| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0005176 | | ErbB-2 class receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor Neu/ErbB-2/HER2. |
| | GO:0043125 | | ErbB-3 class receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the protein-tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-3/HER3. |
| | GO:0005088 | | Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | | Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase. |
| | GO:0045499 | | chemorepellent activity | | Providing the environmental signal that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a lower concentration of that signal. |
| | GO:0005125 | | cytokine activity | | Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. |
| | GO:0008083 | | growth factor activity | | The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation. |
| | GO:0005178 | | integrin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin. |
| | GO:0046934 | | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+). |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0030296 | | protein tyrosine kinase activator activity | | Increases the activity of a protein tyrosine kinase, an enzyme which phosphorylates a tyrosyl phenolic group on a protein. |
| | GO:0004713 | | protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate. |
| | GO:0005102 | | receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| | GO:0030971 | | receptor tyrosine kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| | GO:0003712 | | transcription cofactor activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a regulatory transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. |
| | GO:0030297 | | transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activator activity | | Binds to and increases the activity of a transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0038127 | | ERBB signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0038128 | | ERBB2 signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptors on the surface of a cell, where the signal is transmitted by ERBB2. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair. |
| | GO:0000165 | | MAPK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| | GO:0000187 | | activation of MAPK activity | | The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK). |
| | GO:0032148 | | activation of protein kinase B activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B. |
| | GO:0007171 | | activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| | GO:0008366 | | axon ensheathment | | Any process in which the axon of a neuron is insulated, and that insulation maintained, thereby preventing dispersion of the electrical signal. |
| | GO:0007420 | | brain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| | GO:0003161 | | cardiac conduction system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cardiac conduction system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cardiac conduction system consists of specialized cardiomyocytes that regulate the frequency of heart beat. |
| | GO:0055007 | | cardiac muscle cell differentiation | | The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. |
| | GO:0060379 | | cardiac muscle cell myoblast differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac myoblast. A cardiac myoblast is a precursor cell that has been committed to a cardiac muscle cell fate but retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life. |
| | GO:0007154 | | cell communication | | Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
| | GO:0016477 | | cell migration | | The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. |
| | GO:0000902 | | cell morphogenesis | | The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. |
| | GO:0008283 | | cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| | GO:0043624 | | cellular protein complex disassembly | | The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups. |
| | GO:0021842 | | chemorepulsion involved in interneuron migration from the subpallium to the cortex | | The creation and reception of signals that result in the movement of interneurons away from the signal during migration from the subpallium to the cortex. |
| | GO:0009790 | | embryo development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. |
| | GO:0060956 | | endocardial cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers. |
| | GO:0010001 | | glial cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell. |
| | GO:0021781 | | glial cell fate commitment | | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a glial cell. |
| | GO:0015758 | | glucose transport | | The directed movement of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| | GO:0007507 | | heart development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| | GO:0035556 | | intracellular signal transduction | | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
| | GO:0007626 | | locomotory behavior | | The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. |
| | GO:0030879 | | mammary gland development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. |
| | GO:0007517 | | muscle organ development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The muscle is an organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work. |
| | GO:0042552 | | myelination | | The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. |
| | GO:0010667 | | negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process | | Any process that decreases the rate or extent of cardiac cell apoptotic process, a form of programmed cell death induced by external or internal signals that trigger the activity of proteolytic caspases whose actions dismantle a cardiac muscle cell and result in its death. |
| | GO:2001240 | | negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand. |
| | GO:2001223 | | negative regulation of neuron migration | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron migration. |
| | GO:0042177 | | negative regulation of protein catabolic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
| | GO:0051048 | | negative regulation of secretion | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a substance from a cell or a tissue. |
| | GO:0045892 | | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0007399 | | nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. |
| | GO:0014032 | | neural crest cell development | | The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| | GO:0022008 | | neurogenesis | | Generation of cells within the nervous system. |
| | GO:0048663 | | neuron fate commitment | | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. |
| | GO:0045213 | | neurotransmitter receptor metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving neurotransmitter receptors. |
| | GO:0048709 | | oligodendrocyte differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system. |
| | GO:0018108 | | peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. |
| | GO:0007422 | | peripheral nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the peripheral nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The peripheral nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Nerves in the PNS connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. |
| | GO:0046854 | | phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation | | The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol. |
| | GO:0048015 | | phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling | | A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives. |
| | GO:0043547 | | positive regulation of GTPase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase. |
| | GO:0046579 | | positive regulation of Ras protein signal transduction | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. |
| | GO:0045773 | | positive regulation of axon extension | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of axon extension. |
| | GO:0070886 | | positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling via the calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade. |
| | GO:2000727 | | positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0060045 | | positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0045785 | | positive regulation of cell adhesion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion. |
| | GO:0030307 | | positive regulation of cell growth | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| | GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0060999 | | positive regulation of dendritic spine development | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dendritic spine over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0031643 | | positive regulation of myelination | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons. |
| | GO:0050731 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| | GO:0014068 | | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
| | GO:0051897 | | positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. |
| | GO:0045860 | | positive regulation of protein kinase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity. |
| | GO:2000010 | | positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface. |
| | GO:1903955 | | positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein targeting to mitochondrion. |
| | GO:0061098 | | positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| | GO:0051155 | | positive regulation of striated muscle cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0008217 | | regulation of blood pressure | | Any process that modulates the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system. The process is controlled by a balance of processes that increase pressure and decrease pressure. |
| | GO:0045595 | | regulation of cell differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation, the process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and functional features. |
| | GO:2000145 | | regulation of cell motility | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. |
| | GO:0014066 | | regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
| | GO:0043497 | | regulation of protein heterodimerization activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| | GO:0043496 | | regulation of protein homodimerization activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| | GO:0001964 | | startle response | | An action or movement due to the application of a sudden unexpected stimulus. |
| | GO:0007416 | | synapse assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional). |
| | GO:0007169 | | transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| | GO:0055012 | | ventricular cardiac muscle cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. |
| | GO:0003222 | | ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0042060 | | wound healing | | The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0016324 | | apical plasma membrane | | The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell. |
| | GO:0030673 | | axolemma | | The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness. |
| | GO:0030424 | | axon | | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. |
| | GO:0044297 | | cell body | | The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0030425 | | dendrite | | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. |
| | GO:0009897 | | external side of plasma membrane | | The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface. |
| | GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| | GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| | GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| | GO:0005887 | | integral component of plasma membrane | | The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| | GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| | GO:0031594 | | neuromuscular junction | | The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential. |
| | GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| | GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| | GO:0045202 | | synapse | | The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
Description
