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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF FOXP2 BOUND SPECIFICALLY TO DNA.
 
Authors :  J. C. Stroud, Y. Wu, D. L. Bates, A. Han, K. Nowick, S. Paabo, H. Tong, L. Chen
Date :  16 Jun 05  (Deposition) - 31 Jan 06  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.90
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B,C,D,F,G,H,I,J,K
Keywords :  Forkhead, Double-Helix, Swapping, Homodimer, Monomer, Winged-Helix, Magnesium, Transcription/Dna Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  J. C. Stroud, Y. Wu, D. L. Bates, A. Han, K. Nowick, S. Paabo, H. Tong, L. Chen
Structure Of The Forkhead Domain Of Foxp2 Bound To Dna.
Structure V. 14 159 2006
PubMed-ID: 16407075  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.STR.2005.10.005
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - 5'- D(*AP*AP*CP*TP*AP*TP*GP*AP*AP*AP*CP*AP*AP*AP*TP*TP*TP*TP*CP *CP*T)-3'
    ChainsA, C
    EngineeredYES
    Other DetailsPROMOTER ELEMENT OF A FOXP REGULATED GENE, PLUS STRAND
    Other Details - SourceDNA IS SYNTHESIZED BY SOLID PHASE METHOD
    SyntheticYES
 
Molecule 2 - 5'- D(*TP*TP*AP*GP*GP*AP*AP*AP*AP*TP*TP*TP*GP*TP*TP*TP*CP*AP*TP *AP*G)-3'
    ChainsB, D
    EngineeredYES
    Other DetailsPROMOTER ELEMENT OF A FOXP REGULATED GENE, MINUS STRAND
    Other Details - SourceDNA IS SYNTHESIZED BY SOLID PHASE METHOD
    SyntheticYES
 
Molecule 3 - FORKHEAD BOX PROTEIN P2
    ChainsF, G, H, I, J, K
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    FragmentFOXP2 FORKHEAD DOMAIN
    GeneFOXP2, CAGH44, TNRC10
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymCAG REPEAT PROTEIN 44, TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT- CONTAINING GENE 10 PROTEIN

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12345678910
Asymmetric/Biological Unit ABCDFGHIJK

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 6)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1MG6Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION

(-) Sites  (6, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (6, 6)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARESER F:557 , LEU F:558 , HIS F:559 , HOH F:613BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG F 601
2AC2SOFTWAREHOH H:397 , LEU H:556 , HIS H:559 , PHE H:562BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG H 602
3AC3SOFTWARESER I:557 , LEU I:558 , HIS I:559BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG I 603
4AC4SOFTWARELEU G:556 , HIS G:559 , PHE G:562BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG G 604
5AC5SOFTWARELEU J:556 , SER J:557 , HIS J:559 , PHE J:562 , HOH J:673BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG J 605
6AC6SOFTWAREHOH D:24 , LEU K:556 , SER K:557 , HIS K:559 , PHE K:562 , HOH K:645BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG K 606

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2A07)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2A07)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 6)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_012278R553HFOXP2_HUMANDisease (SPCH1)121908377F/G/H/I/J/KR553H

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 10)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 10)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1FORK_HEAD_3PS50039 Fork head domain profile.FOXP2_HUMAN504-577
 
 
 
  4F:504-577
I:504-577
J:504-577
K:504-577
2FORK_HEAD_2PS00658 Fork head domain signature 2.FOXP2_HUMAN548-554
 
 
 
 
 
  6F:548-554
G:548-554
H:548-554
I:548-554
J:548-554
K:548-554

(-) Exons   (3, 18)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 18)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.7ENST000003934947ENSE00001558209chr7:114054329-114054597269FOXP2_HUMAN-00--
1.9cENST000003934949cENSE00002190822chr7:114066557-114066734178FOXP2_HUMAN1-56560--
1.12ENST0000039349412ENSE00001772837chr7:114174672-11417476190FOXP2_HUMAN57-86300--
1.15aENST0000039349415aENSE00001601293chr7:114268595-114268732138FOXP2_HUMAN87-132460--
1.17bENST0000039349417bENSE00001723496chr7:114269860-114270060201FOXP2_HUMAN133-199670--
1.18dENST0000039349418dENSE00001596482chr7:114271583-114271760178FOXP2_HUMAN200-259600--
1.19bENST0000039349419bENSE00001636514chr7:114282465-114282678214FOXP2_HUMAN259-330720--
1.20aENST0000039349420aENSE00001695866chr7:114284740-114284844105FOXP2_HUMAN330-365360--
1.21ENST0000039349421ENSE00001798613chr7:114292258-11429234588FOXP2_HUMAN365-394300--
1.22aENST0000039349422aENSE00001643159chr7:114293981-11429406484FOXP2_HUMAN395-422280--
1.24ENST0000039349424ENSE00001726579chr7:114298121-114298322202FOXP2_HUMAN423-490680--
1.25ENST0000039349425ENSE00001610854chr7:114299411-11429948777FOXP2_HUMAN490-515266F:503-515
G:506-515
H:506-515
I:503-515
J:502-515
K:502-515
13
10
10
13
14
14
1.26ENST0000039349426ENSE00001721811chr7:114299627-114299728102FOXP2_HUMAN516-549346F:516-549
G:516-549
H:516-549
I:516-549
J:516-549
K:516-549
34
34
34
34
34
34
1.27ENST0000039349427ENSE00001699074chr7:114302120-114302241122FOXP2_HUMAN550-590416F:550-584
G:550-584
H:550-584
I:550-583
J:550-584
K:550-584
35
35
35
34
35
35
1.28ENST0000039349428ENSE00001726203chr7:114303505-11430357470FOXP2_HUMAN590-613240--
1.29aENST0000039349429aENSE00001774863chr7:114304328-114304491164FOXP2_HUMAN614-668550--
1.30dENST0000039349430dENSE00001515519chr7:114329837-114330218382FOXP2_HUMAN668-715480--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:21
                                                     
                 2a07 A   1 AACTATGAAACAAATTTTCCT  21
                                    10        20 

Chain B from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:21
                                                     
                 2a07 B   1 TTAGGAAAATTTGTTTCATAG  21
                                    10        20 

Chain C from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:21
                                                     
                 2a07 C   1 AACTATGAAACAAATTTTCCT  21
                                    10        20 

Chain D from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:21
                                                     
                 2a07 D   1 TTAGGAAAATTTGTTTCATAG  21
                                    10        20 

Chain F from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:82
 aligned with FOXP2_HUMAN | O15409 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:715

    Alignment length:82
                                   512       522       532       542       552       562       572       582  
          FOXP2_HUMAN   503 VRPPFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
               SCOP domains d2a07f1 F:503-584 Forkhead box protein P2, FOXP2                                   SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....ee....ee...hhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------H------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) -FORK_HEAD_3  PDB: F:504-577 UniProt: 504-577                              ------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ---------------------------------------------FORK_HE------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.25    Exon 1.26  PDB: F:516-549         Exon 1.27  PDB: F:550-584           Transcript 1
                 2a07 F 503 VRPPFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
                                   512       522       532       542       552       562       572       582  

Chain G from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:79
 aligned with FOXP2_HUMAN | O15409 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:715

    Alignment length:79
                                   515       525       535       545       555       565       575         
          FOXP2_HUMAN   506 PFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
               SCOP domains d2a07g_ G: automated matches                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeee....eeeeehhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -----------------------------------------------H------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) FORK_HEAD_3  PDB: - UniProt: 504-577                                    ------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ------------------------------------------FORK_HE------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.25 Exon 1.26  PDB: G:516-549         Exon 1.27  PDB: G:550-584           Transcript 1
                 2a07 G 506 PFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
                                   515       525       535       545       555       565       575         

Chain H from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:79
 aligned with FOXP2_HUMAN | O15409 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:715

    Alignment length:79
                                   515       525       535       545       555       565       575         
          FOXP2_HUMAN   506 PFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
               SCOP domains d2a07h_ H: automated matches                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeee....eeeeehhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -----------------------------------------------H------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) FORK_HEAD_3  PDB: - UniProt: 504-577                                    ------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ------------------------------------------FORK_HE------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.25 Exon 1.26  PDB: H:516-549         Exon 1.27  PDB: H:550-584           Transcript 1
                 2a07 H 506 PFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
                                   515       525       535       545       555       565       575         

Chain I from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:81
 aligned with FOXP2_HUMAN | O15409 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:715

    Alignment length:81
                                   512       522       532       542       552       562       572       582 
          FOXP2_HUMAN   503 VRPPFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKR 583
               SCOP domains d2a07i_ I: automated matches                                                      SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .....hhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeee......eeeehhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------H------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) -FORK_HEAD_3  PDB: I:504-577 UniProt: 504-577                              ------ PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ---------------------------------------------FORK_HE----------------------------- PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.25    Exon 1.26  PDB: I:516-549         Exon 1.27  PDB: I:550-583          Transcript 1
                 2a07 I 503 VRPPFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKR 583
                                   512       522       532       542       552       562       572       582 

Chain J from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:83
 aligned with FOXP2_HUMAN | O15409 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:715

    Alignment length:83
                                   511       521       531       541       551       561       571       581   
          FOXP2_HUMAN   502 DVRPPFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
               SCOP domains d2a07j_ J: automated matches                                                        SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeee..eeeeeehhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------H------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) --FORK_HEAD_3  PDB: J:504-577 UniProt: 504-577                              ------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ----------------------------------------------FORK_HE------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.25     Exon 1.26  PDB: J:516-549         Exon 1.27  PDB: J:550-584           Transcript 1
                 2a07 J 502 IVRPPFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
                                   511       521       531       541       551       561       571       581   

Chain K from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:83
 aligned with FOXP2_HUMAN | O15409 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:715

    Alignment length:83
                                   511       521       531       541       551       561       571       581   
          FOXP2_HUMAN   502 DVRPPFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
               SCOP domains d2a07k_ K: automated matches                                                        SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeee..eeeeeehhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------H------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) --FORK_HEAD_3  PDB: K:504-577 UniProt: 504-577                              ------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ----------------------------------------------FORK_HE------------------------------ PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.25     Exon 1.26  PDB: K:516-549         Exon 1.27  PDB: K:550-584           Transcript 1
                 2a07 K 502 IVRPPFTYATLIRQAIMESSDRQLTLNEIYSWFTRTFAYFRRNAATWKNAVRHNLSLHKCFVRVENVKGAVWTVDEVEYQKRR 584
                                   511       521       531       541       551       561       571       581   

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2A07)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2A07)

(-) Gene Ontology  (31, 31)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain F,G,H,I,J,K   (FOXP2_HUMAN | O15409)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0000978    RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0000981    RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0001078    transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
biological process
    GO:0043010    camera-type eye development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
    GO:0021757    caudate nucleus development    The progression of the caudate nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The caudate nucleus is the C-shaped structures of the striatum containing input neurons involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
    GO:0021549    cerebellum development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellum over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. In mice, the cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
    GO:0021987    cerebral cortex development    The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.
    GO:0040007    growth    The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
    GO:0048286    lung alveolus development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.
    GO:0030324    lung development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0050679    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0060501    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis    Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape.
    GO:0002053    positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation    The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells.
    GO:0009791    post-embryonic development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
    GO:0021758    putamen development    The progression of the putamen over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The putamen is the lens-shaped basal ganglion involved with control of voluntary movement in the brain.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0060013    righting reflex    A reflex process in which an animal immediately tries to turn over after being placed in a supine position.
    GO:0007519    skeletal muscle tissue development    The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers.
    GO:0048745    smooth muscle tissue development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of smooth muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0042297    vocal learning    A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others.
cellular component
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

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  2a07
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 Related Entries

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        FOXP2_HUMAN | O154092as5

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