ENSE00001643043chr7:6431555-6431672118RAC1_HUMAN36-75401A:579-61840
1.7bENST000003480357bENSE00000831659chr7:6439757-643981963RAC1_HUMAN76-96211A:619-63921
1.8bENST000003480358bENSE00001637705chr7:6441499-6441658160RAC1_HUMAN97-150541A:640-69354
1.9fENST000003480359fENSE00001551063chr7:6441947-64436081662RAC1_HUMAN150-192431A:693-72331

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:320
 aligned with O49003_AVESA | O49003 from UniProtKB/TrEMBL  Length:923

    Alignment length:447
                                   413       423       433       443       453       463       473       483       493       503       513       523       533       543       553       563       573       583       593       603       613       623       633       643       653       663       673       683       693       703       713       723       733       743       753       763       773       783       793       803       813       823       833       843       
         O49003_AVESA   404 LATTLERIEKNFVITDPRLPDNPIIFASDSFLQLTEYSREEILGRNCRFLQGPETDRATVRKIRDAIDNQTEVTVQLINYTKSGKKFWNLFHLQPMRDQKGDVQYFIGVQLDGTEHVRDAAEREGVMLIKKTAENIDEAAKELPDANLRPEDLWANHSKVVLPKPHMKDSASWRAIQKVLEGGENIDLKHFRPVKPLGSGDTGSVHLVELLNTGEYFAMKAMDKNVMLNRNKVHRANAEREILDMLDHPFLPTLYASFQTKTHICLITDYYPGGELFLLLDRQPLKVLREDAVRFYAAEVVIALEYLHCQGIIYRDLKPENILLHRDGHISLTDFDLSCLTSCRPQVFLPEEANKKSRRKSRSSPIFFAEPMRASNSFVGTEEYIAPEIITGAGHTSAVDWWALGILLYEMLYGYTPFRGKTRQRTFANILHKDIRFPASISVSLPA 850
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2wkpA02 A:546   -723 P-loop containing n                                       ucleotide tri        phosph       ate hydrolase  s                                                                                                                                                                                 CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------PAS_9-2wkpA02 A:413-518                                                                                   -----------------------------Ras-2wkpA01--- A:548-721              ---------------------------------------             --------      -------             --          -----------------                       ----                 --------           -               -              --------------------------------             -----    -- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhh...eeee........eeeehhhhhhhhh.hhhhhh..hhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeee....h---hhhhhhhhhhh..........eee---------------------------------------eeeeeee..eeee--------eeeeee-------..hhhhh.hhhhh--h....eeeee-----------------ee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh----h....eeeeeehhhhh.--------hhhhhhhhhhh-.....hhhhhhhhhh-hhh..eeee.....--------------------------------..hhhhhhhhhhh-----hhhh.. Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D-L------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T---G------------------------------------------------G------------------I-----------------------------R---E-I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------S SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2wkp A 404 LATTLERIEKNFVITDPRLPDNPIIFASDSFLQLTEYSREEILGRNCRFLQGPETDRATVRKIRDAIDNQTEVTVQLINYTKSGKKFWNLFHLQPMRDQKGDVQYFIGVQLDGTEHVRDAAEREGVMLIKKTAENIDEAAKELIKCVVVGDGAVG---KTCLLISYTTNAFPGEYIPTVFDN---------------------------------------YSANVMVDGKPVN--------LGLWDT-------AGLEDYDRLRPLS--YPQTDVFLIC-----------------FSLVSPASFHHVRAKWYPEVRHH----CPNTPIILVGTKLDLRD--------DKDTIEKLKEK-KLTPITYPQGLAMAK-EIGAVKYLECSALT--------------------------------QRGLKTVFDEAIR-----AVLCPP 723
                                   413       423       433       443       453       463       473       483       493       503       513       523       533       543       553    |  560       570       580 |       -         -         -         - |     591   |     -  |    | -     | 606       | -|      624         -       627       637       647    |  653       663|      665       675 |     684     | 693       703|        -         -         -   |   711     |   - |     
                                                                                                                                                                                    558 559                    582                                     583         595      596  601     602         614  |      624               625                   647  648             664      665       675 |           690 |          704                              705         717   718     
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        615                                                                                        676             691                                                                     

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:320
 aligned with RAC1_HUMAN | P63000 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:192

    Alignment length:320
                                                                                                                                                                        1                                                                                                                                                                                   
                                     -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -|       10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180
           RAC1_HUMAN     - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MQAIKCVVVGDGAVGKTCLLISYTTNAFPGEYIPTVFDNYSANVMVDGKPVNLGLWDTAGQEDYDRLRPLSYPQTDVFLICFSLVSPASFENVRAKWYPEVRHHCPNTPIILVGTKLDLRDDKDTIEKLKEKKLTPITYPQGLAMAKEIGAVKYLECSALTQRGLKTVFDEAIRAVLCPP 180
               SCOP domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2wkpA02 A:546-723 P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases                                                                                                             CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------PAS_9-2wkpA02 A:413-518                                                                                   -----------------------------Ras-2wkpA01 A:548-721                                                                                                                                                         -- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhh...eeee........eeeehhhhhhhhh.hhhhhh..hhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhh..........eeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeee..hhhhh.hhhhhh....eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeehhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D-L------------------------------T---G-----------------------------G--------------I---------------------R--E-I--------------------------------------------S SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------RHO  PDB: A:547-719 UniProt: 1-176                                                                                                                                              ---- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.1a   -----------------------Exon 1.5  PDB: A:579-618 UniProt: 36-75 Exon 1.7b            Exon 1.8b  PDB: A:640-693 UniProt: 97-150             ------------------------------ Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.3  PDB: A:555-579 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9f  PDB: A:693-723       Transcript 1 (2)
                 2wkp A 404 LATTLERIEKNFVITDPRLPDNPIIFASDSFLQLTEYSREEILGRNCRFLQGPETDRATVRKIRDAIDNQTEVTVQLINYTKSGKKFWNLFHLQPMRDQKGDVQYFIGVQLDGTEHVRDAAEREGVMLIKKTAENIDEAAKELIKCVVVGDGAVGKTCLLISYTTNAFPGEYIPTVFDNYSANVMVDGKPVNLGLWDTAGLEDYDRLRPLSYPQTDVFLICFSLVSPASFHHVRAKWYPEVRHHCPNTPIILVGTKLDLRDDKDTIEKLKEKKLTPITYPQGLAMAKEIGAVKYLECSALTQRGLKTVFDEAIRAVLCPP 723
                                   413       423       433       443       453       463       473       483       493       503       513       523       533       543       553       563       573       583       593       603       613       623       633       643       653       663       673       683       693       703       713       723

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2WKP)

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Family: Ras (176)
(-)
Clan: PAS_Fold (84)

(-) Gene Ontology  (117, 118)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (O49003_AVESA | O49003)
molecular function
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0000155    phosphorelay sensor kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of a histidine residue in response to detection of an extracellular signal such as a chemical ligand or change in environment, to initiate a change in cell state or activity. The two-component sensor is a histidine kinase that autophosphorylates a histidine residue in its active site. The phosphate is then transferred to an aspartate residue in a downstream response regulator, to trigger a response.
    GO:0004672    protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
    GO:0004674    protein serine/threonine kinase activity    Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
biological process
    GO:0000160    phosphorelay signal transduction system    A conserved series of molecular signals found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; involves autophosphorylation of a histidine kinase and the transfer of the phosphate group to an aspartate that then acts as a phospho-donor to response regulator proteins.
    GO:0006468    protein phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
    GO:0023014    signal transduction by protein phosphorylation    A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.
cellular component
    GO:0005622    intracellular    The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Chain A   (RAC1_HUMAN | P63000)
molecular function
    GO:0005525    GTP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
    GO:0030742    GTP-dependent protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP.
    GO:0003924    GTPase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.
    GO:0017137    Rab GTPase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rab protein, any member of the Rab subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
    GO:0051022    Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0042826    histone deacetylase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone deacetylase.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0031996    thioesterase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme.
biological process
    GO:0038095    Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region.
    GO:0038096    Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis    An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.
    GO:0007186    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
    GO:0031295    T cell costimulation    The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.
    GO:0060071    Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.
    GO:0030036    actin cytoskeleton organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0007015    actin filament organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
    GO:0030041    actin filament polymerization    Assembly of actin filaments by the addition of actin monomers to a filament.
    GO:0048532    anatomical structure arrangement    The process that gives rise to the configuration of the constituent parts of an anatomical structure. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
    GO:0009653    anatomical structure morphogenesis    The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form.
    GO:0002093    auditory receptor cell morphogenesis    Any process that alters the size or shape of an auditory receptor cell.
    GO:0007411    axon guidance    The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
    GO:0007596    blood coagulation    The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
    GO:0045453    bone resorption    The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.
    GO:0007155    cell adhesion    The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
    GO:0016477    cell migration    The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
    GO:0048870    cell motility    Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another.
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0045216    cell-cell junction organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells.
    GO:0007160    cell-matrix adhesion    The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0071260    cellular response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0021894    cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron over time, from initial commitment to its fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0021799    cerebral cortex radially oriented cell migration    The migration of cells in the developing cerebral cortex in which cells move from the ventricular and/or subventricular zone toward the surface of the brain.
    GO:0006935    chemotaxis    The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis).
    GO:0090103    cochlea morphogenesis    The process in which the cochlea is generated and organized.
    GO:0007010    cytoskeleton organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures.
    GO:0016358    dendrite development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendrite over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
    GO:0048813    dendrite morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendrite are generated and organized. A dendrite is a freely branching protoplasmic process of a nerve cell.
    GO:0071542    dopaminergic neuron differentiation    The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine.
    GO:0021831    embryonic olfactory bulb interneuron precursor migration    The directed movement of individual interneuron precursors during the embryonic development of the olfactory bulb.
    GO:0006897    endocytosis    A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
    GO:0043652    engulfment of apoptotic cell    The removal of the apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte.
    GO:0048013    ephrin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.
    GO:0003382    epithelial cell morphogenesis    The change in form that occurs when an epithelial cell progresses from its initial formation to its mature state.
    GO:0048873    homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue    Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.
    GO:0006972    hyperosmotic response    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a hyperosmotic environment, i.e. an environment with a higher concentration of solutes than the organism or cell.
    GO:0006954    inflammatory response    The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
    GO:0035556    intracellular signal transduction    The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
    GO:0030032    lamellipodium assembly    Formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
    GO:0051668    localization within membrane    Any process in which a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within a membrane.
    GO:0002551    mast cell chemotaxis    The movement of a mast cell in response to an external stimulus.
    GO:0006928    movement of cell or subcellular component    The directed, self-propelled movement of a cell or subcellular component without the involvement of an external agent such as a transporter or a pore.
    GO:0032707    negative regulation of interleukin-23 production    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production.
    GO:0048261    negative regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of receptor mediated endocytosis, the uptake of external materials by cells, utilizing receptors to ensure specificity of transport.
    GO:0048812    neuron projection morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a neuron projection are generated and organized. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites.
    GO:0035567    non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via effectors other than beta-catenin.
    GO:0006911    phagocytosis, engulfment    The internalization of bacteria, immune complexes and other particulate matter or of an apoptotic cell by phagocytosis, including the membrane and cytoskeletal processes required, which involves one of three mechanisms: zippering of pseudopods around a target via repeated receptor-ligand interactions, sinking of the target directly into plasma membrane of the phagocytosing cell, or induced uptake via an enhanced membrane ruffling of the phagocytosing cell similar to macropinocytosis.
    GO:0030168    platelet activation    A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.
    GO:0045740    positive regulation of DNA replication    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
    GO:0035025    positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho protein signal transduction.
    GO:0030838    positive regulation of actin filament polymerization    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin polymerization.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0010811    positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0051894    positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
    GO:0010592    positive regulation of lamellipodium assembly    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the formation of a lamellipodium, a thin sheetlike extension of the surface of a migrating cell.
    GO:0090023    positive regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis    Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of neutrophil chemotaxis. Neutrophil chemotaxis is the directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding.
    GO:0043552    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
    GO:0001934    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0051496    positive regulation of stress fiber assembly    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a stress fiber, a bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
    GO:1900026    positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
    GO:0072659    protein localization to plasma membrane    A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane.
    GO:0030334    regulation of cell migration    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0022604    regulation of cell morphogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell morphogenesis. Cell morphogenesis is the developmental process in which the shape of a cell is generated and organized.
    GO:0008361    regulation of cell size    Any process that modulates the size of a cell.
    GO:0050690    regulation of defense response to virus by virus    Any viral process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the antiviral response of the host cell or organism.
    GO:0010762    regulation of fibroblast migration    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium.
    GO:0010310    regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
    GO:0014041    regulation of neuron maturation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation, the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a neuron. This process is independent of morphogenetic change.
    GO:0060263    regulation of respiratory burst    Any process that modulates the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0051056    regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
    GO:0009611    response to wounding    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
    GO:0097178    ruffle assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork. The formation of ruffles (also called membrane ruffling) is thought to be controlled by a group of enzymes known as Rho GTPases, specifically RhoA, Rac1 and cdc42.
    GO:0031529    ruffle organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a ruffle, a projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell.
    GO:0071526    semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a semaphorin receptor (composed of a plexin and a neurophilin) binding to a semaphorin ligand.
    GO:0007264    small GTPase mediated signal transduction    Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
    GO:0034446    substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading    The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.
    GO:0051932    synaptic transmission, GABAergic    The vesicular release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of GABA receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
    GO:0048010    vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cellular component
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0005884    actin filament    A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0036464    cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule    A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm.
    GO:0031410    cytoplasmic vesicle    A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0031901    early endosome membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0019897    extrinsic component of plasma membrane    The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
    GO:0005925    focal adhesion    Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
    GO:0030027    lamellipodium    A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
    GO:0042470    melanosome    A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0001891    phagocytic cup    An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0032587    ruffle membrane    The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.
    GO:0005802    trans-Golgi network    The network of interconnected tubular and cisternal structures located within the Golgi apparatus on the side distal to the endoplasmic reticulum, from which secretory vesicles emerge. The trans-Golgi network is important in the later stages of protein secretion where it is thought to play a key role in the sorting and targeting of secreted proteins to the correct destination.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        RAC1_HUMAN | P630001e96 1foe 1g4u 1he1 1hh4 1i4d 1i4l 1i4t 1mh1 1ryf 1ryh 2fju 2h7v 2nz8 2p2l 2rmk 2vrw 2wkq 2wkr 2yin 3b13 3bji 3ryt 3sbd 3sbe 3su8 3sua 3th5 4gzl 4gzm 4yon 5fi0 5hzh 5o33
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
        O49003_AVESA | O490032v0u 2v0w 2v1a 2v1b 2wkq 2wkr 4wf0 5efw 5hzh 5hzi 5hzj 5hzk

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1e96 STRUCTURE OF THE RAC/P67PHOX COMPLEX
1foe CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RAC1 IN COMPLEX WITH THE GUANINENUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE REGION OF TIAM1
1g4u CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SALMONELLA TYROSINE PHOSPHATASEAND GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEIN SPTP BOUND TO RAC1
1he1 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN THE GAP DOMAIN OF THE PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA EXOS TOXIN AND HUMAN RAC
1hh4 RAC1-RHOGDI COMPLEX INVOLVED IN NADPH OXIDASE ACTIVATION
1i4d CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF RAC1-GDP COMPLEXED WITHARFAPTIN (P21)
1i4l CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF RAC1-GDP IN COMPLEX WITHARFAPTIN (P41)
1i4t CRYSTAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF RAC1-GMPPNP IN COMPLEX WITHARFAPTIN
1mh1 SMALL G-PROTEIN
1ryf ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF RAC1 GENERATES RAC1B , A SELF-ACTIVATING GTPASE
1ryh ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF RAC1 GENERATES RAC1B , A SELF-ACTIVATING GTPASE
2fju ACTIVATED RAC1 BOUND TO ITS EFFECTOR PHOSPHOLIPASE C BETA 2
2v0u N- AND C-TERMINAL HELICES OF OAT LOV2 ( 404-546) ARE INVOLVED IN LIGHT-INDUCED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION (CRYO DARK STRUCTURE OF LOV2 (404- 546))
2v0w N- AND C-TERMINAL HELICES OF OAT LOV2 ( 404-546) ARE INVOLVED IN LIGHT-INDUCED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION (CRYO-TRAPPED LIGHT STRUCTURE OF LOV2 (404-546))
2v1a N- AND C-TERMINAL HELICES OF OAT LOV2 ( 404-546) ARE INVOLVED IN LIGHT-INDUCED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION (ROOM TEMPERATURE (293K) DARK STRUCTURE OF LOV2 (404-546))
2v1b N- AND C-TERMINAL HELICES OF OAT LOV2 ( 404-546) ARE INVOLVED IN LIGHT-INDUCED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION (ROOM TEMPERATURE (293K) LIGHT STRUCTURE OF LOV2 (404-546))
2vrw CRITICAL STRUCTURAL ROLE FOR THE PH AND C1 DOMAINS OF THE VAV1 EXCHANGE FACTOR
2wkq STRUCTURE OF A PHOTOACTIVATABLE RAC1 CONTAINING THE LOV2 C450A MUTANT
2wkr STRUCTURE OF A PHOTOACTIVATABLE RAC1 CONTAINING THE LOV2 C450M MUTANT