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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE EPHA4-EPHRINA2 COMPLEX
 
Authors :  T. A. Bowden, A. R. Aricescu, J. E. Nettleship, C. Siebold, N. Rahman-Hu R. J. Owens, D. I. Stuart, E. Y. Jones
Date :  21 Jul 09  (Deposition) - 27 Oct 09  (Release) - 23 Nov 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.35
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B
Keywords :  Transferase-Signaling Protein Complex, Efn, Eph, Epha4, Kinase, Ephrin, Complex, Membrane, Cell Surface Receptor, Tyrosine-Protein Kinase, Glycoprotein, Ephrina2 (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  T. A. Bowden, A. R. Aricescu, J. E. Nettleship, C. Siebold, N. Rahman-Huq, R. J. Owens, D. I. Stuart, E. Y. Jones
Structural Plasticity Of Eph-Receptor A4 Facilitates Cross-Class Ephrin Signalling
Structure V. 17 1386 2009
PubMed-ID: 19836338  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.STR.2009.07.018

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - EPHRIN TYPE-A RECEPTOR
    ChainsA
    EC Number2.7.10.1
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemHOMO SAPIENS
    Expression System Cell LineHUMAN EMBRYONIC KIDNEY 293T
    Expression System PlasmidPHLSEC
    Expression System StrainCRL-1573
    Expression System Taxid9606
    FragmentEPHRIN LIGAND BINDING DOMAIN, RESIDUES 30-202
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymTYROSINE-PROTEIN KINASE RECEPTOR SEK, RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE HEK8, TYROSINE-PROTEIN KINASE TYRO1
 
Molecule 2 - EPHRIN-A2
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemHOMO SAPIENS
    Expression System Cell LineHUMAN EMBRYONIC KIDNEY 293T
    Expression System PlasmidPHLSEC
    Expression System StrainCRL-1573
    Expression System Taxid9606
    FragmentEPH RECEPTOR BINDING DOMAIN, RESIDUES 33-177
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    Other DetailsN-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE LINKAGES OBSERVED IN STRUCTURE AT ASN 42
    SynonymEPH-RELATED RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE LIGAND 6, HEK7-LIGAND, LERK-6, HEK7-L

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1NAG2Ligand/IonN-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE

(-) Sites  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARETYR B:40 , ASN B:42 , ASN B:45 , PRO B:74 , HIS B:75 , TYR B:76BINDING SITE FOR CHAIN B OF SUGAR BOUND TO ASN B 42 RESIDUES 1175 TO 1176

(-) SS Bonds  (4, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1A:73 -A:191
2A:108 -A:118
3B:73 -B:114
4B:102 -B:163

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (5, 5)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1Ser A:48 -Pro A:49
2Gly A:174 -Pro A:175
3Ala B:78 -Pro B:79
4Pro B:155 -Pro B:156
5Arg B:161 -Pro B:162

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2WO3)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (4, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (4, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1EPH_LBDPS51550 Eph receptor ligand-binding domain profile.EPHA4_HUMAN30-209  1A:30-202
2EPHRIN_RBD_2PS51551 Ephrin receptor-binding (ephrin RBD) domain profile.EFNA2_HUMAN34-174  1B:34-173
3EPHRIN_RBD_1PS01299 Ephrin receptor-binding (ephrin RBD) domain signature.EFNA2_HUMAN125-152  1B:125-152
4RECEPTOR_TYR_KIN_V_1PS00790 Receptor tyrosine kinase class V signature 1.EPHA4_HUMAN185-205  1A:185-202

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 2WO3)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:176
 aligned with EPHA4_HUMAN | P54764 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:986

    Alignment length:183
                                    30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200   
          EPHA4_HUMAN    21 TGSRVYPANEVTLLDSRSVQGELGWIASPLEGGWEEVSIMDEKNTPIRTYQVCNVMEPSQNNWLRTDWITREGAQRVYIEIKFTLRDCNSLPGVMGTCKETFNLYYYESDNDKERFIRENQFVKIDTIAADESFTQVDIGDRIMKLNTEIRDVGPLSKKGFYLAFQDVGACIALVSVRVFYKK 203
               SCOP domains d2       wo3a_ A: automated matches                                                                                                                                                     SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2w       o3A00 A:28-203 Galactose-binding domain-like                                                                                                                                   CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------Ephrin_lbd-2wo3A01 A:30-202                                                                                                                                                  - Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..-------eeeeee..........eee......eeeeee.....eeeeeeee........eeee...........eeeeeeeee..hhh..........eeeeeeeee.........hhh.eeeeeee......hhhhhh.....eeeeeee......eeeeeeee...eeeeeeeeeeee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---------EPH_LBD  PDB: A:30-202 UniProt: 30-209                                                                                                                                         PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------RECEPTOR_TYR_KIN_V_ PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2wo3 A  28 TG-------EVTLLDSRSVQGELGWIASPLEGGWEEVSIMDEKNTPIRTYQVCNVMEPSQNNWLRTDWITREGAQRVYIEIKFTLRDCNSLPGVMGTCKETFNLYYYESDNDKERFIRENQFVKIDTIAADESFTQVDIGDRIMKLNTEIRDVGPLSKKGFYLAFQDVGACIALVSVRVFYKR 203
                             |      30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200   
                            29      30                                                                                                                                                                             

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:142
 aligned with EFNA2_HUMAN | O43921 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:213

    Alignment length:142
                                    42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172  
          EFNA2_HUMAN    33 NSDRYAVYWNRSNPRFHAGAGDDGGGYTVEVSINDYLDIYCPHYGAPLPPAERMEHYVLYMVNGEGHASCDHRQRGFKRWECNRPAAPGGPLKFSEKFQLFTPFSLGFEFRPGHEYYYISATPPNAVDRPCLRLKVYVRPTN 174
               SCOP domains d2wo3b_ B: automated matches                                                                                                                   SCOP domains
               CATH domains 2wo3B00 B:33-174 Cupredoxins -  blue copper proteins                                                                                           CATH domains
               Pfam domains Ephrin-2wo3B01 B:33-174                                                                                                                        Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeeee.................eeeee....eeeeee.........hhh...eeeeee.hhhhhh......eeeeeee..........eeeee.................eeeeeee...........eeeeee.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) -EPHRIN_RBD_2  PDB: B:34-173 UniProt: 34-174                                                                                                   PROSITE (2)
                PROSITE (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EPHRIN_RBD_1  PDB: B:125-152---------------------- PROSITE (3)
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2wo3 B  33 NSDRYAVYWNRSNPRFHAGAGDDGGGYTVEVSINDYLDIYCPHYGAPLPPAERMEHYVLYMVNGEGHASCDHRQRGFKRWECNRPAAPGGPLKFSEKFQLFTPFSLGFEFRPGHEYYYISATPPNAVDRPCLRLKVYVRPTQ 174
                                    42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172  

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Mainly Beta (13760)

(-) Pfam Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Clan: GBD (153)

(-) Gene Ontology  (72, 79)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (EPHA4_HUMAN | P54764)
molecular function
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0097161    DH domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DH (Dbl homology) domain of a protein. The DH domain contains three structurally conserved regions separated by more variable regions. It is composed of 11 alpha helices that are folded into a flattened, elongated alpha-helix bundle in which two of the three conserved regions, conserved region 1 (CR1) and conserved region 3 (CR3), are exposed near the centre of one surface. CR1 and CR3, together with a part of alpha-6 and the DH/PH (pleckstrin homology) junction site, constitute the Rho GTPase interacting pocket.
    GO:0005004    GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity    Combining with a GPI-anchored ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
    GO:0042731    PH domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PH domain (pleckstrin homology) of a protein, a domain of about 100 residues that occurs in a wide range of proteins involved in intracellular signaling or as constituents of the cytoskeleton.
    GO:0005003    ephrin receptor activity    Combining with an ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
    GO:0046875    ephrin receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ephrin receptor.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0016301    kinase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0004672    protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
    GO:0004713    protein tyrosine kinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
    GO:0016740    transferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
    GO:0004714    transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity    Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
    GO:0005005    transmembrane-ephrin receptor activity    Combining with a transmembrane ephrin to initiate a change in cell activity.
biological process
    GO:0007628    adult walking behavior    The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.
    GO:0007411    axon guidance    The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
    GO:0007155    cell adhesion    The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
    GO:0021957    corticospinal tract morphogenesis    Generation of a long process of a pyramidal cell, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body in cerebral cortex layer V towards target cells in the gray matter of the spinal cord. This axonal process is a member of those that make up the corticospinal tract.
    GO:0048013    ephrin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.
    GO:0097156    fasciculation of motor neuron axon    The collection of motor neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.
    GO:0097155    fasciculation of sensory neuron axon    The collection of sensory neuron axons into a bundle of rods, known as a fascicle.
    GO:0008347    glial cell migration    The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system.
    GO:0008045    motor neuron axon guidance    The process in which the migration of an axon growth cone of a motor neuron is directed to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0048681    negative regulation of axon regeneration    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
    GO:0072178    nephric duct morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the nephric duct are generated and organized. A nephric duct is a tube that drains a primitive kidney.
    GO:0007399    nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0018108    peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.
    GO:0016310    phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
    GO:0043507    positive regulation of JUN kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity.
    GO:2001108    positive regulation of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity.
    GO:0050775    positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of dendrite morphogenesis.
    GO:0046777    protein autophosphorylation    The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
    GO:0006468    protein phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
    GO:0043087    regulation of GTPase activity    Any process that modulates the rate of GTP hydrolysis by a GTPase.
    GO:0048710    regulation of astrocyte differentiation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
    GO:0050770    regulation of axonogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis, the generation of an axon, the long process of a neuron.
    GO:0061001    regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
    GO:0007169    transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0030424    axon    The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
    GO:0043679    axon terminus    Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal button is a specialized region of it.
    GO:0044295    axonal growth cone    The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon.
    GO:0044297    cell body    The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
    GO:0030054    cell junction    A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0043197    dendritic spine    A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
    GO:0005769    early endosome    A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
    GO:0031901    early endosome membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:0030175    filopodium    Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005887    integral component of plasma membrane    The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005741    mitochondrial outer membrane    The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
    GO:0031594    neuromuscular junction    The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
    GO:0043204    perikaryon    The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0014069    postsynaptic density of dendrite    An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite of asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
    GO:0045211    postsynaptic membrane    A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

Chain B   (EFNA2_HUMAN | O43921)
molecular function
    GO:0046875    ephrin receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ephrin receptor.
biological process
    GO:0007411    axon guidance    The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues.
    GO:0046849    bone remodeling    The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis.
    GO:0007267    cell-cell signaling    Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
    GO:0048013    ephrin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.
    GO:0021772    olfactory bulb development    The progression of the olfactory bulb over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The olfactory bulb coordinates neuronal signaling involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the sensory neurons and outputs to the olfactory cortex.
    GO:0030316    osteoclast differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
cellular component
    GO:0031225    anchored component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products that are tethered to the membrane only by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid group that is embedded in the membrane. Gene products with peptide sequences that are embedded in the membrane are excluded from this grouping.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0031594    neuromuscular junction    The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
    GO:0043204    perikaryon    The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

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  EPHA4_HUMAN | P54764
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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        EPHA4_HUMAN | P547642lw8 2wo1 2wo2 3ckh 3gxu 4bk4 4bk5 4bka 4bkf 4m4p 4m4r 4w4z 4w50 5jr2

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

2wo1 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE EPHA4 LIGAND BINDING DOMAIN
2wo2 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE EPHA4-EPHRINB2 COMPLEX