| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0005525 | | GTP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate. |
| | GO:0030742 | | GTP-dependent protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP. |
| | GO:0003924 | | GTPase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate. |
| | GO:0051022 | | Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein. |
| | GO:0034191 | | apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an apolipoprotein A-I receptor. |
| | GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| | GO:0031435 | | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase. |
| | GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0019901 | | protein kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. |
| | GO:0031996 | | thioesterase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme. |
| | GO:0061630 | | ubiquitin protein ligase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S -> X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0038096 | | Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis | | An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. |
| | GO:0007030 | | Golgi organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus. |
| | GO:0031295 | | T cell costimulation | | The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation. |
| | GO:0060071 | | Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity. |
| | GO:0030036 | | actin cytoskeleton organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| | GO:0090135 | | actin filament branching | | The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments. |
| | GO:0051017 | | actin filament bundle assembly | | The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness. |
| | GO:0007015 | | actin filament organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking. |
| | GO:0034332 | | adherens junction organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. |
| | GO:0007596 | | blood coagulation | | The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers. |
| | GO:0060070 | | canonical Wnt signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. |
| | GO:0003161 | | cardiac conduction system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. |
| | GO:0030154 | | cell differentiation | | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. |
| | GO:0034613 | | cellular protein localization | | Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. |
| | GO:0036336 | | dendritic cell migration | | The movement of a dendritic cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body. |
| | GO:0006897 | | endocytosis | | A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. |
| | GO:0048013 | | ephrin receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin. |
| | GO:0048730 | | epidermis morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. |
| | GO:0090136 | | epithelial cell-cell adhesion | | The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules. |
| | GO:0060684 | | epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling | | Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted. |
| | GO:0051683 | | establishment of Golgi localization | | The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location. |
| | GO:0035088 | | establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity | | Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components. |
| | GO:0007163 | | establishment or maintenance of cell polarity | | Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns. |
| | GO:0046847 | | filopodium assembly | | The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| | GO:0031069 | | hair follicle morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0060789 | | hair follicle placode formation | | The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud. |
| | GO:0060047 | | heart contraction | | The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body. |
| | GO:0031424 | | keratinization | | The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns. |
| | GO:0003334 | | keratinocyte development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0030225 | | macrophage differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage. |
| | GO:0035264 | | multicellular organism growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. |
| | GO:0042059 | | negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| | GO:0010629 | | negative regulation of gene expression | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| | GO:0031333 | | negative regulation of protein complex assembly | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. |
| | GO:0007399 | | nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. |
| | GO:0048664 | | neuron fate determination | | The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. |
| | GO:0007097 | | nuclear migration | | The directed movement of the nucleus. |
| | GO:0051647 | | nucleus localization | | Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell. |
| | GO:0072384 | | organelle transport along microtubule | | The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination. |
| | GO:0045740 | | positive regulation of DNA replication | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
| | GO:0046330 | | positive regulation of JNK cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. |
| | GO:0043410 | | positive regulation of MAPK cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. |
| | GO:0030307 | | positive regulation of cell growth | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| | GO:0032467 | | positive regulation of cytokinesis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells. |
| | GO:0060501 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis | | Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape. |
| | GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| | GO:0071338 | | positive regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0090316 | | positive regulation of intracellular protein transport | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells. |
| | GO:0051149 | | positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0043525 | | positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. |
| | GO:0033138 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| | GO:0043552 | | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. |
| | GO:0001934 | | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| | GO:0031274 | | positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia. |
| | GO:1900026 | | positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading. |
| | GO:0051835 | | positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity. |
| | GO:0016567 | | protein ubiquitination | | The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein. |
| | GO:0051988 | | regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore. |
| | GO:0051489 | | regulation of filopodium assembly | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone. |
| | GO:0007088 | | regulation of mitotic nuclear division | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. |
| | GO:0042176 | | regulation of protein catabolic process | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
| | GO:0043497 | | regulation of protein heterodimerization activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| | GO:0045859 | | regulation of protein kinase activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. |
| | GO:0051246 | | regulation of protein metabolic process | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein. |
| | GO:0031647 | | regulation of protein stability | | Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation. |
| | GO:0051056 | | regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction. |
| | GO:0016337 | | single organismal cell-cell adhesion | | The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism. |
| | GO:0007264 | | small GTPase mediated signal transduction | | Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals. |
| | GO:0002040 | | sprouting angiogenesis | | The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells. |
| | GO:0060661 | | submandibular salivary gland formation | | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed. |
| | GO:0021762 | | substantia nigra development | | The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis). |
| | GO:0048010 | | vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0000139 | | Golgi membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus. |
| | GO:0045177 | | apical part of cell | | The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue. |
| | GO:0071944 | | cell periphery | | The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. |
| | GO:0042995 | | cell projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon. |
| | GO:0005911 | | cell-cell junction | | A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0036464 | | cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule | | A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm. |
| | GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0005789 | | endoplasmic reticulum membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| | GO:0070062 | | extracellular exosome | | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. |
| | GO:0030175 | | filopodium | | Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft. |
| | GO:0005925 | | focal adhesion | | Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. |
| | GO:0031256 | | leading edge membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell. |
| | GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| | GO:0005815 | | microtubule organizing center | | An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides. |
| | GO:0030496 | | midbody | | A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis. |
| | GO:0072686 | | mitotic spindle | | A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules. |
| | GO:0043209 | | myelin sheath | | An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system. |
| | GO:0043005 | | neuron projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. |
| | GO:0043025 | | neuronal cell body | | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
| | GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| | GO:0030141 | | secretory granule | | A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. |
| | GO:0005819 | | spindle | | The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart. |
| | GO:0051233 | | spindle midzone | | The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap. |
| | GO:0000322 | | storage vacuole | | A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules. |
Description
