2GOO - JenaLib

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)

molecular function
	GO:0070700	BMP receptor binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a BMP receptor.
	GO:0046332	SMAD binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein.
	GO:0039706	co-receptor binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a coreceptor. A coreceptor acts in cooperation with a primary receptor to transmit a signal within the cell.
	GO:0005125	cytokine activity	Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells.
	GO:0008083	growth factor activity	The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation.
	GO:0019211	phosphatase activator activity	Increases the activity of a phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0046982	protein heterodimerization activity	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
	GO:0005102	receptor binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
	GO:0004745	retinol dehydrogenase activity	Catalysis of the reaction: retinol + NAD+ = retinal + NADH + H+.
	GO:0005160	transforming growth factor beta receptor binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor.
biological process
	GO:0030509	BMP signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
	GO:0003130	BMP signaling pathway involved in heart induction	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, which contributes to heart induction.
	GO:0007219	Notch signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
	GO:0060395	SMAD protein signal transduction	The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell.
	GO:0000187	activation of MAPK activity	The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
	GO:0009887	animal organ morphogenesis	Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
	GO:0003181	atrioventricular valve morphogenesis	The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.
	GO:0030282	bone mineralization	The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue.
	GO:0035630	bone mineralization involved in bone maturation	The deposition of hydroxyapatite, involved in the progression of the skeleton from its formation to its mature state.
	GO:0001658	branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
	GO:0060317	cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition	A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
	GO:0055007	cardiac muscle cell differentiation	The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction.
	GO:0055008	cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.
	GO:0035051	cardiocyte differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cell that will form part of the cardiac organ of an individual.
	GO:0051216	cartilage development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
	GO:0030154	cell differentiation	The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
	GO:0045165	cell fate commitment	The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
	GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions.
	GO:0071773	cellular response to BMP stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
	GO:0071363	cellular response to growth factor stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
	GO:0071407	cellular response to organic cyclic compound	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
	GO:0002062	chondrocyte differentiation	The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
	GO:0060128	corticotropin hormone secreting cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a corticotropic hormone secreting cell. An corticotropic hormone secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces corticotropin.
	GO:0009790	embryo development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant.
	GO:0035054	embryonic heart tube anterior/posterior pattern specification	The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of cell differentiation that results in the anterior/posterior subdivision of the embryonic heart tube. In Drosophila this results in subdivision of the dorsal vessel into to the posterior heart proper and the anterior aorta.
	GO:0003203	endocardial cushion morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
	GO:0001837	epithelial to mesenchymal transition	A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
	GO:0040007	growth	The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
	GO:0007507	heart development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
	GO:0001701	in utero embryonic development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
	GO:0006954	inflammatory response	The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages.
	GO:0048839	inner ear development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
	GO:0048762	mesenchymal cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types.
	GO:0072138	mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in ureteric bud development	The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population of the ureteric bud, that contributes to ureteric bud development.
	GO:0060485	mesenchyme development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a mesenchymal tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A mesenchymal tissue is made up of loosely packed stellate cells.
	GO:0007275	multicellular organism development	The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
	GO:0003308	negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, resulting a change in cell state that contributes to the progression of the heart over time.
	GO:0032348	negative regulation of aldosterone biosynthetic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of aldosterone.
	GO:0051042	negative regulation of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-independent cell-cell adhesion.
	GO:0090090	negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
	GO:2000726	negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation.
	GO:0045786	negative regulation of cell cycle	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
	GO:0008285	negative regulation of cell proliferation	Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
	GO:2000065	negative regulation of cortisol biosynthetic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cortisol biosynthetic process.
	GO:0010629	negative regulation of gene expression	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
	GO:0043569	negative regulation of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling.
	GO:0010894	negative regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of steroids, compounds with a 1,2,cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus.
	GO:0000122	negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
	GO:0045892	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
	GO:0042475	odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.
	GO:0001503	ossification	The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
	GO:0001649	osteoblast differentiation	The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.
	GO:0055114	oxidation-reduction process	A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
	GO:0060389	pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor.
	GO:0060039	pericardium development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pericardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pericardium is a double-walled sac that contains the heart and the roots of the aorta, vena cava and the pulmonary artery.
	GO:0070374	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
	GO:0043410	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
	GO:0030177	positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction.
	GO:0060804	positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway by BMP signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of any member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family binding to a cell surface receptor that results in an increase in the rate, frequency or extent of a Wnt signaling pathway.
	GO:0043065	positive regulation of apoptotic process	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
	GO:0048711	positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
	GO:0030501	positive regulation of bone mineralization	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
	GO:0061036	positive regulation of cartilage development	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
	GO:0045597	positive regulation of cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
	GO:0030335	positive regulation of cell migration	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
	GO:0001938	positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of endothelial cell proliferation.
	GO:0010718	positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
	GO:0045600	positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
	GO:0010628	positive regulation of gene expression	Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
	GO:0045666	positive regulation of neuron differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
	GO:0042482	positive regulation of odontogenesis	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth.
	GO:0045778	positive regulation of ossification	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
	GO:0045669	positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
	GO:0033690	positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
	GO:1900745	positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of p38MAPK cascade.
	GO:0010862	positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
	GO:0010922	positive regulation of phosphatase activity	Any process that increases the rate or frequency of phosphatase activity. Phosphatases catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
	GO:0032092	positive regulation of protein binding	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
	GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
	GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
	GO:1901522	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus	Any positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter that is involved in cellular response to chemical stimulus.
	GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
	GO:0031648	protein destabilization	Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.
	GO:0006468	protein phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
	GO:0006029	proteoglycan metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving proteoglycans, any glycoprotein in which the carbohydrate units are glycosaminoglycans.
	GO:0042487	regulation of odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of teeth, the hard, bony appendages which are borne on the jaws, or on other bones in the walls of the mouth or pharynx of most vertebrates.
	GO:0006355	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
	GO:0001666	response to hypoxia	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
	GO:0001501	skeletal system development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton).
	GO:0021537	telencephalon development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the telencephalon over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The telencephalon is the paired anteriolateral division of the prosencephalon plus the lamina terminalis from which the olfactory lobes, cerebral cortex, and subcortical nuclei are derived.
	GO:0021978	telencephalon regionalization	The regionalization process that creates areas within the forebrain that will direct the behavior of cell migration in differentiation as the telencephalon develops.
	GO:0060129	thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell differentiation	The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell. A thyroid-stimulating hormone-secreting cell is a basophil cell of the anterior pituitary that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyrotrophin.
cellular component
	GO:0070724	BMP receptor complex	A protein complex that acts as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); a homo- or heterodimer of type I and/or type II BMP receptor subunits.
	GO:0009986	cell surface	The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
	GO:0005576	extracellular region	The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
	GO:0005615	extracellular space	That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.

Chain B,E (BMR1A_HUMAN | P36894)

molecular function
	GO:0005524	ATP binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
	GO:0098821	BMP receptor activity	Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
	GO:0000981	RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
	GO:0046332	SMAD binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein.
	GO:0016301	kinase activity	Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
	GO:0046872	metal ion binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
	GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
	GO:0004672	protein kinase activity	Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
	GO:0004674	protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
	GO:0004702	signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine kinase activity	Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
	GO:0016740	transferase activity	Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
	GO:0004675	transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
biological process
	GO:0030509	BMP signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
	GO:0001880	Mullerian duct regression	The process in which the Mullerian ducts, primordia of the oviducts, uterus and upper vagina, undergo regression in male embryos.
	GO:0009952	anterior/posterior pattern specification	The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
	GO:0051216	cartilage development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cartilage element over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage elements are skeletal elements that consist of connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate.
	GO:0030154	cell differentiation	The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
	GO:0071773	cellular response to BMP stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
	GO:0002062	chondrocyte differentiation	The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage.
	GO:0048589	developmental growth	The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
	GO:0009950	dorsal/ventral axis specification	The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
	GO:0009953	dorsal/ventral pattern formation	The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
	GO:0007398	ectoderm development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ectoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, the ectoderm is the outer germ layer of the embryo, formed during gastrulation.
	GO:0042733	embryonic digit morphogenesis	The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the digit are generated and organized. A digit is one of the terminal divisions of an appendage, such as a finger or toe.
	GO:0048598	embryonic morphogenesis	The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. The embryonic phase begins with zygote formation. The end of the embryonic phase is organism-specific. For example, it would be at birth for mammals, larval hatching for insects and seed dormancy in plants.
	GO:0048568	embryonic organ development	Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
	GO:0003272	endocardial cushion formation	The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
	GO:0007492	endoderm development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
	GO:0007507	heart development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
	GO:0060914	heart formation	The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the heart from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the heart field and the arrival of cardiac neural crest to the heart region. The process ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
	GO:0003007	heart morphogenesis	The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
	GO:0035137	hindlimb morphogenesis	The process in which the anatomical structures of the hindlimb are generated and organized.
	GO:0006955	immune response	Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.
	GO:0001701	in utero embryonic development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
	GO:0048368	lateral mesoderm development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lateral mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
	GO:0030324	lung development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
	GO:0048382	mesendoderm development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesendoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In animal embryos, mesendoderm development gives rise to both mesoderm and endoderm tissues.
	GO:0001707	mesoderm formation	The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts.
	GO:0050768	negative regulation of neurogenesis	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
	GO:0007399	nervous system development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
	GO:0014032	neural crest cell development	The process aimed at the progression of a neural crest cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
	GO:0021998	neural plate mediolateral regionalization	The process that regulates the coordinated growth and differentiation that establishes the non-random mediolateral spatial arrangement of the neural plate.
	GO:0060896	neural plate pattern specification	The developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within the neural plate to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
	GO:0042475	odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.
	GO:0060021	palate development	The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.
	GO:0048339	paraxial mesoderm development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the paraxial mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube.
	GO:0048352	paraxial mesoderm structural organization	The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the paraxial mesoderm. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure.
	GO:0007389	pattern specification process	Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate.
	GO:0016310	phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
	GO:0021983	pituitary gland development	The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
	GO:0060391	positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
	GO:0030501	positive regulation of bone mineralization	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
	GO:0050679	positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
	GO:0002053	positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation	The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
	GO:0045669	positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
	GO:0010862	positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
	GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
	GO:0045893	positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
	GO:0006468	protein phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
	GO:2000772	regulation of cellular senescence	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
	GO:0048378	regulation of lateral mesodermal cell fate specification	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of lateral mesoderm cell fate specification.
	GO:0023014	signal transduction by protein phosphorylation	A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.
	GO:0001756	somitogenesis	The formation of mesodermal clusters that are arranged segmentally along the anterior posterior axis of an embryo.
	GO:0019827	stem cell population maintenance	The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.
	GO:0007179	transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
	GO:0007178	transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cellular component
	GO:1990712	HFE-transferrin receptor complex	A protein complex containing at least HFE and a transferrin receptor (either TFR1/TFRC or TFR2), proposed to play a role in the sensing of transferrin-bound Fe (Fe2-Tf) on the plasma membrane to regulate hepcidin transcription.
	GO:0005901	caveola	A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
	GO:0030425	dendrite	A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
	GO:0009897	external side of plasma membrane	The leaflet of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
	GO:0016021	integral component of membrane	The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
	GO:0016020	membrane	A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
	GO:0043025	neuronal cell body	The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

Chain C,F (AVR2A_MOUSE | P27038)

molecular function
	GO:0005524	ATP binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
	GO:0098821	BMP receptor activity	Combining with a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family, and transmitting a signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
	GO:0030165	PDZ domain binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins.
	GO:0048185	activin binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits.
	GO:0017002	activin-activated receptor activity	Combining with activin and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity. Activin is one of two gonadal glycoproteins related to transforming growth factor beta.
	GO:0015026	coreceptor activity	Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger, and in cooperation with a nearby primary receptor, initiating a change in cell activity.
	GO:0019838	growth factor binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate.
	GO:0034711	inhibin binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an inhibin monomer, any of the polypeptides that combine to form activin and inhibin dimers.
	GO:0016301	kinase activity	Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
	GO:0046872	metal ion binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
	GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0004672	protein kinase activity	Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
	GO:0043621	protein self-association	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a domain within the same polypeptide.
	GO:0004674	protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
	GO:0004702	signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine kinase activity	Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
	GO:0016740	transferase activity	Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
	GO:0004675	transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity	Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate.
biological process
	GO:0030509	BMP signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
	GO:0060011	Sertoli cell proliferation	The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
	GO:0032924	activin receptor signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
	GO:0009952	anterior/posterior pattern specification	The regionalization process in which specific areas of cell differentiation are determined along the anterior-posterior axis. The anterior-posterior axis is defined by a line that runs from the head or mouth of an organism to the tail or opposite end of the organism.
	GO:0071773	cellular response to BMP stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus.
	GO:0007368	determination of left/right symmetry	The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
	GO:0048706	embryonic skeletal system development	The process, occurring during the embryonic phase, whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
	GO:0001702	gastrulation with mouth forming second	A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second.
	GO:0008584	male gonad development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
	GO:0007498	mesoderm development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue.
	GO:0043084	penile erection	The hardening, enlarging and rising of the penis which often occurs in the sexually aroused male and enables sexual intercourse. Achieved by increased inflow of blood into the vessels of erectile tissue, and decreased outflow.
	GO:0016310	phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
	GO:0032927	positive regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway.
	GO:0030501	positive regulation of bone mineralization	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization.
	GO:0045648	positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
	GO:0045669	positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
	GO:0010862	positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation	Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways.
	GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
	GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
	GO:0006468	protein phosphorylation	The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
	GO:0030510	regulation of BMP signaling pathway	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any BMP receptor signaling pathway.
	GO:0050999	regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	Any process that modulates the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
	GO:0009966	regulation of signal transduction	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
	GO:0023014	signal transduction by protein phosphorylation	A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.
	GO:0042713	sperm ejaculation	The expulsion of seminal fluid, thick white fluid containing spermatozoa, from the male genital tract.
	GO:0007283	spermatogenesis	The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
	GO:0007178	transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway	A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cellular component
	GO:0009986	cell surface	The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
	GO:0034673	inhibin-betaglycan-ActRII complex	A protein complex that consists of inhibin, type III transforming growth factor beta receptor (also known as betaglycan), and the type II activin receptor ActRII. The complex is thought to negatively regulate the activity of activin B.
	GO:0016021	integral component of membrane	The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
	GO:0016020	membrane	A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
	GO:0043235	receptor complex	Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

Description

Compounds

Structural Features

Chains, Units

Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions (1, 4)

Sites (4, 4)

SS Bonds (25, 25)

Cis Peptide Bonds (4, 4)

Sequence-Structure Mapping

SAPs(SNPs)/Variants (6, 12)

PROSITE Motifs (1, 2)

Exons (4, 8)

Sequences/Alignments

Classification and Annotation

SCOP Domains (3, 6)

CATH Domains (2, 6)

Pfam Domains (0, 0)

Gene Ontology (192, 235)

Visualization

Interactive Views

Still Images

Databases and Analysis Tools

Databases

Analysis Tools

Related Entries

Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

Related Entries Specified in the PDB File