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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN DOCK9 AND CDC42.
 
Authors :  J. Yang, S. M. Roe, D. Barford
Date :  02 Jul 09  (Deposition) - 22 Sep 09  (Release) - 22 Sep 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.20
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (2x)
Keywords :  Polymorphism, Cell Membrane, Phosphoprotein, Nucleotide-Binding, Alternative Splicing, Guanine-Nucleotide Releasing Factor, Cell Cycle, Methylation, Lipoprotein, Coiled Coil, Gtp-Binding, Gefs, Dock9, Cdc42, Membrane, Prenylation (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  J. Yang, Z. Zhang, S. M. Roe, C. J. Marshall, D. Barford
Activation Of Rho Gtpases By Dock Exchange Factors Is Mediated By A Nucleotide Sensor.
Science V. 325 1398 2009
PubMed-ID: 19745154  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1126/SCIENCE.1174468

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - DEDICATOR OF CYTOKINESIS PROTEIN 9
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    FragmentDHR2 DOMAIN, RESIDUES 1605-1652,1676-2053
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymCDC42 GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE FACTOR ZIZIMIN-1, DOCK9
 
Molecule 2 - CELL DIVISION CONTROL PROTEIN 42 HOMOLOG
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymG25K GTP-BINDING PROTEIN, CDC42

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (2x)AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GTP1Ligand/IonGUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
2MG1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GTP2Ligand/IonGUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
2MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION

(-) Sites  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREASP B:11 , GLY B:12 , ALA B:13 , VAL B:14 , GLY B:15 , LYS B:16 , THR B:17 , CYS B:18 , GLY B:60 , GLN B:61 , GLN B:116 , ASP B:118 , LEU B:119 , SER B:158 , ALA B:159 , LEU B:160 , MG B:1179 , HOH B:2069 , HOH B:2070 , HOH B:2072 , HOH B:2073BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GTP B1178
2AC2SOFTWARETHR B:17 , GTP B:1178 , HOH B:2070BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG B1179

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2WMO)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Phe A:287 -Pro A:288

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_076337Y64CCDC42_HUMANDisease (TKS)864309721BY64C

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_076337Y64CCDC42_HUMANDisease (TKS)864309721BY64C

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1RHOPS51420 small GTPase Rho family profile.CDC42_HUMAN1-176  1B:1-176
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1RHOPS51420 small GTPase Rho family profile.CDC42_HUMAN1-176  2B:1-176

(-) Exons   (5, 5)

Asymmetric Unit (5, 5)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000004002591aENSE00001132068chr1:22379120-22379235116CDC42_HUMAN-00--
1.4ENST000004002594ENSE00002144782chr1:22404922-22405076155CDC42_HUMAN1-35351B:1-3535
1.6ENST000004002596ENSE00000388403chr1:22408215-2240828773CDC42_HUMAN36-60251B:36-6025
1.7ENST000004002597ENSE00000759640chr1:22412932-22413041110CDC42_HUMAN60-96371B:60-9637
1.8bENST000004002598bENSE00000388405chr1:22413162-22413359198CDC42_HUMAN97-162661B:97-16266
1.10aENST0000040025910aENSE00001357650chr1:22417921-224194161496CDC42_HUMAN163-191291B:163-17715

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:403
 aligned with DOCK9_HUMAN | Q9BZ29 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:2069

    Alignment length:460
                                  1618      1628      1638      1648      1658      1668      1678      1688      1698      1708      1718      1728      1738      1748      1758      1768      1778      1788      1798      1808      1818      1828      1838      1848      1858      1868      1878      1888      1898      1908      1918      1928      1938      1948      1958      1968      1978      1988      1998      2008      2018      2028      2038      2048      2058      2068
         DOCK9_HUMAN   1609 STPELRKTWLDSMARIHVKNGDLSEAAMCYVHVTALVAEYLTRKEAVQWEPPLLPHSHSACLRRSRGGVFRQGCTAFRVITPNIDEEASMMEDVGMQDVHFNEDVLMELLEQCADGLWKAERYELIADIYKLIIPIYEKRRDFERLAHLYDTLHRAYSKVTEVMHSGRRLLGTYFRVAFFGQAAQYQFTDSETDVEGFFEDEDGKEYIYKEPKLTPLSEISQRLLKLYSDKFGSENVKMIQDSGKVNPKDLDSKYAYIQVTHVIPFFDEKELQERKTEFERSHNIRRFMFEMPFTQTGKRQGGVEEQCKRRTILTAIHCFPYVKKRIPVMYQHHTDLNPIEVAIDEMSKKVAELRQLCSSAEVDMIKLQLKLQGSVSVQVNAGPLAYARAFLDDTNTKRYPDNKVKLLKEVFRQFVEACGQALAVNERLIKEDQLEYQEEMKANYREMAKELSEIMHEQL 2068
               SCOP domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh-----------------------.....hhhhh...hhhhhhh.-----------..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eeeeeeeeh--------------hhhhhhhh..eeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.............hhhhh....eeeeeeeeee..hhhhhhhh..hhhhh..eeeeeeeeee.............eeeeeeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeeeeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.---..hhhhhhhhhh.------.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                2wmo A    5 STPELRKTWLDSMARIHVKNGDLSEAAMCYVHVTALVAEYLTRK-----------------------GVFRQGCTAFRVITPNIDEEA-----------HFNEDVLMELLEQCADGLWKAERYELIADIYKLIIPIYEKRRDFERLAHLYDTLHRAYSKVTEVMHSGRRLLGTYFRVAFFG--------------QGFFEDEDGKEYIYKEPKLTPLSEISQRLLKLYSDKFGSENVKMIQDSGKVNPKDLDSKYAYIQVTHVIPFFDEKELQERKTEFERSHNIRRFMFEMPFTQTGKRQGGVEEQCKRRTILTAIHCFPYVKKRIPVMYQHHTDLNPIEVAIDEMSKKVAELRQLCSSAEVDMIKLQLKLQGSVSV---AGPLAYARAFLDD------PDNKVKLLKEVFRQFVEACGQALAVNERLIKEDQLEYQEEMKANYREMAKELSEIMHEQL  427
                                    14        24        34        44   |     -         -       |51        61       | -        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161|        -     | 167       177       187       197       207       217       227       237       247       257       267       277       287       297       307       317       327       337       | - |     357   |     -|      377       387       397       407       417       427
                                                                      48                      49                  69          81                                                                              162            163                                                                                                                                                                                   345 349         361    368                                                           

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:178
 aligned with CDC42_HUMAN | P60953 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:191

    Alignment length:178
                             1                                                                                                                                                                                
                             |       9        19        29        39        49        59        69        79        89        99       109       119       129       139       149       159       169        
         CDC42_HUMAN      - -MQTIKCVVVGDGAVGKTCLLISYTTNKFPSEYVPTVFDNYAVTVMIGGEPYTLGLFDTAGQEDYDRLRPLSYPQTDVFLVCFSVVSPSSFENVKEKWVPEITHHCPKTPFLLVGTQIDLRDDPSTIEKLAKNKQKPITPETAEKLARDLKAVKYVECSALTQKGLKNVFDEAILAAL  177
               SCOP domains d2wmob_ B: CDC42                                                                                                                                                                   SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2wmoB00 B:0-177 P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases                                                                                                               CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhh.......eeeeeee..eeeeeeee....hhhhh.hhhhhh....eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhh...eee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------------------------------------------------------C----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -RHO  PDB: B:1-176 UniProt: 1-176                                                                                                                                                - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) -Exon 1.4  PDB: B:1-35 UniProt: 1-35Exon 1.6  PDB: B:36-60   ------------------------------------Exon 1.8b  PDB: B:97-162 UniProt: 97-162                          Exon 1.10a      Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.7  PDB: B:60-96 UniProt: 60-96--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                2wmo B    0 HMQTIKCVVVGDGAVGKTCLLISYTTNKFPSEYVPTVFDNYAVTVMIGGEPYTLGLFDTAGQEDYDRLRPLSYPQTDVFLVCFSVVSPSSFENVKEKWVPEITHHCPKTPFLLVGTQIDLRDDPSTIEKLAKNKQKPITPETAEKLARDLKAVKYVECSALTQKGLKNVFDEAILAAL  177
                                     9        19        29        39        49        59        69        79        89        99       109       119       129       139       149       159       169        

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2WMO)

(-) Gene Ontology  (114, 119)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (DOCK9_HUMAN | Q9BZ29)
molecular function
    GO:0005085    guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity    Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
    GO:0008150    biological_process    Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end.
    GO:0007596    blood coagulation    The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
    GO:0043547    positive regulation of GTPase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
    GO:0007264    small GTPase mediated signal transduction    Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
cellular component
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0012505    endomembrane system    A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.

Chain B   (CDC42_HUMAN | P60953)
molecular function
    GO:0005525    GTP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
    GO:0030742    GTP-dependent protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules) using energy from the hydrolysis of GTP.
    GO:0003924    GTPase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.
    GO:0051022    Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor protein.
    GO:0034191    apolipoprotein A-I receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an apolipoprotein A-I receptor.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0031435    mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0031996    thioesterase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme.
    GO:0061630    ubiquitin protein ligase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S -> X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues.
biological process
    GO:0038096    Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis    An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.
    GO:0007030    Golgi organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0031295    T cell costimulation    The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.
    GO:0060071    Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors signal via downstream effectors including C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to modulate cytoskeletal elements and control cell polarity.
    GO:0030036    actin cytoskeleton organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0090135    actin filament branching    The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments.
    GO:0051017    actin filament bundle assembly    The assembly of actin filament bundles; actin filaments are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
    GO:0007015    actin filament organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
    GO:0034332    adherens junction organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
    GO:0007596    blood coagulation    The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
    GO:0060070    canonical Wnt signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0003161    cardiac conduction system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat.
    GO:0030154    cell differentiation    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
    GO:0034613    cellular protein localization    Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell.
    GO:0036336    dendritic cell migration    The movement of a dendritic cell within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
    GO:0006897    endocytosis    A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.
    GO:0048013    ephrin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.
    GO:0048730    epidermis morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
    GO:0090136    epithelial cell-cell adhesion    The attachment of an epithelial cell to another epithelial cell via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0060684    epithelial-mesenchymal cell signaling    Any process that results in the transfer of information from an epithelial cell to a mesenchymal cell where it is interpreted.
    GO:0051683    establishment of Golgi localization    The directed movement of the Golgi to a specific location.
    GO:0035088    establishment or maintenance of apical/basal cell polarity    Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance polarization of a cell's architecture along its apical/basal axis so that the apical and basal regions of the cell have different membrane, extracellular matrix and sub-membrane cellular components.
    GO:0007163    establishment or maintenance of cell polarity    Any cellular process that results in the specification, formation or maintenance of anisotropic intracellular organization or cell growth patterns.
    GO:0046847    filopodium assembly    The assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
    GO:0031069    hair follicle morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.
    GO:0060789    hair follicle placode formation    The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud.
    GO:0060047    heart contraction    The multicellular organismal process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
    GO:0031424    keratinization    The process in which the cytoplasm of the outermost cells of the vertebrate epidermis is replaced by keratin. Keratinization occurs in the stratum corneum, feathers, hair, claws, nails, hooves, and horns.
    GO:0003334    keratinocyte development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a keratinocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0030225    macrophage differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of a macrophage.
    GO:0035264    multicellular organism growth    The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth.
    GO:0042059    negative regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
    GO:0010629    negative regulation of gene expression    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0031333    negative regulation of protein complex assembly    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
    GO:0007399    nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0048664    neuron fate determination    The process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a neuron regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed.
    GO:0007097    nuclear migration    The directed movement of the nucleus.
    GO:0051647    nucleus localization    Any process in which the nucleus is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
    GO:0072384    organelle transport along microtubule    The directed movement of an organelle along a microtubule, mediated by motor proteins. This process begins with the attachment of an organelle to a microtubule, and ends when the organelle reaches its final destination.
    GO:0045740    positive regulation of DNA replication    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
    GO:0046330    positive regulation of JNK cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade.
    GO:0043410    positive regulation of MAPK cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
    GO:0030307    positive regulation of cell growth    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:0032467    positive regulation of cytokinesis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell, and its separation into two daughter cells.
    GO:0060501    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis    Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0071338    positive regulation of hair follicle cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of hair follicle cell proliferation.
    GO:0090316    positive regulation of intracellular protein transport    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
    GO:0051149    positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation.
    GO:0043525    positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
    GO:0033138    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
    GO:0043552    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
    GO:0001934    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0031274    positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of pseudopodia.
    GO:1900026    positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading.
    GO:0051835    positive regulation of synapse structural plasticity    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic structural plasticity.
    GO:0016567    protein ubiquitination    The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
    GO:0051988    regulation of attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the attachment of spindle microtubules to the kinetochore.
    GO:0051489    regulation of filopodium assembly    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the assembly of a filopodium, a thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone.
    GO:0007088    regulation of mitotic nuclear division    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
    GO:0042176    regulation of protein catabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
    GO:0043497    regulation of protein heterodimerization activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0045859    regulation of protein kinase activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
    GO:0051246    regulation of protein metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
    GO:0031647    regulation of protein stability    Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
    GO:0051056    regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
    GO:0016337    single organismal cell-cell adhesion    The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism.
    GO:0007264    small GTPase mediated signal transduction    Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
    GO:0002040    sprouting angiogenesis    The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells.
    GO:0060661    submandibular salivary gland formation    The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a submandibular salivary gland. This process begins with a thickening of the epithelium next to the tongue and ends when a bud linked to the oral surface is formed.
    GO:0021762    substantia nigra development    The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
    GO:0048010    vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cellular component
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0045177    apical part of cell    The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue.
    GO:0071944    cell periphery    The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0005911    cell-cell junction    A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0036464    cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule    A ribonucleoprotein granule located in the cytoplasm.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0030175    filopodium    Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
    GO:0005925    focal adhesion    Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
    GO:0031256    leading edge membrane    The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005815    microtubule organizing center    An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides.
    GO:0030496    midbody    A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
    GO:0072686    mitotic spindle    A spindle that forms as part of mitosis. Mitotic and meiotic spindles contain distinctive complements of proteins associated with microtubules.
    GO:0043209    myelin sheath    An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
    GO:0043005    neuron projection    A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
    GO:0043025    neuronal cell body    The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0030141    secretory granule    A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
    GO:0005819    spindle    The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
    GO:0051233    spindle midzone    The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
    GO:0000322    storage vacuole    A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        CDC42_HUMAN | P609531a4r 1aje 1am4 1an0 1cee 1cf4 1doa 1e0a 1ees 1grn 1gzs 1ki1 1kz7 1kzg 1nf3 2ase 2dfk 2kb0 2ngr 2odb 2qrz 2wm9 2wmn 3gcg 3qbv 3vhl 4did 4itr 4js0 4yc7 4ydh 5cjp 5fi1 5hzk
        DOCK9_HUMAN | Q9BZ291wg7 2wm9 2wmn

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1a4r G12V MUTANT OF HUMAN PLACENTAL CDC42 GTPASE IN THE GDP FORM
1aje CDC42 FROM HUMAN, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES
1am4 COMPLEX BETWEEN CDC42HS.GMPPNP AND P50 RHOGAP (H. SAPIENS)
1an0 CDC42HS-GDP COMPLEX
1cee SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF CDC42 IN COMPLEX WITH THE GTPASE BINDING DOMAIN OF WASP
1cf4 CDC42/ACK GTPASE-BINDING DOMAIN COMPLEX
1doa STRUCTURE OF THE RHO FAMILY GTP-BINDING PROTEIN CDC42 INCOMPLEX WITH THE MULTIFUNCTIONAL REGULATOR RHOGDI
1e0a CDC42 COMPLEXED WITH THE GTPASE BINDING DOMAIN OF P21 ACTIVATED KINASE
1ees SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF CDC42HS COMPLEXED WITH A PEPTIDE DERIVED FROM P-21 ACTIVATED KINASE, NMR, 20 STRUCTURES
1grn CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE CDC42/CDC42GAP/ALF3 COMPLEX.
1gzs CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN THE GEF DOMAIN OF THE SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM SOPE TOXIN AND HUMAN CDC42
1ki1 GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE REGION OF INTERSECTIN INCOMPLEX WITH CDC42
1kz7 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE DH/PH FRAGMENT OF MURINE DBS INCOMPLEX WITH THE PLACENTAL ISOFORM OF HUMAN CDC42
1kzg DBSCDC42(Y889F)
1nf3 STRUCTURE OF CDC42 IN A COMPLEX WITH THE GTPASE-BINDINGDOMAIN OF THE CELL POLARITY PROTEIN, PAR6
1wg7 SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN FROM HUMANKIAA1058 PROTEIN
2ase NMR STRUCTURE OF THE F28L MUTANT OF CDC42HS
2dfk CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE CDC42-COLLYBISTIN II COMPLEX
2ngr TRANSITION STATE COMPLEX FOR GTP HYDROLYSIS BY CDC42: COMPARISONS OF THE HIGH RESOLUTION STRUCTURES FOR CDC42 BOUND TO THE ACTIVE AND CATALYTICALLY COMPROMISED FORMS OF THE CDC42-GAP.
2wm9 STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN DOCK9 AND CDC42.
2wmn STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN DOCK9 AND CDC42-GDP.