molecular function |
| GO:0043531 | | ADP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate. |
| GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| GO:0003824 | | catalytic activity | | Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic. |
| GO:0008865 | | fructokinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate. |
| GO:0004340 | | glucokinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose-6-phosphate. |
| GO:0005536 | | glucose binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the D- or L-enantiomer of glucose. |
| GO:0004396 | | hexokinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate. |
| GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| GO:0000287 | | magnesium ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions. |
| GO:0019158 | | mannokinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate. |
| GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| GO:0016773 | | phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor). |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0019903 | | protein phosphatase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase. |
| GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
biological process |
| GO:0006739 | | NADP metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH. |
| GO:0070509 | | calcium ion import | | The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle. |
| GO:0061621 | | canonical glycolysis | | The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP. |
| GO:0005975 | | carbohydrate metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule. |
| GO:0046835 | | carbohydrate phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y. |
| GO:0001678 | | cellular glucose homeostasis | | A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment. |
| GO:0042149 | | cellular response to glucose starvation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose. |
| GO:0032869 | | cellular response to insulin stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| GO:0044320 | | cellular response to leptin stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. |
| GO:0051594 | | detection of glucose | | The series of events in which a glucose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. |
| GO:0006003 | | fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase. |
| GO:0051156 | | glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6. |
| GO:0042593 | | glucose homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell. |
| GO:0006006 | | glucose metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. |
| GO:0015758 | | glucose transport | | The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0005978 | | glycogen biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues. |
| GO:0006096 | | glycolytic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules. |
| GO:0055088 | | lipid homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell. |
| GO:0008152 | | metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. |
| GO:0032811 | | negative regulation of epinephrine secretion | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine. |
| GO:0045721 | | negative regulation of gluconeogenesis | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis. |
| GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| GO:0007204 | | positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | | Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. |
| GO:0045725 | | positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen. |
| GO:0045821 | | positive regulation of glycolytic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. |
| GO:0032024 | | positive regulation of insulin secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| GO:0042327 | | positive regulation of phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule. |
| GO:0010827 | | regulation of glucose transport | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0006110 | | regulation of glycolytic process | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis. |
| GO:0050796 | | regulation of insulin secretion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin. |
| GO:0043266 | | regulation of potassium ion transport | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0009749 | | response to glucose | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
| GO:0019932 | | second-messenger-mediated signaling | | Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005884 | | actin filament | | A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0045180 | | basal cortex | | The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell. |
| GO:0005938 | | cell cortex | | The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0005739 | | mitochondrion | | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0030141 | | secretory granule | | A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. |