molecular function |
| GO:0031713 | | B2 bradykinin receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a B2 bradykinin receptor. |
| GO:0001965 | | G-protein alpha-subunit binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a G-protein alpha subunit. The alpha subunit binds a guanine nucleotide. |
| GO:0004930 | | G-protein coupled receptor activity | | Combining with an extracellular signal and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating an associated G-protein; promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha subunit of a heterotrimeric G-protein complex. |
| GO:0008179 | | adenylate cyclase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme adenylate cyclase. |
| GO:0004935 | | adrenergic receptor activity | | Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine and transmitting the signal across the membrane by activating the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. |
| GO:0004941 | | beta2-adrenergic receptor activity | | Combining with epinephrine or norepinephrine to initiate a change in cell activity via activation of a G protein, with pharmacological characteristics of beta2-adrenergic receptors. |
| GO:0035240 | | dopamine binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter formed by aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine. |
| GO:0008144 | | drug binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a drug, any naturally occurring or synthetic substance, other than a nutrient, that, when administered or applied to an organism, affects the structure or functioning of the organism; in particular, any such substance used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease. |
| GO:0019899 | | enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
| GO:0051379 | | epinephrine binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with epinephrine, a hormone produced by the medulla of the adrenal glands that increases heart activity, improves the power and prolongs the action of muscles, and increases the rate and depth of breathing. It is synthesized by the methylation of norepinephrine. |
| GO:0035255 | | ionotropic glutamate receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Ionotropic glutamate receptors bind glutamate and exert an effect through the regulation of ion channels. |
| GO:0051380 | | norepinephrine binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with norepinephrine, (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-2-aminoethanol), a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla and a neurotransmitter in the sympathetic peripheral nervous system and in some tracts of the CNS. It is also the biosynthetic precursor of epinephrine. |
| GO:0015459 | | potassium channel regulator activity | | Modulates potassium channel activity via direct interaction interaction with a potassium channel (binding or modification). |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0032403 | | protein complex binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0004871 | | signal transducer activity | | Conveys a signal across a cell to trigger a change in cell function or state. A signal is a physical entity or change in state that is used to transfer information in order to trigger a response. |
biological process |
| GO:0007186 | | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576). |
| GO:0007190 | | activation of adenylate cyclase activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme adenylate cyclase. |
| GO:0007171 | | activation of transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity. |
| GO:0007189 | | adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| GO:0071880 | | adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an adrenergic receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds with activation of adenylyl cyclase and a subsequent increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| GO:0007188 | | adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP). |
| GO:0007568 | | aging | | A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). |
| GO:0008306 | | associative learning | | Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). |
| GO:0045453 | | bone resorption | | The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products. |
| GO:0050873 | | brown fat cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a brown adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell involved in adaptive thermogenesis. Brown adipocytes contain multiple small droplets of triglycerides and a high number of mitochondria. |
| GO:0007166 | | cell surface receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by activation of a receptor on the surface of a cell. The pathway begins with binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell surface receptor, or for receptors that signal in the absence of a ligand, by ligand-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0007267 | | cell-cell signaling | | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. |
| GO:0071456 | | cellular response to hypoxia | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| GO:0002032 | | desensitization of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway by arrestin | | The process that inhibits the signaling function of a G-protein coupled receptor by uncoupling the receptor from its downstream G proteins. |
| GO:0002086 | | diaphragm contraction | | A process in which force is generated within involuntary skeletal muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. This process occurs in the diaphragm. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. The diaphragm is a striated muscle that is necessary for the process of respiratory gaseous exchange. |
| GO:0002024 | | diet induced thermogenesis | | The process that results in increased metabolic rate in tissues of an organism. It is triggered by the detection of dietary excess. This process is achieved via signalling in the sympathetic nervous system. |
| GO:0008333 | | endosome to lysosome transport | | The directed movement of substances from endosomes to lysosomes. |
| GO:0044849 | | estrous cycle | | A type of ovulation cycle, which occurs in most mammalian therian females, where the endometrium is resorbed if pregnancy does not occur. |
| GO:0060079 | | excitatory postsynaptic potential | | A process that leads to a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential. |
| GO:0007565 | | female pregnancy | | The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. |
| GO:0031649 | | heat generation | | Any homeostatic process in which an organism produces heat, thereby raising its internal temperature. |
| GO:0001889 | | liver development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes. |
| GO:0097421 | | liver regeneration | | The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver. |
| GO:0016525 | | negative regulation of angiogenesis | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of angiogenesis. |
| GO:0050728 | | negative regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response. |
| GO:0040015 | | negative regulation of multicellular organism growth | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size. |
| GO:0030279 | | negative regulation of ossification | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. |
| GO:0090331 | | negative regulation of platelet aggregation | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules. |
| GO:0045986 | | negative regulation of smooth muscle contraction | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. |
| GO:0035811 | | negative regulation of urine volume | | Any process that decreases the amount of urine excreted from the body over a unit of time. |
| GO:0002025 | | norepinephrine-epinephrine-mediated vasodilation involved in regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure | | A process that results in an increase in the diameter of an artery during the norepinephrine-epinephrine response to blood pressure change. |
| GO:0032781 | | positive regulation of ATPase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase. |
| GO:0043410 | | positive regulation of MAPK cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. |
| GO:0043065 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:1901098 | | positive regulation of autophagosome maturation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of autophagosome maturation. |
| GO:0030501 | | positive regulation of bone mineralization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. |
| GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0045823 | | positive regulation of heart contraction | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. |
| GO:1904504 | | positive regulation of lipophagy | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lipophagy. |
| GO:1904925 | | positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization. |
| GO:0043268 | | positive regulation of potassium ion transport | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0031398 | | positive regulation of protein ubiquitination | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. |
| GO:0048633 | | positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue growth | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle growth. |
| GO:0010765 | | positive regulation of sodium ion transport | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0003059 | | positive regulation of the force of heart contraction by epinephrine | | The process in which the secretion of epinephrine into the bloodstream or released from nerve endings modulates the force of heart muscle contraction. |
| GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0006898 | | receptor-mediated endocytosis | | An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. |
| GO:0051924 | | regulation of calcium ion transport | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0051930 | | regulation of sensory perception of pain | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. |
| GO:0006940 | | regulation of smooth muscle contraction | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle contraction. |
| GO:0002028 | | regulation of sodium ion transport | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0001993 | | regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by norepinephrine-epinephrine | | The process in which the secretion of norepinephrine or epinephrine into the bloodstream modulates the force with which blood passes through the circulatory system. |
| GO:0009409 | | response to cold | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. |
| GO:0071548 | | response to dexamethasone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus. |
| GO:0043627 | | response to estrogen | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics. |
| GO:0001666 | | response to hypoxia | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| GO:0071867 | | response to monoamine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a monoamine stimulus. A monoamine is any of a group of molecular messengers that contain one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by ethylene group (-CH2-CH2-). Monoamines are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, histidine and tryptophan. |
| GO:0032570 | | response to progesterone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus. |
| GO:0033574 | | response to testosterone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0035249 | | synaptic transmission, glutamatergic | | The vesicular release of glutamate from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of glutamate receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse. |
| GO:0042060 | | wound healing | | The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
cellular component |
| GO:0016324 | | apical plasma membrane | | The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell. |
| GO:0030424 | | axon | | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. |
| GO:0005901 | | caveola | | A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0030425 | | dendrite | | A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body. |
| GO:0043197 | | dendritic spine | | A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity. |
| GO:0005769 | | early endosome | | A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways. |
| GO:0005768 | | endosome | | A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. |
| GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0005887 | | integral component of plasma membrane | | The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0043231 | | intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0005764 | | lysosome | | A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0032809 | | neuronal cell body membrane | | The plasma membrane of a neuron cell body - excludes the plasma membrane of cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0043235 | | receptor complex | | Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| GO:0042383 | | sarcolemma | | The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers. |