molecular function |
| GO:0051400 | | BH domain binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domain of a protein. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains. |
| GO:0051434 | | BH3 domain binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the BH3 domain of a protein of the Bcl-2 family. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death. |
| GO:0015267 | | channel activity | | Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules. |
| GO:0051087 | | chaperone binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport. |
| GO:0031072 | | heat shock protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heat shock protein, any protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock. |
| GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| GO:0008289 | | lipid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0032403 | | protein complex binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0046982 | | protein heterodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
biological process |
| GO:0001783 | | B cell apoptotic process | | Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity. |
| GO:0001782 | | B cell homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0002358 | | B cell homeostatic proliferation | | The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus. |
| GO:0002352 | | B cell negative selection | | Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion. |
| GO:1990117 | | B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway | | An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| GO:0006977 | | DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest | | A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle. |
| GO:0060011 | | Sertoli cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. |
| GO:0001777 | | T cell homeostatic proliferation | | The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus. |
| GO:0006919 | | activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process. |
| GO:0008635 | | activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c. |
| GO:0097296 | | activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:0006987 | | activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response | | The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response. |
| GO:0007568 | | aging | | A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). |
| GO:0008637 | | apoptotic mitochondrial changes | | The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis. |
| GO:0006915 | | apoptotic process | | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| GO:1902262 | | apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis | | Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis. |
| GO:1902263 | | apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis | | Any apoptotic process that is involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis. |
| GO:0097190 | | apoptotic signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0001974 | | blood vessel remodeling | | The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. |
| GO:0007420 | | brain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| GO:0008283 | | cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| GO:0045333 | | cellular respiration | | The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration). |
| GO:0006974 | | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| GO:0034644 | | cellular response to UV | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers. |
| GO:0071310 | | cellular response to organic substance | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. |
| GO:0021987 | | cerebral cortex development | | The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon. |
| GO:0045136 | | development of secondary sexual characteristics | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion. |
| GO:0035234 | | ectopic germ cell programmed cell death | | Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo. |
| GO:0032469 | | endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings. |
| GO:0010248 | | establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient | | The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0097191 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0097192 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0008625 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0009566 | | fertilization | | The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). |
| GO:0007281 | | germ cell development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. |
| GO:0034349 | | glial cell apoptotic process | | Any apoptotic process in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. |
| GO:0006687 | | glycosphingolipid metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide. |
| GO:0048872 | | homeostasis of number of cells | | Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells. |
| GO:0048873 | | homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue | | Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue. |
| GO:0021854 | | hypothalamus development | | The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state. |
| GO:0007007 | | inner mitochondrial membrane organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane. |
| GO:0097193 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP). |
| GO:0072332 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0008630 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0070059 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. |
| GO:0001822 | | kidney development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine. |
| GO:0001776 | | leukocyte homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0035108 | | limb morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping. |
| GO:0008584 | | male gonad development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0043653 | | mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process | | The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form. |
| GO:0008053 | | mitochondrial fusion | | Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment. |
| GO:0070584 | | mitochondrion morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized. |
| GO:0002262 | | myeloid cell homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:2001234 | | negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0032471 | | negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration | | Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| GO:0048147 | | negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| GO:0043524 | | negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| GO:0033137 | | negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| GO:0032091 | | negative regulation of protein binding | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding. |
| GO:0007399 | | nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. |
| GO:0051402 | | neuron apoptotic process | | Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. |
| GO:0001764 | | neuron migration | | The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. |
| GO:0006927 | | obsolete transformed cell apoptotic process | | OBSOLETE. Any apoptotic process in a transformed cell, a cell that has undergone changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm. |
| GO:0042475 | | odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. |
| GO:0007008 | | outer mitochondrial membrane organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane. |
| GO:0001541 | | ovarian follicle development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0002904 | | positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:1903896 | | positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response. |
| GO:1902512 | | positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation. |
| GO:0043065 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0060058 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution. |
| GO:0010524 | | positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol | | Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components. |
| GO:0048087 | | positive regulation of developmental pigmentation | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism. |
| GO:1900103 | | positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. |
| GO:2001241 | | positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand. |
| GO:2001244 | | positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:1902110 | | positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process | | Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process. |
| GO:1901030 | | positive regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:0043525 | | positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0032461 | | positive regulation of protein oligomerization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization. |
| GO:0090200 | | positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation. |
| GO:0051281 | | positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| GO:0048597 | | post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development. |
| GO:0009791 | | post-embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. |
| GO:0051260 | | protein homooligomerization | | The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. |
| GO:0001844 | | protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway | | The process in which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane as the initial phase of the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization that takes place in the apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:0051259 | | protein oligomerization | | The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer. |
| GO:0042981 | | regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0051726 | | regulation of cell cycle | | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| GO:0043281 | | regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis. |
| GO:0033599 | | regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation. |
| GO:1902108 | | regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process | | Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process. |
| GO:1902445 | | regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death | | Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in programmed necrotic cell death. |
| GO:0051881 | | regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential | | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. |
| GO:0043523 | | regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons. |
| GO:0006808 | | regulation of nitrogen utilization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization. |
| GO:0043497 | | regulation of protein heterodimerization activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| GO:0043496 | | regulation of protein homodimerization activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0001836 | | release of cytochrome c from mitochondria | | The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation. |
| GO:0032976 | | release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria | | The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process. |
| GO:0048678 | | response to axon injury | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus. |
| GO:0042220 | | response to cocaine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. |
| GO:0046688 | | response to copper ion | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus. |
| GO:0051412 | | response to corticosterone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0010332 | | response to gamma radiation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. |
| GO:0010212 | | response to ionizing radiation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays. |
| GO:0009651 | | response to salt stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment. |
| GO:0009636 | | response to toxic substance | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus. |
| GO:0009611 | | response to wounding | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. |
| GO:0060041 | | retina development in camera-type eye | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. |
| GO:0046666 | | retinal cell programmed cell death | | Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina. |
| GO:0007548 | | sex differentiation | | The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation. |
| GO:0048515 | | spermatid differentiation | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| GO:0007283 | | spermatogenesis | | The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis. |
| GO:0070242 | | thymocyte apoptotic process | | Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus. |
| GO:0060068 | | vagina development | | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0016032 | | viral process | | A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle. |
cellular component |
| GO:0097144 | | BAX complex | | An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAX, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. |
| GO:0097136 | | Bcl-2 family protein complex | | A protein complex that consists of members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. Bcl-2 proteins respond to cues from various forms of intracellular stress, such as DNA damage or cytokine deprivation, and interact with opposing family members to determine whether or not the caspase proteolytic cascade should be unleashed. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0005783 | | endoplasmic reticulum | | The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). |
| GO:0005789 | | endoplasmic reticulum membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| GO:0070062 | | extracellular exosome | | A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm. |
| GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0005622 | | intracellular | | The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0031966 | | mitochondrial membrane | | Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope. |
| GO:0005741 | | mitochondrial outer membrane | | The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. |
| GO:0005757 | | mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex | | A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D). |
| GO:0005739 | | mitochondrion | | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| GO:0005635 | | nuclear envelope | | The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space). |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| GO:0046930 | | pore complex | | Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids. |