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(-) Description

Title :  HUMAN GLUCOKINASE IN COMPLEX WITH A SYNTHETIC ACTIVATOR
 
Authors :  K. Kamata, K. Takahashi
Date :  14 Apr 09  (Deposition) - 06 Oct 09  (Release) - 06 Oct 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.11
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  X
Keywords :  Glucokinase, Diabetes, Allosteric Activator, Alternative Splicing, Atp-Binding, Diabetes Mellitus, Disease Mutation, Glycolysis, Kinase, Nucleotide-Binding, Polymorphism, Transferase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  K. Takahashi, N. Hashimoto, C. Nakama, K. Kamata, K. Sasaki, R. Yoshimoto, S. Ohyama, H. Hosaka, H. Maruki, Y. Nagata, J. Eiki, T. Nishimura
The Design And Optimization Of A Series Of 2-(Pyridin-2-Yl)-1H-Benzimidazole Compounds As Allosteric Glucokinase Activators.
Bioorg. Med. Chem. V. 17 7042 2009
PubMed-ID: 19736020  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.BMC.2009.05.037
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - GLUCOKINASE
    ChainsX
    EC Number2.7.1.2
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPFLAG-CTC
    Expression System StrainDH5ALFA
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentUNP RESIDUES 16-465
    GeneGCK
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymHEXOKINASE TYPE IV, HK IV, HEXOKINASE-4, HK4, HEXOKINASE-D

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
Asymmetric/Biological Unit X

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 3)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GLC1Ligand/IonALPHA-D-GLUCOSE
2NA1Ligand/IonSODIUM ION
3TK11Ligand/Ion1-({5-[4-(METHYLSULFONYL)PHENOXY]-2-PYRIDIN-2-YL-1H-BENZIMIDAZOL-6-YL}METHYL)PYRROLIDINE-2,5-DIONE

(-) Sites  (3, 3)

Asymmetric Unit (3, 3)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARESER X:151 , PHE X:152 , PRO X:153 , THR X:168 , LYS X:169 , ASN X:204 , ASP X:205 , CYS X:230 , ASN X:231 , GLU X:256 , GLN X:287 , GLU X:290 , HOH X:608 , HOH X:618BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GLC X 500
2AC2SOFTWARETYR X:61 , VAL X:62 , ARG X:63 , SER X:64 , THR X:65 , GLY X:97 , GLN X:98 , ILE X:211 , TYR X:214 , TYR X:215 , HIS X:218 , CYS X:220 , VAL X:455BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE TK1 X 501
3AC3SOFTWAREMET X:238 , VAL X:241 , VAL X:244 , GLY X:246BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE NA X 600

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3H1V)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 3H1V)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (66, 66)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (66, 66)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
01UniProtVAR_010584R36WHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)762263694XR36W
02UniProtVAR_075220R43HHXK4_HUMANUnclassified (MODY2)764232985XR43H
03UniProtVAR_010585A53SHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XA53S
04UniProtVAR_078243T65IHXK4_HUMANDisease (HHF3)  ---XT65I
05UniProtVAR_075221G68DHXK4_HUMANUnclassified (MODY2)373418736XG68D
06UniProtVAR_003693E70KHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XE70K
07UniProtVAR_003694G80AHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XG80A
08UniProtVAR_003695G80SHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XG80S
09UniProtVAR_078244V91LHXK4_HUMANDisease (HHF3)  ---XV91L
10UniProtVAR_078245W99CHXK4_HUMANDisease (HHF3)  ---XW99C
11UniProtVAR_003696M107THXK4_HUMANPolymorphism  ---XM107T
12UniProtVAR_010586Y108HHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XY108H
13UniProtVAR_012352I110THXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XI110T
14UniProtVAR_012353A119DHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XA119D
15UniProtVAR_078246C129YHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XC129Y
16UniProtVAR_003697S131PHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)104894010XS131P
17UniProtVAR_010587H137RHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XH137R
18UniProtVAR_010588F150SHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)193922297XF150S
19UniProtVAR_078247F152LHXK4_HUMANUnclassified (MODY2)  ---XF152L
20UniProtVAR_012350L164PHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XL164P
21UniProtVAR_010589T168PHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XT168P
22UniProtVAR_003698G175RHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)587780344XG175R
23UniProtVAR_003699V182MHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)587780345XV182M
24UniProtVAR_003700A188THXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)751279776XA188T
25UniProtVAR_078248A188VHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)193922307XA188V
26UniProtVAR_078249R191WHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XR191W
27UniProtVAR_078250M202RHXK4_HUMANUnclassified (MODY2)  ---XM202R
28UniProtVAR_003701V203AHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XV203A
29UniProtVAR_010590T209MHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XT209M
30UniProtVAR_012351M210KHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)80356654XM210K
31UniProtVAR_010591M210THXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XM210T
32UniProtVAR_010592C213RHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XC213R
33UniProtVAR_075222D217NHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)147065275XD217N
34UniProtVAR_003702E221KHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)193922317XE221K
35UniProtVAR_078251G223SHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XG223S
36UniProtVAR_075223I225MHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XI225M
37UniProtVAR_003703V226MHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)148311934XV226M
38UniProtVAR_003704G227CHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XG227C
39UniProtVAR_003705T228MHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)80356655XT228M
40UniProtVAR_078252N231HHXK4_HUMANUnclassified (MODY2)  ---XN231H
41UniProtVAR_075224E248KHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)759421263XE248K
42UniProtVAR_003706E256KHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)769268803XE256K
43UniProtVAR_003707W257RHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XW257R
44UniProtVAR_010593A259THXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XA259T
45UniProtVAR_010594G261EHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XG261E
46UniProtVAR_003708G261RHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)104894008XG261R
47UniProtVAR_003709E279QHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)104894005XE279Q
48UniProtVAR_003710G299RHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)104894009XG299R
49UniProtVAR_003712E300KHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XE300K
50UniProtVAR_003711E300QHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XE300Q
51UniProtVAR_003713L309PHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XL309P
52UniProtVAR_078253L315FHXK4_HUMANUnclassified (MODY2)  ---XL315F
53UniProtVAR_010595S336LHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XS336L
54UniProtVAR_066615T342PHXK4_HUMANPolymorphism  ---XT342P
55UniProtVAR_010596V367MHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XV367M
56UniProtVAR_078254A378THXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)104894016XA378T
57UniProtVAR_010597C382YHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XC382Y
58UniProtVAR_010598A384THXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XA384T
59UniProtVAR_012354G385VHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XG385V
60UniProtVAR_010599R392CHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XR392C
61UniProtVAR_003714K414EHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)193922272XK414E
62UniProtVAR_078255C434FHXK4_HUMANUnclassified (MODY2)  ---XC434F
63UniProtVAR_078256S441WHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XS441W
64UniProtVAR_078257E442KHXK4_HUMANDisease (HHF3)758737171XE442K
65UniProtVAR_078258R447QHXK4_HUMANDisease (MODY2)  ---XR447Q
66UniProtVAR_003715V455MHXK4_HUMANDisease (HHF3)104894012XV455M

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1HEXOKINASE_1PS00378 Hexokinase domain signature.HXK4_HUMAN146-171  1X:146-171

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 3H1V)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain X from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:446
 aligned with HXK4_HUMAN | P35557 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:465

    Alignment length:446
                                    24        34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374       384       394       404       414       424       434       444       454      
           HXK4_HUMAN    15 KVEQILAEFQLQEEDLKKVMRRMQKEMDRGLRLETHEEASVKMLPTYVRSTPEGSEVGDFLSLDLGGTNFRVMLVKVGEGEEGQWSVKTKHQMYSIPEDAMTGTAEMLFDYISECISDFLDKHQMKHKKLPLGFTFSFPVRHEDIDKGILLNWTKGFKASGAEGNNVVGLLRDAIKRRGDFEMDVVAMVNDTVATMISCYYEDHQCEVGMIVGTGCNACYMEEMQNVELVEGDEGRMCVNTEWGAFGDSGELDEFLLEYDRLVDESSANPGQQLYEKLIGGKYMGELVRLVLLRLVDENLLFHGEASEQLRTRGAFETRFVSQVESDTGDRKQIYNILSTLGLRPSTTDCDIVRRACESVSTRAAHMCSAGLAGVINRMRESRSEDVMRITVGVDGSVYKLHPSFKERFHASVRRLTPSCEITFIESEEGSGRGAALVSAVACKKA 460
               SCOP domains d3h1vx1 X:15-218 Glucokinase                                                                                                                                                                                d3h1vx2 X:219-460 Glucokinase                                                                                                                                                                                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains 3h1vX01 X:15-59,X:216-442                    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3h1vX01 X:15-59,X:216-442  [code=3.40.367.20, no name defined]                                                                                                                                                                     ------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...........eeeeee........eeeeeeee...eeeeeeeeee......eeeeeeeeeee.hhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........eeeeee...eeeee..eeee...............hhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeeeehhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeee...eeeeeeee.hhh........eeeee.hhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhh........hhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh...........hhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeeeehhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ---------------------W------H---------S-----------I--D-K---------A----------L-------C-------TH-T--------D---------Y-P-----R------------S-L-----------P---P------R------M-----T--W----------RA-----MK--R---N---K-S-MMCM--H----------------K-------KR-T-E-----------------Q-------------------RK--------P-----F--------------------L-----P------------------------M----------T---Y-TV------C---------------------E-------------------F------WK----Q-------M----- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -----------------------------------------------------------------S-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V---------------------T--------------------------------------------------R--------------------------------------Q---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HEXOKINASE_1              ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3h1v X  15 MVEQILAEFQLQEEDLKKVMRRMQKEMDRGLRLETHEEASVKMLPTYVRSTPEGSEVGDFLSLDLGGTNFRVMLVKVGEGEEGQWSVKTKHQMYSIPEDAMTGTAEMLFDYISECISDFLDKHQMKHKKLPLGFTFSFPVRHEDIDKGILLNWTKGFKASGAEGNNVVGLLRDAIKRRGDFEMDVVAMVNDTVATMISCYYEDHQCEVGMIVGTGCNACYMEEMQNVELVEGDEGRMCVNTEWGAFGDSGELDEFLLEYDRLVDESSANPGQQLYEKLIGGKYMGELVRLVLLRLVDENLLFHGEASEQLRTRGAFETRFVSQVESDTGDRKQIYNILSTLGLRPSTTDCDIVRRACESVSTRAAHMCSAGLAGVINRMRESRSEDVMRITVGVDGSVYKLHPSFKERFHASVRRLTPSCEITFIESEEGSGRGAALVSAVACKKA 460
                                    24        34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374       384       394       404       414       424       434       444       454      

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3H1V)

(-) Gene Ontology  (57, 57)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain X   (HXK4_HUMAN | P35557)
molecular function
    GO:0043531    ADP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ADP, adenosine 5'-diphosphate.
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0003824    catalytic activity    Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
    GO:0008865    fructokinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 6-phosphate.
    GO:0004340    glucokinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-glucose = ADP + D-glucose-6-phosphate.
    GO:0005536    glucose binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the D- or L-enantiomer of glucose.
    GO:0004396    hexokinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-hexose = ADP + D-hexose 6-phosphate.
    GO:0016301    kinase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
    GO:0000287    magnesium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.
    GO:0019158    mannokinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + D-mannose = ADP + D-mannose 6-phosphate.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0016773    phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphorus-containing group from one compound (donor) to an alcohol group (acceptor).
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019903    protein phosphatase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.
    GO:0016740    transferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
biological process
    GO:0006739    NADP metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; metabolism may be of either the oxidized form, NADP, or the reduced form, NADPH.
    GO:0070509    calcium ion import    The directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
    GO:0061621    canonical glycolysis    The glycolytic process that begins with the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate by glucokinase activity. Glycolytic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP.
    GO:0005975    carbohydrate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
    GO:0046835    carbohydrate phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group into a carbohydrate, any organic compound based on the general formula Cx(H2O)y.
    GO:0001678    cellular glucose homeostasis    A cellular homeostatic process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within a cell or between a cell and its external environment.
    GO:0042149    cellular response to glucose starvation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.
    GO:0032869    cellular response to insulin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0044320    cellular response to leptin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a leptin stimulus. Leptin is a hormone manufactured primarily in the adipocytes of white adipose tissue, and the level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body. It plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism.
    GO:0051594    detection of glucose    The series of events in which a glucose stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
    GO:0006003    fructose 2,6-bisphosphate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The D enantiomer is an important regulator of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. It inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and activates phosphofructokinase.
    GO:0051156    glucose 6-phosphate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose 6-phosphate, a monophosphorylated derivative of glucose with the phosphate group attached to C-6.
    GO:0042593    glucose homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
    GO:0006006    glucose metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose. D-glucose is dextrorotatory and is sometimes known as dextrose; it is an important source of energy for living organisms and is found free as well as combined in homo- and hetero-oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
    GO:0015758    glucose transport    The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0005978    glycogen biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen, a polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucose residues.
    GO:0006096    glycolytic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a carbohydrate into pyruvate, with the concomitant production of a small amount of ATP and the reduction of NAD(P) to NAD(P)H. Glycolysis begins with the metabolism of a carbohydrate to generate products that can enter the pathway and ends with the production of pyruvate. Pyruvate may be converted to acetyl-coenzyme A, ethanol, lactate, or other small molecules.
    GO:0055088    lipid homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of lipid within an organism or cell.
    GO:0008152    metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
    GO:0032811    negative regulation of epinephrine secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of epinephrine.
    GO:0045721    negative regulation of gluconeogenesis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis.
    GO:0016310    phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
    GO:0007204    positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration    Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
    GO:0045725    positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
    GO:0045821    positive regulation of glycolytic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
    GO:0032024    positive regulation of insulin secretion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
    GO:0042327    positive regulation of phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to a molecule.
    GO:0010827    regulation of glucose transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glucose transport. Glucose transport is the directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0006110    regulation of glycolytic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
    GO:0050796    regulation of insulin secretion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
    GO:0043266    regulation of potassium ion transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0009749    response to glucose    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
    GO:0019932    second-messenger-mediated signaling    Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via a second messenger; a small molecule or ion that can be quickly generated or released from intracellular stores, and can diffuse within the cell. Second-messenger signaling includes production or release of the second messenger, and effectors downstream of the second messenger that further transmit the signal within the cell.
cellular component
    GO:0005884    actin filament    A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0045180    basal cortex    The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.
    GO:0005938    cell cortex    The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0030141    secretory granule    A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        HXK4_HUMAN | P355571glk 1v4s 1v4t 3a0i 3f9m 3fgu 3fr0 3goi 3id8 3idh 3imx 3qic 3s41 3vev 3vey 3vf6 4dch 4dhy 4ise 4isf 4isg 4iwv 4ixc 4l3q 4lc9 4mle 4mlh 4no7 4rch 5v4w 5v4x

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

(no "Related Entries Specified in the PDB File" available for 3H1V)