| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0003677 | | DNA binding | | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| | GO:0070412 | | R-SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor-regulated SMAD signaling protein. |
| | GO:0000403 | | Y-form DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with segment of DNA shaped like a Y. This shape occurs when DNA contains a region of paired double-stranded DNA on one end and a region of unpaired DNA strands on the opposite end. |
| | GO:0003682 | | chromatin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| | GO:0003690 | | double-stranded DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA. |
| | GO:0000400 | | four-way junction DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. |
| | GO:0018024 | | histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone L-lysine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone N6-methyl-L-lysine. The methylation of peptidyl-lysine in histones forms N6-methyl-L-lysine, N6,N6-dimethyl-L-lysine and N6,N6,N6-trimethyl-L-lysine derivatives. |
| | GO:0047485 | | protein N-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0030674 | | protein binding, bridging | | The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex, through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. |
| | GO:0044212 | | transcription regulatory region DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0006281 | | DNA repair | | The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. |
| | GO:0000165 | | MAPK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| | GO:1904837 | | beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin-TCF complex. |
| | GO:0007420 | | brain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| | GO:0006974 | | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| | GO:0071333 | | cellular response to glucose stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
| | GO:0071375 | | cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals. |
| | GO:0046697 | | decidualization | | The cellular and vascular changes occurring in the endometrium of the pregnant uterus just after the onset of blastocyst implantation. This process involves the proliferation and differentiation of the fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into large, polyploid decidual cells that eventually form the maternal component of the placenta. |
| | GO:0034968 | | histone lysine methylation | | The modification of a histone by addition of one or more methyl groups to a lysine residue. |
| | GO:0000278 | | mitotic cell cycle | | Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. |
| | GO:0046329 | | negative regulation of JNK cascade | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the JNK cascade. |
| | GO:0045786 | | negative regulation of cell cycle | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| | GO:1902807 | | negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell cycle G1/S phase transition. |
| | GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0010812 | | negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules. |
| | GO:0045736 | | negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
| | GO:0050680 | | negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0045668 | | negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| | GO:0001933 | | negative regulation of protein phosphorylation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| | GO:0043433 | | negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. |
| | GO:0051974 | | negative regulation of telomerase activity | | Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). |
| | GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0045892 | | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0002076 | | osteoblast development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an osteoblast over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Osteoblast development does not include the steps involved in committing a cranial neural crest cell or an osteoprogenitor cell to an osteoblast fate. An osteoblast is a cell that gives rise to bone. |
| | GO:0032092 | | positive regulation of protein binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. |
| | GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0030511 | | positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| | GO:0032925 | | regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway. |
| | GO:0006355 | | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0061469 | | regulation of type B pancreatic cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of type B pancreatic cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0009411 | | response to UV | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. |
| | GO:0010332 | | response to gamma radiation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. |
| | GO:0071559 | | response to transforming growth factor beta | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus. |
| | GO:0006351 | | transcription, DNA-templated | | The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. |
| | GO:0003309 | | type B pancreatic cell differentiation | | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a type B pancreatic cell. A type B pancreatic cell is a cell located towards center of the islets of Langerhans that secretes insulin. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0000785 | | chromatin | | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome. |
| | GO:0032154 | | cleavage furrow | | The cleavage furrow is a plasma membrane invagination at the cell division site. The cleavage furrow begins as a shallow groove and eventually deepens to divide the cytoplasm. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0035097 | | histone methyltransferase complex | | A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins. |
| | GO:0000790 | | nuclear chromatin | | The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome in the nucleus. |
| | GO:0000784 | | nuclear chromosome, telomeric region | | The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. |
| | GO:0016363 | | nuclear matrix | | The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. |
| | GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| | GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| | GO:0043234 | | protein complex | | A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical. |
Description
