| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0003677 | | DNA binding | | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| | GO:0070411 | | I-SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibitory SMAD signaling protein. |
| | GO:0001102 | | RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription activating factor, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription. |
| | GO:0001085 | | RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. |
| | GO:0046332 | | SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein. |
| | GO:0045294 | | alpha-catenin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the alpha subunit of the catenin complex. |
| | GO:0050681 | | androgen receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an androgen receptor. |
| | GO:0045296 | | cadherin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with cadherin, a type I membrane protein involved in cell adhesion. |
| | GO:0003682 | | chromatin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| | GO:0003690 | | double-stranded DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA. |
| | GO:0019899 | | enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
| | GO:0030331 | | estrogen receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor. |
| | GO:1990188 | | euchromatin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with euchromatin, a dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin. |
| | GO:0044325 | | ion channel binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient. |
| | GO:0035255 | | ionotropic glutamate receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels. |
| | GO:0019900 | | kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group. |
| | GO:0050998 | | nitric-oxide synthase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase. |
| | GO:0035257 | | nuclear hormone receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent receptor found in the nucleus of the cell. |
| | GO:0008022 | | protein C-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0032403 | | protein complex binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0019901 | | protein kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. |
| | GO:0019903 | | protein phosphatase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase. |
| | GO:0070491 | | repressing transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription repressor, any protein whose activity is required to prevent or downregulate transcription. |
| | GO:0004871 | | signal transducer activity | | Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. |
| | GO:0003713 | | transcription coactivator activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. |
| | GO:0003700 | | transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex. |
| | GO:0008134 | | transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. |
| | GO:0044212 | | transcription regulatory region DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0014010 | | Schwann cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of Schwann cells, resulting in the expansion of their population. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell in the peripheral nervous system. |
| | GO:0030217 | | T cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. |
| | GO:0033077 | | T cell differentiation in thymus | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus. |
| | GO:0016055 | | Wnt signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state. |
| | GO:0007223 | | Wnt signaling pathway, calcium modulating pathway | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where activated receptors leads to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). |
| | GO:0034333 | | adherens junction assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. |
| | GO:0034332 | | adherens junction organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments. |
| | GO:0030521 | | androgen receptor signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor. |
| | GO:0048513 | | animal organ development | | Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| | GO:0009948 | | anterior/posterior axis specification | | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the anterior/posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism. |
| | GO:1904886 | | beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly | | The disaggregation of a beta-catenin destruction complex into its constituent components. |
| | GO:1904837 | | beta-catenin-TCF complex assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a beta-catenin-TCF complex. |
| | GO:0045453 | | bone resorption | | The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products. |
| | GO:0001569 | | branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis | | The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. |
| | GO:0001658 | | branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | | The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| | GO:0060070 | | canonical Wnt signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes. |
| | GO:0044336 | | canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the negative regulation of apoptotic process. |
| | GO:0061324 | | canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cardiac outflow tract cell proliferation | | The canonical Wnt signaling pathway that contributes to the modulation of the expansion of a population of cardiac outflow tract cells. |
| | GO:0044334 | | canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes involved in the positive regulation of epithelial cell to mesenchymal cell transition. |
| | GO:0035411 | | catenin import into nucleus | | The directed movement of a catenin protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. |
| | GO:0007155 | | cell adhesion | | The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. |
| | GO:0030154 | | cell differentiation | | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state. |
| | GO:0001709 | | cell fate determination | | A process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment. |
| | GO:0001708 | | cell fate specification | | The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment. |
| | GO:0048469 | | cell maturation | | A developmental process, independent of morphogenetic (shape) change, that is required for a cell to attain its fully functional state. |
| | GO:0000904 | | cell morphogenesis involved in differentiation | | The change in form (cell shape and size) that occurs when relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. |
| | GO:0008283 | | cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| | GO:0007160 | | cell-matrix adhesion | | The binding of a cell to the extracellular matrix via adhesion molecules. |
| | GO:0009987 | | cellular process | | Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
| | GO:0034613 | | cellular protein localization | | Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. |
| | GO:0044344 | | cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an fibroblast growth factor stimulus. |
| | GO:0071363 | | cellular response to growth factor stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. |
| | GO:0071681 | | cellular response to indole-3-methanol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an indole-3-methanol stimulus. |
| | GO:1990314 | | cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin-like growth factor stimulus. |
| | GO:0071285 | | cellular response to lithium ion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lithium (Li+) ion stimulus. |
| | GO:0071260 | | cellular response to mechanical stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. |
| | GO:0022009 | | central nervous system vasculogenesis | | The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes in the central nervous system. The capillary endothelial cells in the brain are specialized to form the blood-brain barrier. |
| | GO:0007268 | | chemical synaptic transmission | | The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. |
| | GO:0048096 | | chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription | | Maintenance of transcription by remodelling of chromatin into an 'open configuration'. Once established, this regulation is mitotically stable and is maintained over many cell divisions. It is also heritable. |
| | GO:0061550 | | cranial ganglion development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cranial ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0071542 | | dopaminergic neuron differentiation | | The process in which a neuroblast acquires the specialized structural and functional features of a dopaminergic neuron, a neuron that secretes dopamine. |
| | GO:1990791 | | dorsal root ganglion development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dorsal root ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0009950 | | dorsal/ventral axis specification | | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. |
| | GO:0009953 | | dorsal/ventral pattern formation | | The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. |
| | GO:0007398 | | ectoderm development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation. |
| | GO:0000578 | | embryonic axis specification | | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or a point in an embryo. |
| | GO:1990403 | | embryonic brain development | | The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0048701 | | embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. |
| | GO:0042733 | | embryonic digit morphogenesis | | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe. |
| | GO:0048617 | | embryonic foregut morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized, during the embryonic phase. |
| | GO:0035115 | | embryonic forelimb morphogenesis | | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the forelimb are generated and organized. The forelimbs are the front limbs of an animal, e.g. the arms of a human. |
| | GO:0035050 | | embryonic heart tube development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field. |
| | GO:0035116 | | embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis | | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal. |
| | GO:0036023 | | embryonic skeletal limb joint morphogenesis | | The process, occurring in the embryo, in which the anatomical structures of a skeletal limb joint are generated and organized. A skeletal limb joint is the connecting structure between the bones of a limb. |
| | GO:0001706 | | endoderm formation | | The formation of the endoderm during gastrulation. |
| | GO:0001711 | | endodermal cell fate commitment | | The cell differentiation process that results in commitment of a cell to become part of the endoderm. |
| | GO:0061154 | | endothelial tube morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a tube are generated and organized from an endothelium. Endothelium refers to the layer of cells lining blood vessels, lymphatics, the heart, and serous cavities, and is derived from bone marrow or mesoderm. Corneal endothelium is a special case, derived from neural crest cells. |
| | GO:0060742 | | epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate gland development | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell of the prostate gland. |
| | GO:0001837 | | epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| | GO:0060441 | | epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis | | The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. |
| | GO:0030900 | | forebrain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions). |
| | GO:0061198 | | fungiform papilla formation | | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a spongiform papilla from unspecified parts. The fungiform papilla is a mushroom-shaped papilla of the tongue. |
| | GO:0001702 | | gastrulation with mouth forming second | | A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. |
| | GO:0035112 | | genitalia morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of genitalia are generated and organized. The genitalia are the organs of reproduction or generation, external and internal. |
| | GO:0007403 | | glial cell fate determination | | The cell fate determination process in which a cell becomes capable of differentiating autonomously into a glial cell regardless of its environment; upon determination, the cell fate cannot be reversed. |
| | GO:0035315 | | hair cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell. |
| | GO:0022405 | | hair cycle process | | A multicellular organismal process involved in the cyclical phases of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), quiescence (telogen), and shedding (exogen) in the life of a hair; one of the collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of an animal, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole of the body. |
| | GO:0031069 | | hair follicle morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0060789 | | hair follicle placode formation | | The developmental process in which a hair placode forms. An hair follicle placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that will give rise to the hair follicle bud. |
| | GO:0007507 | | heart development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| | GO:0030097 | | hemopoiesis | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. |
| | GO:0030902 | | hindbrain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hindbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The hindbrain is the posterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain, or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata and controls the autonomic functions and equilibrium). |
| | GO:0001701 | | in utero embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| | GO:0001822 | | kidney development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| | GO:0021819 | | layer formation in cerebral cortex | | The detachment of cells from radial glial fibers at the appropriate time when they cease to migrate and form distinct layer in the cerebral cortex. |
| | GO:0002089 | | lens morphogenesis in camera-type eye | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the lens are generated and organized. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| | GO:0060173 | | limb development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a limb over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping. Examples include legs, arms or some types of fin. |
| | GO:0001889 | | liver development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. |
| | GO:0060479 | | lung cell differentiation | | The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features of a mature cell found in the lung. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| | GO:0030324 | | lung development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. |
| | GO:0060492 | | lung induction | | The close range interaction of two or more cells or tissues that causes the cells of the foregut to change their fates and specify the development of the lung. |
| | GO:0060484 | | lung-associated mesenchyme development | | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung. |
| | GO:0030539 | | male genitalia development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0060916 | | mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. |
| | GO:0003338 | | metanephros morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the metanephros are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0030901 | | midbrain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). |
| | GO:0007494 | | midgut development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midgut over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midgut is the middle part of the alimentary canal from the stomach, or entrance of the bile duct, to, or including, the large intestine. |
| | GO:0016331 | | morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium | | The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0045445 | | myoblast differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myoblast. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into striated muscle fibers. |
| | GO:2001234 | | negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| | GO:0045596 | | negative regulation of cell differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0032331 | | negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chondrocyte differentiation. |
| | GO:0010629 | | negative regulation of gene expression | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| | GO:0003340 | | negative regulation of mesenchymal to epithelial transition involved in metanephros morphogenesis | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of the transition where a mesenchymal cell establishes apical/basolateral polarity,forms intercellular adhesive junctions, synthesizes basement membrane components and becomes an epithelial cell that will contribute to the shaping of the metanephros. |
| | GO:0045976 | | negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle. |
| | GO:1901215 | | negative regulation of neuron death | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
| | GO:0048715 | | negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation. |
| | GO:0045671 | | negative regulation of osteoclast differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| | GO:0033234 | | negative regulation of protein sumoylation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of SUMO groups to a protein. |
| | GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0045892 | | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0072079 | | nephron tubule formation | | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a nephron tubule from unspecified parts. A nephron tubule is an epithelial tube that is part of the nephron, the functional part of the kidney. |
| | GO:0007399 | | nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. |
| | GO:0001840 | | neural plate development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural plate over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The neural plate is a flat, thickened layer of ectodermal cells. The underlying dorsal mesoderm signals the ectodermal cells above it to elongate into columnar neural plate cells. The neural plate subsequently develops into the neural tube, which gives rise to the central nervous system. |
| | GO:0030182 | | neuron differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. |
| | GO:0001764 | | neuron migration | | The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. |
| | GO:0042475 | | odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. |
| | GO:0048599 | | oocyte development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| | GO:0030316 | | osteoclast differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. |
| | GO:0060066 | | oviduct development | | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oviduct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An oviduct is a tube through which an ova passes from the ovary to the uterus, or from the ovary to the outside of the organism. |
| | GO:0031016 | | pancreas development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pancreas is an endoderm derived structure that produces precursors of digestive enzymes and blood glucose regulating enzymes. |
| | GO:2000144 | | positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-templated transcription initiation. |
| | GO:0043123 | | positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. |
| | GO:0043410 | | positive regulation of MAPK cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. |
| | GO:0043065 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| | GO:0061047 | | positive regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched structures of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units. |
| | GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:1904501 | | positive regulation of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin-mediated maintenance of transcription. |
| | GO:2000017 | | positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity. |
| | GO:0045603 | | positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0030858 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0060769 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time. |
| | GO:0010718 | | positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| | GO:0045743 | | positive regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| | GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| | GO:0010909 | | positive regulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, a glycosaminoglycan with repeat unit consisting of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked hexuronic acid and glucosamine residues. |
| | GO:0051571 | | positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3. |
| | GO:0002053 | | positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation | | The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. |
| | GO:0051149 | | positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0002052 | | positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation. |
| | GO:0043525 | | positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. |
| | GO:0045669 | | positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| | GO:0051091 | | positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. |
| | GO:0048643 | | positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle tissue development. |
| | GO:0051973 | | positive regulation of telomerase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of telomerase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). |
| | GO:0032212 | | positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase. |
| | GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0045893 | | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0032481 | | positive regulation of type I interferon production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of type I interferon production. Type I interferons include the interferon-alpha, beta, delta, episilon, zeta, kappa, tau, and omega gene families. |
| | GO:0043161 | | proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome. |
| | GO:0051291 | | protein heterooligomerization | | The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. |
| | GO:0034394 | | protein localization to cell surface | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
| | GO:0009954 | | proximal/distal pattern formation | | The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along a proximal/distal axis. The proximal/distal axis is defined by a line that runs from main body (proximal end) of an organism outward (distal end). |
| | GO:0042129 | | regulation of T cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0045765 | | regulation of angiogenesis | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. |
| | GO:0042981 | | regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| | GO:0090279 | | regulation of calcium ion import | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle. |
| | GO:0045595 | | regulation of cell differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. |
| | GO:0042127 | | regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0030997 | | regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion | | Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker. |
| | GO:0070602 | | regulation of centromeric sister chromatid cohesion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sister chromatid cohesion in the centromeric region of a chromosome. |
| | GO:1904796 | | regulation of core promoter binding | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of core promoter binding. |
| | GO:0030856 | | regulation of epithelial cell differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation. |
| | GO:1904793 | | regulation of euchromatin binding | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of euchromatin binding. |
| | GO:0048145 | | regulation of fibroblast proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| | GO:0010468 | | regulation of gene expression | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| | GO:0031641 | | regulation of myelination | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. |
| | GO:0072182 | | regulation of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nephron tubule epithelial cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0050767 | | regulation of neurogenesis | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons. |
| | GO:0045667 | | regulation of osteoblast differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| | GO:0045670 | | regulation of osteoclast differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| | GO:2000008 | | regulation of protein localization to cell surface | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface. |
| | GO:0003266 | | regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the second heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. The secondary heart field is the region of the heart that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, the arterial pole (outflow tract) and the venous pole (inflow tract). |
| | GO:0048660 | | regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0006357 | | regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0006355 | | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0072053 | | renal inner medulla development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal inner medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal inner medulla is unique to mammalian kidneys and is the innermost region of the mammalian kidney. |
| | GO:0072054 | | renal outer medulla development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal outer medulla over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal outer medulla is the region of the kidney that lies between the renal cortex and the renal inner medulla. |
| | GO:0072001 | | renal system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the renal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The renal system maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels. |
| | GO:0072033 | | renal vesicle formation | | The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the renal vesicle from condensed mesenchymal cells. The renal vesicle is the primordial structure of the nephron epithelium, and is formed by the condensation of mesenchymal cells. |
| | GO:0014823 | | response to activity | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus. |
| | GO:0046686 | | response to cadmium ion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cadmium (Cd) ion stimulus. |
| | GO:0034097 | | response to cytokine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus. |
| | GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| | GO:0032355 | | response to estradiol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. |
| | GO:0043627 | | response to estrogen | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| | GO:0009725 | | response to hormone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. |
| | GO:0014070 | | response to organic cyclic compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| | GO:0016337 | | single organismal cell-cell adhesion | | The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism. |
| | GO:0001501 | | skeletal system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). |
| | GO:0043588 | | skin development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skin over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skin is the external membranous integument of an animal. In vertebrates the skin generally consists of two layers, an outer nonsensitive and nonvascular epidermis (cuticle or skarfskin) composed of cells which are constantly growing and multiplying in the deeper, and being thrown off in the superficial layers, as well as an inner vascular dermis (cutis, corium or true skin) composed mostly of connective tissue. |
| | GO:0051145 | | smooth muscle cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. |
| | GO:0019827 | | stem cell population maintenance | | The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types. |
| | GO:0061549 | | sympathetic ganglion development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a sympathetic ganglion over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0050808 | | synapse organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a synapse, the junction between a neuron and a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell). |
| | GO:0048489 | | synaptic vesicle transport | | The directed movement of synaptic vesicles. |
| | GO:0048538 | | thymus development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. |
| | GO:0060440 | | trachea formation | | The process pertaining to the initial formation of a trachea from unspecified parts. The process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the trachea is recognizable. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. |
| | GO:0060439 | | trachea morphogenesis | | The process in which a trachea is generated and organized. The trachea is the portion of the airway that attaches to the bronchi as it branches. |
| | GO:0006351 | | transcription, DNA-templated | | The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. |
| | GO:0001944 | | vasculature development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vasculature over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The vasculature is an interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism. |
| | GO:0001570 | | vasculogenesis | | The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. |
| cellular component |
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| | GO:0034750 | | Scrib-APC-beta-catenin complex | | A protein complex that contains the Scribble protein (a cell polarity determinant), the tumor suppressor protein adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), and beta-catenin; may be involved in the control of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:1990909 | | Wnt signalosome | | A multiprotein protein complex containing membrane-localized Wnt receptors and cytosolic protein complexes, which is capable of transmitting the Wnt signal. Contains at least a Wnt protein, LRP5 or LRP6, a member of the Frizzled (Fz) family, Axin and and a Dishevelled (DVL) protein. |
| | GO:0030018 | | Z disc | | Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached. |
| | GO:0005912 | | adherens junction | | A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments. |
| | GO:0043296 | | apical junction complex | | A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in some invertebrates, such as Drosophila, is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability. |
| | GO:0045177 | | apical part of cell | | The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue. |
| | GO:0016323 | | basolateral plasma membrane | | The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. |
| | GO:0030877 | | beta-catenin destruction complex | | A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome. |
| | GO:1990907 | | beta-catenin-TCF complex | | A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and a member of the T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) family of transcription factors. |
| | GO:0070369 | | beta-catenin-TCF7L2 complex | | A protein complex that contains beta-catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription. |
| | GO:0005923 | | bicellular tight junction | | An occluding cell-cell junction that is composed of a branching network of sealing strands that completely encircles the apical end of each cell in an epithelial sheet; the outer leaflets of the two interacting plasma membranes are seen to be tightly apposed where sealing strands are present. Each sealing strand is composed of a long row of transmembrane adhesion proteins embedded in each of the two interacting plasma membranes. |
| | GO:0016342 | | catenin complex | | Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton. |
| | GO:0071664 | | catenin-TCF7L2 complex | | A protein complex that contains a catenin and TCF7L2 (TCF4), binds to the TCF DNA motif within a promoter element, and is involved in the regulation of WNT target gene transcription. |
| | GO:0005938 | | cell cortex | | The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. |
| | GO:0030054 | | cell junction | | A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix. |
| | GO:0071944 | | cell periphery | | The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures. |
| | GO:0031253 | | cell projection membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a plasma membrane bounded cell surface projection. |
| | GO:0005913 | | cell-cell adherens junction | | An adherens junction which connects a cell to another cell. |
| | GO:0005911 | | cell-cell junction | | A cell junction that forms a connection between two or more cells in a multicellular organism; excludes direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals. |
| | GO:0005813 | | centrosome | | A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| | GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| | GO:0043198 | | dendritic shaft | | Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines. |
| | GO:0070062 | | extracellular exosome | | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. |
| | GO:0005916 | | fascia adherens | | A cell-cell adherens junction that contains the transmembrane protein N-cadherin, which interacts with identical molecules from neighboring cells to form a tight mechanical intercellular link; forms a large portion of the intercalated disc, the structure at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes. |
| | GO:0016600 | | flotillin complex | | A protein complex that contains flotillin-1 and flotillin-2, and may contain associated proteins. Flotillins associate into membrane microdomains resembling caveolae. |
| | GO:0005925 | | focal adhesion | | Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments. |
| | GO:0014704 | | intercalated disc | | A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells. |
| | GO:0030027 | | lamellipodium | | A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments. |
| | GO:0016328 | | lateral plasma membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane at the lateral side of the cell. In epithelial cells, lateral plasma membranes are on the sides of cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells. |
| | GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| | GO:0005815 | | microtubule organizing center | | An intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules by interacting with their minus ends, plus ends or sides. |
| | GO:0031528 | | microvillus membrane | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus. |
| | GO:0043005 | | neuron projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. |
| | GO:0005719 | | nuclear euchromatin | | The dispersed less dense form of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. It exists in at least two forms, a some being in the form of transcriptionally active chromatin which is the least condensed, while the rest is inactive euchromatin which is more condensed than active chromatin but less condensed than heterochromatin. |
| | GO:0044798 | | nuclear transcription factor complex | | A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription. |
| | GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| | GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| | GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| | GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| | GO:0043234 | | protein complex | | A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical. |
| | GO:0032993 | | protein-DNA complex | | A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules. |
| | GO:0000922 | | spindle pole | | Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules. |
| | GO:0045202 | | synapse | | The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
| | GO:0005667 | | transcription factor complex | | A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription. |
Description
