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Biological Unit 2 (Jmol Viewer)

Title :   HUMAN CENTRIN 2 XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM GROUP C PROTEIN COMPLEX

Authors :   J. R. Thompson

Date :   24 Mar 06 (Deposition) - 25 Apr 06 (Release) - 24 Feb 09 (Revision)

Method :   X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Resolution :   2.35

Chains :   Asym. Unit : A,B,C,D
Biol. Unit 1: A,C  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2: B,D  (1x)

Keywords :   Ef-Hand Superfamily, Dna Repair Complex, Cell Cycle (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )

Reference :   J. R. Thompson, Z. C. Ryan, J. L. Salisbury, R. Kumar
The Structure Of The Human Centrin 2-Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C Protein Complex.
J. Biol. Chem. V. 281 18746 2006
PubMed-ID: 16627479 | Reference-DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M513667200
(for further references see the PDB file header)

Molecule 1 - CENTRIN-2
	Chains	:	A, B
	Engineered	:	YES
	Expression System	:	ESCHERICHIA COLI
	Expression System Taxid	:	562
	Gene	:	CETN2, CALT, CEN2
	Organism Common	:	HUMAN
	Organism Scientific	:	HOMO SAPIENS
	Organism Taxid	:	9606
	Synonym	:	CALTRACTIN ISOFORM 1

Molecule 2 - DNA-REPAIR PROTEIN COMPLEMENTING XP-C CELLS
	Chains	:	C, D
	Engineered	:	YES
	Fragment	:	CENTRIN BINDING REGION (RESIDUES 846-862)
	Other Details	:	NATURALLY OCCURRING SEQUENCE IN HUMANS.
	Synonym	:	XERODERMA PIGMENTOSUM GROUP C COMPLEMENTING PROTEIN, P125
	Synthetic	:	YES

		1	2	3	4
Asymmetric Unit	:	A	B	C	D
Biological Unit 1 (1x)	:	A		C
Biological Unit 2 (1x)	:		B		D

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 18)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	CA	4	Ligand/Ion	CALCIUM ION
2	MSE	14	Mod. Amino Acid	SELENOMETHIONINE

Biological Unit 1 (1, 7)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	CA	-1	Ligand/Ion	CALCIUM ION
2	MSE	7	Mod. Amino Acid	SELENOMETHIONINE

Biological Unit 2 (1, 7)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	CA	-1	Ligand/Ion	CALCIUM ION
2	MSE	7	Mod. Amino Acid	SELENOMETHIONINE

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)

No.	Name	Evidence	Residues	Description
1	AC1	SOFTWARE	ASP A:114 , ASP A:116 , THR A:118 , LYS A:120 , ASN A:125 , HOH A:411	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA A 400
2	AC2	SOFTWARE	ASP A:150 , ASP A:152 , ASP A:154 , GLU A:156 , GLU A:161 , HOH A:490	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA A 401
3	AC3	SOFTWARE	ASP B:114 , ASP B:116 , THR B:118 , LYS B:120 , ASN B:125 , HOH B:437	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA B 402
4	AC4	SOFTWARE	ASP B:150 , ASP B:152 , ASP B:154 , GLU B:156 , GLU B:161 , HOH B:412	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA B 403

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2GGM)

Asymmetric Unit

No.	Residues
1	Leu B:25	-	Thr B:26
2	Thr B:26	-	Glu B:27

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2GGM)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 12)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	EF_HAND_2	PS50222	EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile.	CETN2_HUMAN	28-63 64-99 101-136 137-172	8	A:28-63 B:28-63 A:64-99 B:64-99 A:101-136 B:101-136 A:137-172 B:137-168
2	EF_HAND_1	PS00018	EF-hand calcium-binding domain.	CETN2_HUMAN	41-53 150-162	4	A:41-53 B:41-53 A:150-162 B:150-162

Biological Unit 1 (2, 6)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	EF_HAND_2	PS50222	EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile.	CETN2_HUMAN	28-63 64-99 101-136 137-172	4	A:28-63 - A:64-99 - A:101-136 - A:137-172 -
2	EF_HAND_1	PS00018	EF-hand calcium-binding domain.	CETN2_HUMAN	41-53 150-162	2	A:41-53 - A:150-162 -

Biological Unit 2 (2, 6)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	EF_HAND_2	PS50222	EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile.	CETN2_HUMAN	28-63 64-99 101-136 137-172	4	- B:28-63 - B:64-99 - B:101-136 - B:137-168
2	EF_HAND_1	PS00018	EF-hand calcium-binding domain.	CETN2_HUMAN	41-53 150-162	2	- B:41-53 - B:150-162

Asymmetric Unit (5, 10)

	ENSEMBL					UniProtKB			PDB
No.	Transcript ID	Exon	Exon ID	Genome Location	Length	ID	Location	Length	Count	Location	Length
1.1a	ENST00000285021	1a	ENSE00002078782	chr3:14220283-14219966	318	XPC_HUMAN	1-35	35	0	-	-
1.2	ENST00000285021	2	ENSE00001160413	chr3:14214562-14214367	196	XPC_HUMAN	35-100	66	0	-	-
1.3c	ENST00000285021	3c	ENSE00001160407	chr3:14212050-14211938	113	XPC_HUMAN	100-138	39	0	-	-
1.4b	ENST00000285021	4b	ENSE00001711961	chr3:14209880-14209757	124	XPC_HUMAN	138-179	42	0	-	-
1.5b	ENST00000285021	5b	ENSE00001790537	chr3:14208753-14208669	85	XPC_HUMAN	179-207	29	0	-	-
1.6	ENST00000285021	6	ENSE00001693781	chr3:14207085-14206928	158	XPC_HUMAN	208-260	53	0	-	-
1.7b	ENST00000285021	7b	ENSE00001160376	chr3:14206433-14206313	121	XPC_HUMAN	260-300	41	0	-	-
1.8	ENST00000285021	8	ENSE00001160371	chr3:14201330-14201241	90	XPC_HUMAN	301-330	30	0	-	-
1.9b	ENST00000285021	9b	ENSE00001017578	chr3:14200392-14199511	882	XPC_HUMAN	331-624	294	0	-	-
1.10	ENST00000285021	10	ENSE00001289098	chr3:14197995-14197835	161	XPC_HUMAN	625-678	54	0	-	-
1.11	ENST00000285021	11	ENSE00001160334	chr3:14193916-14193835	82	XPC_HUMAN	678-705	28	0	-	-
1.12a	ENST00000285021	12a	ENSE00001160328	chr3:14190448-14190314	135	XPC_HUMAN	706-750	45	0	-	-
1.13	ENST00000285021	13	ENSE00001160320	chr3:14190231-14190062	170	XPC_HUMAN	751-807	57	0	-	-
1.14a	ENST00000285021	14a	ENSE00001160311	chr3:14189501-14189408	94	XPC_HUMAN	807-838	32	0	-	-
1.15	ENST00000285021	15	ENSE00001160303	chr3:14188879-14188790	90	XPC_HUMAN	839-868	30	2	C:847-863 D:847-863	17 17
1.16c	ENST00000285021	16c	ENSE00001914924	chr3:14187659-14186647	1013	XPC_HUMAN	869-940	72	0	-	-

2.1	ENST00000370277	1	ENSE00001452251	X:151999321-151999252	70	CETN2_HUMAN	1-1	1	0	-	-
2.2a	ENST00000370277	2a	ENSE00001302515	X:151998304-151998146	159	CETN2_HUMAN	2-54	53	2	A:24-54 B:25-54	31 30
2.3a	ENST00000370277	3a	ENSE00000979874	X:151997821-151997693	129	CETN2_HUMAN	55-97	43	2	A:55-97 B:55-97	43 43
2.3c	ENST00000370277	3c	ENSE00000979875	X:151997218-151997081	138	CETN2_HUMAN	98-143	46	2	A:98-143 B:98-143	46 46
2.4b	ENST00000370277	4b	ENSE00001452248	X:151996474-151995517	958	CETN2_HUMAN	144-172	29	2	A:144-172 B:144-168	29 25

Asymmetric Unit

Reformat:	Number of residues per line = ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
	Number of residues per labelling interval =
	UniProt sequence: complete aligned part

Show mapping:	SCOP domains	CATH domains	Pfam domains	Secondary structure (by author)
	SAPs(SNPs)	PROSITE motifs	Exons
	(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:149
 aligned with CETN2_HUMAN | P41208 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:172

    Alignment length:149
                                    33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163         
          CETN2_HUMAN    24 ELTEEQKQEIREAFDLFDADGTGTIDVKELKVAMRALGFEPKKEEIKKMISEIDKEGTGKMNFGDFLTVMTQKMSEKDTKEEILKAFKLFDDDETGKISFKNLKRVAKELGENLTDEELQEMIDEADRDGDGEVSEQEFLRIMKKTSLY 172
               SCOP domains d2ggma1 A:24-166 Calmodulin                                                                                                                    ------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eee..hhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ----EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:28-63             EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:64-99             -EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:101-136           EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:137-172            PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) -----------------EF_HAND_1    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EF_HAND_1    ---------- PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 2 Exon 2.2a  PDB: A:24-54        Exon 2.3a  PDB: A:55-97 UniProt: 55-97     Exon 2.3c  PDB: A:98-143 UniProt: 98-143      Exon 2.4b  PDB: A:144-172     Transcript 2
                 2ggm A  24 ELTEEQKQEIREAFDLFDADGTGTIDVKELKVAmRALGFEPKKEEIKKmISEIDKEGTGKmNFGDFLTVmTQKmSEKDTKEEILKAFKLFDDDETGKISFKNLKRVAKELGENLTDEELQEmIDEADRDGDGEVSEQEFLRImKKTSLY 172
                                    33        43        53   |    63        73        83|       93   |   103       113       123       133       143 |     153       163  |      
                                                            57-MSE         72-MSE      84-MSE   93-MSE                                             145-MSE              166-MSE  
                                                                                                    97-MSE

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:144
 aligned with CETN2_HUMAN | P41208 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:172

    Alignment length:144
                                    34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164    
          CETN2_HUMAN    25 LTEEQKQEIREAFDLFDADGTGTIDVKELKVAMRALGFEPKKEEIKKMISEIDKEGTGKMNFGDFLTVMTQKMSEKDTKEEILKAFKLFDDDETGKISFKNLKRVAKELGENLTDEELQEMIDEADRDGDGEVSEQEFLRIMKK 168
               SCOP domains d2ggmb1 B:25-166 Calmodulin                                                                                                                   -- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eee..hhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ---EF_HAND_2  PDB: B:28-63             EF_HAND_2  PDB: B:64-99             -EF_HAND_2  PDB: B:101-136           EF_HAND_2  PDB: B:137-168        PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ----------------EF_HAND_1    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EF_HAND_1    ------ PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 2 Exon 2.2a  PDB: B:25-54       Exon 2.3a  PDB: B:55-97 UniProt: 55-97     Exon 2.3c  PDB: B:98-143 UniProt: 98-143      Exon 2.4b  PDB: B:144-168 Transcript 2
                 2ggm B  25 LTEEQKQEIREAFDLFDADGTGTIDVKELKVAmRALGFEPKKEEIKKmISEIDKEGTGKmNFGDFLTVmTQKmSEKDTKEEILKAFKLFDDDETGKISFKNLKRVAKELGENLTDEELQEmIDEADRDGDGEVSEQEFLRImKK 168
                                    34        44        54  |     64       |74        84        94  |    104       114       124       134       144|      154       164 |  
                                                           57-MSE         72-MSE      84-MSE   93-MSE                                             145-MSE              166-MSE
                                                                                                   97-MSE

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:17
 aligned with XPC_HUMAN | Q01831 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:940

    Alignment length:17
                                   856       
            XPC_HUMAN   847 NWKLLAKGLLIRERLKR 863
               SCOP domains ----------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.15         Transcript 1
                 2ggm C 847 NWKLLAKGLLIRERLKR 863
                                   856

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:17
 aligned with XPC_HUMAN | Q01831 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:940

    Alignment length:17
                                   856       
            XPC_HUMAN   847 NWKLLAKGLLIRERLKR 863
               SCOP domains ----------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.15         Transcript 1
                 2ggm D 847 NWKLLAKGLLIRERLKR 863
                                   856

Legend:		→ Mismatch	(orange background)
	-	→ Gap	(green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
		→ Modified Residue	(blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
	x	→ Chemical Group	(purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
	extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '\|'

Asymmetric Unit

Classes(

)

Folds(

)

Superfamilies( (-)

)

Families(

)

Protein Domains( (-)

)

Organisms( (-)

)

Class: All alpha proteins (14657)

Fold: EF Hand-like (739)

Superfamily: EF-hand (657)

Family: Calmodulin-like (356)

Protein domain: Calmodulin (152)

Human (Homo sapiens) [TaxId: 9606] (74)

1a	d2ggma1	A:24-166
1b	d2ggmb1	B:25-166

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2GGM)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2GGM)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)

Chain A,B (CETN2_HUMAN | P41208)

molecular function
	GO:0031683	G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a complex of G-protein beta/gamma subunits.
	GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
	GO:0032795	heterotrimeric G-protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heterotrimeric G-protein.
	GO:0046872	metal ion binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
	GO:0008017	microtubule binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
	GO:0006281	DNA repair	The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
	GO:0000086	G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle	The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G2 commits to M phase. The process begins when the kinase activity of M cyclin/CDK complex reaches a threshold high enough for the cell cycle to proceed. This is accomplished by activating a positive feedback loop that results in the accumulation of unphosphorylated and active M cyclin/CDK complex.
	GO:0007049	cell cycle	The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
	GO:0051301	cell division	The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.
	GO:0006974	cellular response to DNA damage stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
	GO:0007099	centriole replication	The cell cycle process in which a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type. Duplicated centrioles also become the ciliary basal body in cells that form cilia during G0.
	GO:0070911	global genome nucleotide-excision repair	The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
	GO:0006289	nucleotide-excision repair	A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).
	GO:0000715	nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition	The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.
	GO:0000717	nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding	The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.
	GO:0006294	nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
	GO:0016925	protein sumoylation	The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
	GO:0032465	regulation of cytokinesis	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.
	GO:0007283	spermatogenesis	The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
cellular component
	GO:0071942	XPC complex	A nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in damage sensing during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). It is part of the pre-incision (or initial recognition) complex bound to sites of DNA damage. In human, it is composed of XPC, RAD23B and CETN2.
	GO:0005814	centriole	A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
	GO:0005813	centrosome	A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
	GO:0036064	ciliary basal body	A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium (also called flagellum) that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth. As well as anchoring the cilium, it is thought to provide a selective gateway regulating the entry of ciliary proteins and vesicles by intraflagellar transport.
	GO:0005929	cilium	A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface and of some cytoplasmic parts. Each cilium is largely bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic (plasma) membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored to a basal body.
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
	GO:0005856	cytoskeleton	Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
	GO:0005829	cytosol	The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
	GO:0005622	intracellular	The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
	GO:0005634	nucleus	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
	GO:0032391	photoreceptor connecting cilium	The portion of the photoreceptor cell cilium linking the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. It's considered to be equivalent to the ciliary transition zone.

Chain C,D (XPC_HUMAN | Q01831)

molecular function
	GO:0003677	DNA binding	Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
	GO:0000405	bubble DNA binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA.
	GO:0003684	damaged DNA binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with damaged DNA.
	GO:0000404	heteroduplex DNA loop binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing a loop. A loop occurs when DNA contains a large insertion or deletion that causes a region of unpaired single-stranded DNA to loop out, while the rest of the DNA is in a paired double-stranded configuration.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0003697	single-stranded DNA binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded DNA.
biological process
	GO:0006281	DNA repair	The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
	GO:0070914	UV-damage excision repair	A DNA repair process that is initiated by an endonuclease that introduces a single-strand incision immediately 5' of a UV-induced damage site. UV-damage excision repair acts on both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs).
	GO:0006974	cellular response to DNA damage stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
	GO:0070911	global genome nucleotide-excision repair	The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
	GO:0031573	intra-S DNA damage checkpoint	A mitotic cell cycle checkpoint that slows DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progression.
	GO:0006298	mismatch repair	A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination.
	GO:0006289	nucleotide-excision repair	A DNA repair process in which a small region of the strand surrounding the damage is removed from the DNA helix as an oligonucleotide. The small gap left in the DNA helix is filled in by the sequential action of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase. Nucleotide excision repair recognizes a wide range of substrates, including damage caused by UV irradiation (pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) and chemicals (intrastrand cross-links and bulky adducts).
	GO:0000715	nucleotide-excision repair, DNA damage recognition	The identification of lesions in DNA, such as pyrimidine-dimers, intrastrand cross-links, and bulky adducts. The wide range of substrate specificity suggests the repair complex recognizes distortions in the DNA helix.
	GO:0000717	nucleotide-excision repair, DNA duplex unwinding	The unwinding, or local denaturation, of the DNA duplex to create a bubble around the site of the DNA damage.
	GO:0006294	nucleotide-excision repair, preincision complex assembly	The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of proteins on DNA to form the multiprotein complex involved in damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at the site of DNA damage. This assembly occurs before the phosphodiester backbone of the damaged strand is cleaved 3' and 5' of the site of DNA damage.
	GO:0016925	protein sumoylation	The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
	GO:1901990	regulation of mitotic cell cycle phase transition	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitotic cell cycle phase transition.
	GO:0010224	response to UV-B	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
	GO:0010996	response to auditory stimulus	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an auditory stimulus.
	GO:0042493	response to drug	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
cellular component
	GO:0071942	XPC complex	A nucleotide-excision repair complex that is involved in damage sensing during global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER). It is part of the pre-incision (or initial recognition) complex bound to sites of DNA damage. In human, it is composed of XPC, RAD23B and CETN2.
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
	GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
	GO:0005730	nucleolus	A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
	GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
	GO:0000111	nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex	One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity. In S. cerevisiae, it is composed of Rad4p and Rad23p.
	GO:0005634	nucleus	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

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