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(-) Description

Title :  SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN OF THE INSULIN RECEPTOR IN MICELLES
 
Authors :  Q. Li, Y. L. Wong, C. Kang
Date :  20 Oct 13  (Deposition) - 02 Apr 14  (Release) - 02 Apr 14  (Revision)
Method :  SOLUTION NMR
Resolution :  NOT APPLICABLE
Chains :  NMR Structure  :  A  (20x)
NMR Structure *:  A  (1x)
Keywords :  Insulin Recepotr, Membrane Protein, Detergent Micelles, Transferase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  Q. Li, Y. L. Wong, C. Kang
Solution Structure Of The Transmembrane Domain Of The Insulin Receptor In Detergent Micelles
Biochim. Biophys. Acta V. 1838 1313 2014
PubMed-ID: 24440425  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.BBAMEM.2014.01.005

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - INSULIN RECEPTOR
    ChainsA
    EC Number2.7.10.1
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System StrainBL21DE3
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System VectorPET29B
    Expression System Vector TypeVECTOR
    FragmentUNP RESIDUES 940-988
    GeneINSR
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymIR

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
NMR Structure (20x)A
NMR Structure * (1x)A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 2MFR)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 2MFR)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2MFR)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2MFR)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2MFR)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 2MFR)

(-) Exons   (4, 4)

NMR Structure (4, 4)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1ENST000003028501ENSE00001283493chr19:7294011-7293803209INSR_HUMAN1-34340--
1.2ENST000003028502ENSE00001157643chr19:7267907-7267356552INSR_HUMAN34-2181850--
1.3ENST000003028503ENSE00001157630chr19:7184648-7184327322INSR_HUMAN218-3251080--
1.4ENST000003028504ENSE00001157622chr19:7174742-7174594149INSR_HUMAN325-375510--
1.5ENST000003028505ENSE00001157620chr19:7172445-7172301145INSR_HUMAN375-423490--
1.6ENST000003028506ENSE00001157613chr19:7170762-7170548215INSR_HUMAN423-495730--
1.7ENST000003028507ENSE00001157603chr19:7168105-7167979127INSR_HUMAN495-537430--
1.8ENST000003028508ENSE00001157594chr19:7166415-7166165251INSR_HUMAN537-621850--
1.9ENST000003028509ENSE00001157586chr19:7163210-7163043168INSR_HUMAN621-677570--
1.10ENST0000030285010ENSE00001157582chr19:7152938-7152737202INSR_HUMAN677-744680--
1.11ENST0000030285011ENSE00001157509chr19:7150543-715050836INSR_HUMAN744-756130--
1.12ENST0000030285012ENSE00001157577chr19:7143101-7142827275INSR_HUMAN756-848930--
1.13ENST0000030285013ENSE00001157569chr19:7141827-7141688140INSR_HUMAN848-894470--
1.14ENST0000030285014ENSE00001157563chr19:7132328-7132169160INSR_HUMAN895-948541A:1-1010
1.15ENST0000030285015ENSE00001157555chr19:7128965-7128863103INSR_HUMAN948-982351A:10-4435
1.16ENST0000030285016ENSE00001157546chr19:7126662-712659568INSR_HUMAN982-1005241A:44-507
1.17ENST0000030285017ENSE00001157539chr19:7125538-7125294245INSR_HUMAN1005-1086821A:51-577
1.18ENST0000030285018ENSE00001157531chr19:7123000-7122890111INSR_HUMAN1087-1123370--
1.19ENST0000030285019ENSE00001157526chr19:7122784-7122625160INSR_HUMAN1124-1177540--
1.20ENST0000030285020ENSE00001686057chr19:7120760-7120631130INSR_HUMAN1177-1220440--
1.21ENST0000030285021ENSE00001157513chr19:7119594-7119460135INSR_HUMAN1220-1265460--
1.22ENST0000030285022ENSE00001383357chr19:7117421-71122665156INSR_HUMAN1265-13821180--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

NMR Structure
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:57
 aligned with INSR_HUMAN | P06213 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1382

    Alignment length:147
                                   948       958       968       978       988       998      1008      1018      1028      1038      1048      1058      1068      1078       
          INSR_HUMAN    939 PTYFYVTDYLDVPSNIAKIIIGPLIFVFLFSVVIGSIYLFLRKRQPDGPLGPLYASSNPEYLSASDVFPCSVYVPDEWEVSREKITLLRELGQGSFGMVYEGNARDIIKGEAETRVAVKTVNESASLRERIEFLNEASVMKGFTCHH 1085
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------....... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.14 ---------------------------------Exon 1.16  PDB: A:44-50 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------Exon 1.15  PDB: A:10-44            ----------------------Exon 1.17  PDB: A:51-57 UniProt: 1005-1086 [INCOMPLETE]                           Transcript 1 (2)
                2mfr A    1 MTYFYVTDYLDVPSNIAKIIIGPLIFVFLFSVVIGSIYLFLRKRQPDGPL------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EHHHHHH   57
                                    10        20        30        40        50         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -         -|      
                                                                            50                                                                                         51      

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2MFR)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2MFR)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2MFR)

(-) Gene Ontology  (98, 98)

NMR Structure(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (INSR_HUMAN | P06213)
molecular function
    GO:0043423    3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase.
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0005525    GTP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
    GO:0051425    PTB domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of a protein.
    GO:0043559    insulin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0043560    insulin receptor substrate binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, adaptor proteins that bind to the transphosphorylated insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors, are themselves phosphorylated and in turn recruit SH2 domain-containing signaling molecules to form a productive signaling complex.
    GO:0005009    insulin-activated receptor activity    Combining with insulin and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity.
    GO:0031994    insulin-like growth factor I binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin-like growth factor I.
    GO:0031995    insulin-like growth factor II binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin-like growth factor II.
    GO:0005159    insulin-like growth factor receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin-like growth factor receptor.
    GO:0016301    kinase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
    GO:0031405    lipoic acid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with lipoic acid, 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanoic acid.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0043548    phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a phosphate group to an inositol lipid at the 3' position of the inositol ring.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0032403    protein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
    GO:0004672    protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0019903    protein phosphatase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.
    GO:0004713    protein tyrosine kinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
    GO:0004716    signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with protein tyrosine kinase activity    Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
    GO:0016740    transferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
    GO:0004714    transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity    Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate.
biological process
    GO:0007186    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
    GO:0000187    activation of MAPK activity    The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK).
    GO:0032148    activation of protein kinase B activity    Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
    GO:0032147    activation of protein kinase activity    Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase.
    GO:0030325    adrenal gland development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the adrenal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. This gland can either be a discrete structure located bilaterally above each kidney, or a cluster of cells in the head kidney that perform the functions of the adrenal gland. In either case, this organ consists of two cells types, aminergic chromaffin cells and steroidogenic cortical cells.
    GO:0009887    animal organ morphogenesis    Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
    GO:0005975    carbohydrate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. Includes the formation of carbohydrate derivatives by the addition of a carbohydrate residue to another molecule.
    GO:0071363    cellular response to growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0032869    cellular response to insulin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0008544    epidermis development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
    GO:0031017    exocrine pancreas development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the exocrine pancreas over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The exocrine pancreas produces and store zymogens of digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in the acinar cells.
    GO:0045444    fat cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
    GO:0042593    glucose homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of glucose within an organism or cell.
    GO:0003007    heart morphogenesis    The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0008286    insulin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
    GO:0008584    male gonad development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0030238    male sex determination    The specification of male sex of an individual organism.
    GO:0010629    negative regulation of gene expression    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0001933    negative regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0032410    negative regulation of transporter activity    Any process that stops or reduces the activity of a transporter.
    GO:0038083    peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation    The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.
    GO:0018108    peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.
    GO:0016310    phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
    GO:0045740    positive regulation of DNA replication    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication.
    GO:0043410    positive regulation of MAPK cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
    GO:0030335    positive regulation of cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0048639    positive regulation of developmental growth    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of developmental growth.
    GO:0046326    positive regulation of glucose import    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the import of the hexose monosaccharide glucose into a cell or organelle.
    GO:0045725    positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycogen.
    GO:0045821    positive regulation of glycolytic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glycolysis.
    GO:0010560    positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
    GO:0051446    positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
    GO:0045840    positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
    GO:0045429    positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide.
    GO:0051897    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
    GO:0001934    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0060267    positive regulation of respiratory burst    Any process that increases the rate frequency or extent of a phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0046777    protein autophosphorylation    The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
    GO:0051290    protein heterotetramerization    The formation of a protein heterotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated subunits, of which not all are identical.
    GO:0006468    protein phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
    GO:0045995    regulation of embryonic development    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development.
    GO:2000194    regulation of female gonad development    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of female gonad development.
    GO:0010310    regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0014823    response to activity    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
    GO:0032355    response to estradiol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
    GO:0045471    response to ethanol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
    GO:0051384    response to glucocorticoid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
    GO:0009725    response to hormone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus.
    GO:0032868    response to insulin    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0010042    response to manganese ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
    GO:0031667    response to nutrient levels    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
    GO:0033574    response to testosterone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a testosterone stimulus.
    GO:0034612    response to tumor necrosis factor    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a tumor necrosis factor stimulus.
    GO:0033280    response to vitamin D    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
    GO:0023014    signal transduction by protein phosphorylation    A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate.
    GO:0019087    transformation of host cell by virus    Any virus-induced change in the morphological, biochemical, or growth parameters of a cell.
    GO:0007169    transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
cellular component
    GO:0005901    caveola    A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:0010008    endosome membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005899    insulin receptor complex    A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005887    integral component of plasma membrane    The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0043231    intracellular membrane-bounded organelle    Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0043235    receptor complex    Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

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 Related Entries

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        INSR_HUMAN | P062131gag 1i44 1ir3 1irk 1p14 1rqq 2auh 2b4s 2hr7 2z8c 3bu3 3bu5 3bu6 3ekk 3ekn 3eta 3w11 3w12 3w13 3w14 4ibm 4oga 4xlv 4xss 4xst 4zxb 5e1s 5hhw 5j3h

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