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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURE OF HUMAN SENP2 IN COMPLEX WITH SUMO-1
 
Authors :  D. Reverter, C. D. Lima
Date :  31 May 04  (Deposition) - 14 Sep 04  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.80
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  A,B  (2x)
Keywords :  Sumo; Axam; Senp; Ulp; Protease, Cell Cycle, Hydrolase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  D. Reverter, C. D. Lima
A Basis For Sumo Protease Specificity Provided By Analysis Of Human Senp2 And A Senp2-Sumo Complex
Structure V. 12 1519 2004
PubMed-ID: 15296745  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.STR.2004.05.023
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - SENTRIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 2
    ChainsA
    EC Number3.4.22.-
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidT7 BASED
    Expression System StrainBL21 CP RIL
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentCATALYTIC DOMAIN
    GeneSENP2, KIAA1331
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    Other DetailsCHEMICALLY MODIFIED TO PROMOTE BOND BETWEEN CYS548 AND SUMO-1 GLY97
    SynonymSENTRIN/SUMO-SPECIFIC PROTEASE SENP2
 
Molecule 2 - UBIQUITIN-LIKE PROTEIN SMT3C
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidT7 BASED
    Expression System StrainBL21 CP RIL
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    GeneUBL1, SMT3H3, SMT3C
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymUBIQUITIN-HOMOLOGY DOMAIN PROTEIN PIC1

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (1x)AB
Biological Unit 2 (2x)AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 5)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 5)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1SO45Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 1 (1, 5)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1SO45Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 2 (1, 10)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1SO410Ligand/IonSULFATE ION

(-) Sites  (5, 5)

Asymmetric Unit (5, 5)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREALA A:392 , PHE A:393 , LYS A:394 , ARG A:396BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 300
2AC2SOFTWAREARG A:475 , LYS A:476BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 301
3AC3SOFTWAREHOH A:57 , LYS A:488 , LYS A:492 , LYS A:535 , HIS A:537BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 302
4AC4SOFTWAREPRO A:384 , GLN A:385 , ASP A:386BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 303
5AC5SOFTWAREARG A:396 , ALA B:72 , ASP B:73 , ASN B:74BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 B 304

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1TGZ)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1TGZ)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1TGZ)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1UBIQUITIN_2PS50053 Ubiquitin domain profile.SUMO1_HUMAN20-97  1B:20-97
2ULP_PROTEASEPS50600 Ubiquitin-like protease family profile.SENP2_HUMAN395-559  1A:395-559
Biological Unit 1 (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1UBIQUITIN_2PS50053 Ubiquitin domain profile.SUMO1_HUMAN20-97  1B:20-97
2ULP_PROTEASEPS50600 Ubiquitin-like protease family profile.SENP2_HUMAN395-559  1A:395-559
Biological Unit 2 (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1UBIQUITIN_2PS50053 Ubiquitin domain profile.SUMO1_HUMAN20-97  2B:20-97
2ULP_PROTEASEPS50600 Ubiquitin-like protease family profile.SENP2_HUMAN395-559  2A:395-559

(-) Exons   (11, 11)

Asymmetric Unit (11, 11)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.2aENST000002962572aENSE00001875109chr3:185303962-185304302341SENP2_HUMAN1-34340--
1.3ENST000002962573ENSE00001324023chr3:185307902-18530795756SENP2_HUMAN34-53200--
1.4bENST000002962574bENSE00001308929chr3:185316200-185316333134SENP2_HUMAN53-97450--
1.5aENST000002962575aENSE00001631097chr3:185316746-18531681267SENP2_HUMAN98-120230--
1.6bENST000002962576bENSE00001756942chr3:185318553-18531864391SENP2_HUMAN120-150310--
1.8cENST000002962578cENSE00001644564chr3:185324118-185324286169SENP2_HUMAN150-206570--
1.9dENST000002962579dENSE00001632364chr3:185327035-185327138104SENP2_HUMAN207-241350--
1.10bENST0000029625710bENSE00001611859chr3:185329439-18532953395SENP2_HUMAN241-273330--
1.11bENST0000029625711bENSE00001697885chr3:185330395-18533044652SENP2_HUMAN273-290180--
1.12bENST0000029625712bENSE00001732674chr3:185331133-18533119664SENP2_HUMAN290-311220--
1.13bENST0000029625713bENSE00001602918chr3:185332352-185332528177SENP2_HUMAN312-370591A:366-3705
1.14bENST0000029625714bENSE00001738954chr3:185335268-185335399132SENP2_HUMAN371-414441A:371-41444
1.15aENST0000029625715aENSE00001645647chr3:185337087-185337290204SENP2_HUMAN415-482681A:415-48268
1.16ENST0000029625716ENSE00001639235chr3:185339614-18533969380SENP2_HUMAN483-509271A:483-50927
1.17ENST0000029625717ENSE00001806686chr3:185341786-18534187085SENP2_HUMAN509-537291A:509-53729
1.18bENST0000029625718bENSE00001689492chr3:185344086-18534418196SENP2_HUMAN538-569321A:538-56932
1.19cENST0000029625719cENSE00001887141chr3:185347570-1853513393770SENP2_HUMAN570-589201A:570-58920

2.1aENST000003922461aENSE00001771214chr2:203103331-203103163169SUMO1_HUMAN1-440--
2.5ENST000003922465ENSE00001634753chr2:203084829-20308475575SUMO1_HUMAN5-29251B:20-2910
2.6bENST000003922466bENSE00001733147chr2:203079157-20307908078SUMO1_HUMAN30-55261B:30-5526
2.7bENST000003922467bENSE00001777388chr2:203075529-20307545872SUMO1_HUMAN56-79241B:56-7924
2.9jENST000003922469jENSE00001390654chr2:203072044-2030709031142SUMO1_HUMAN80-101221B:80-9718

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:224
 aligned with SENP2_HUMAN | Q9HC62 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:589

    Alignment length:224
                                   375       385       395       405       415       425       435       445       455       465       475       485       495       505       515       525       535       545       555       565       575       585    
          SENP2_HUMAN   366 LELTEDMEKEISNALGHGPQDEILSSAFKLRITRGDIQTLKNYHWLNDEVINFYMNLLVERNKKQGYPALHVFSTFFYPKLKSGGYQAVKRWTKGVNLFEQEIILVPIHRKVHWSLVVIDLRKKCLKYLDSMGQKGHRICEILLQYLQDESKTKRNSDLNLLEWTHHSMKPHEIPQQLNGSDCGMFTCKYADYISRDKPITFTQHQMPLFRKKMVWEILHQQLL 589
               SCOP domains d1tgza_ A: Sentrin-specific protease 2, SENP2                                                                                                                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------Peptidase_C48-1tgzA01 A:409-588                                                                                                                                                     - Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeee..eeeehhhhhh......eehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh.eeeeeeee..eeeeeeee....eeeee......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhheeee.............hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -----------------------------ULP_PROTEASE  PDB: A:395-559 UniProt: 395-559                                                                                                                        ------------------------------ PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) 1.13bExon 1.14b  PDB: A:371-414 UniProt: 371-414 Exon 1.15a  PDB: A:415-482 UniProt: 415-482                         Exon 1.16  PDB: A:483-509  ----------------------------Exon 1.18b  PDB: A:538-569      Exon 1.19c           Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.17  PDB: A:509-537    ---------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 1tgz A 366 LELTEDMEKEISNALGHGPQDEILSSAFKLRITRGDIQTLKNYHWLNDEVINFYMNLLVERNKKQGYPALHVFSTFFYPKLKSGGYQAVKRWTKGVNLFEQEIILVPIHRKVHWSLVVIDLRKKCLKYLDSMGQKGHRICEILLQYLQDESKTKRNSDLNLLEWTHHSMKPHEIPQQLNGSDCGMFTCKYADYISRDKPITFTQHQMPLFRKKMVWEILHQQLL 589
                                   375       385       395       405       415       425       435       445       455       465       475       485       495       505       515       525       535       545       555       565       575       585    

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:78
 aligned with SUMO1_HUMAN | P63165 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:101

    Alignment length:78
                                    29        39        49        59        69        79        89        
          SUMO1_HUMAN    20 EYIKLKVIGQDSSEIHFKVKMTTHLKKLKESYCQRQGVPMNSLRFLFEGQRIADNHTPKELGMEEEDVIEVYQEQTGG  97
               SCOP domains d1tgzb_ B: SUMO-1 (smt3 homologue)                                             SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1tgzB00 B:20-97                                                                CATH domains
               Pfam domains --Rad60-SLD-1tgzB01 B:22-92                                              ----- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..eeeeeee......eeee.....hhhhhhhhhhh...hhh.eeeee..ee.....hhhhhh.....eeeeee..ee. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE UBIQUITIN_2  PDB: B:20-97 UniProt: 20-97                                       PROSITE
               Transcript 2 Exon 2.5  Exon 2.6b  PDB: B:30-55   Exon 2.7b  PDB: B:56-79 Exon 2.9j          Transcript 2
                 1tgz B  20 EYIKLKVIGQDSSEIHFKVKMTTHLKKLKESYCQRQGVPMNSLRFLFEGQRIADNHTPKELGMEEEDVIEVYQEQTGG  97
                                    29        39        49        59        69        79        89        

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Clan: Ubiquitin (279)

(-) Gene Ontology  (79, 89)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (SENP2_HUMAN | Q9HC62)
molecular function
    GO:0070139    SUMO-specific endopeptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds between an alpha-carboxyl group and an alpha-amino group within the small conjugating protein SUMO.
    GO:0016929    SUMO-specific protease activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of SUMO, a small ubiquitin-related modifier, from previously sumoylated substrates.
    GO:0008234    cysteine-type peptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which the sulfhydryl group of a cysteine residue at the active center acts as a nucleophile.
    GO:0004175    endopeptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain.
    GO:0016787    hydrolase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
    GO:0008233    peptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
biological process
    GO:0016055    Wnt signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state.
    GO:0009950    dorsal/ventral axis specification    The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.
    GO:0045444    fat cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
    GO:0007507    heart development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0060711    labyrinthine layer development    The process in which the labyrinthine layer of the placenta progresses, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0051028    mRNA transport    The directed movement of mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid, into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0043518    negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage.
    GO:0035562    negative regulation of chromatin binding    Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of chromatin binding. Chromatin binding is the selective interaction with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
    GO:0032091    negative regulation of protein binding    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
    GO:0031397    negative regulation of protein ubiquitination    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
    GO:1901797    negative regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction by p53 class mediator.
    GO:0001934    positive regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0031398    positive regulation of protein ubiquitination    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0031648    protein destabilization    Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.
    GO:0016926    protein desumoylation    The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is cleaved from its target protein.
    GO:0016925    protein sumoylation    The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
    GO:0015031    protein transport    The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0006508    proteolysis    The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
    GO:0032875    regulation of DNA endoreduplication    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA endoreduplication.
    GO:2000045    regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle    Any cell cycle regulatory process that controls the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
    GO:0030111    regulation of Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of the Wnt signal transduction pathway.
    GO:0051246    regulation of protein metabolic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein.
    GO:0060712    spongiotrophoblast layer development    The process in which the spongiotrophoblast layer of the placenta progresses from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
    GO:0060707    trophoblast giant cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a trophoblast giant cell of the placenta. Trophoblast giant cells are the cell of the placenta that line the maternal decidua.
cellular component
    GO:0016605    PML body    A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0031410    cytoplasmic vesicle    A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0016604    nuclear body    Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
    GO:0031965    nuclear membrane    Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
    GO:0005643    nuclear pore    Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

Chain B   (SUMO1_HUMAN | P63165)
molecular function
    GO:0044325    ion channel binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0015459    potassium channel regulator activity    Modulates potassium channel activity via direct interaction interaction with a potassium channel (binding or modification).
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0031386    protein tag    A molecular function exhibited by a protein that is covalently attached (AKA tagged or conjugated) to another protein where it acts as a marker, recognized by the cellular apparatus to target the tagged protein for some cellular process such as modification, sequestration, transport or degradation.
    GO:0008134    transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
    GO:0031625    ubiquitin protein ligase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
biological process
    GO:0006281    DNA repair    The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.
    GO:0030578    PML body organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of PML bodies, a class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML = promyelocytic leukemia).
    GO:0006303    double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining    The repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the two broken ends are rejoined with little or no sequence complementarity. Information at the DNA ends may be lost due to the modification of broken DNA ends. This term covers instances of separate pathways, called classical (or canonical) and alternative nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ and A-NHEJ). These in turn may further branch into sub-pathways, but evidence is still unclear.
    GO:0070911    global genome nucleotide-excision repair    The nucleotide-excision repair process in which DNA lesions are removed from nontranscribed strands and from transcriptionally silent regions over the entire genome.
    GO:0043392    negative regulation of DNA binding    Any process that stops or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0045759    negative regulation of action potential    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels.
    GO:1902260    negative regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity.
    GO:0043433    negative regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0060021    palate development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of the palate from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure. The palate is the partition that separates the nasal and oral cavities.
    GO:1901896    positive regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium-transporting ATPase activity.
    GO:0032436    positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of ubiquitin, and mediated by the proteasome.
    GO:0031334    positive regulation of protein complex assembly    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly.
    GO:0090204    protein localization to nuclear pore    A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a nuclear pore.
    GO:0050821    protein stabilization    Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
    GO:0016925    protein sumoylation    The process in which a SUMO protein (small ubiquitin-related modifier) is conjugated to a target protein via an isopeptide bond between the carboxyl terminus of SUMO with an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue of the target protein.
    GO:1903169    regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transport.
    GO:0086004    regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction.
    GO:0060334    regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
    GO:0032880    regulation of protein localization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
    GO:0031647    regulation of protein stability    Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0016032    viral process    A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
cellular component
    GO:0016605    PML body    A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.
    GO:0001741    XY body    A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0001650    fibrillar center    A structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures.
    GO:0000792    heterochromatin    A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0016604    nuclear body    Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
    GO:0031965    nuclear membrane    Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
    GO:0005643    nuclear pore    Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.
    GO:0016607    nuclear speck    A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.
    GO:0005730    nucleolus    A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
    GO:0008076    voltage-gated potassium channel complex    A protein complex that forms a transmembrane channel through which potassium ions may cross a cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential.

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        SENP2_HUMAN | Q9HC621th0 2io0 2io1 2io2 2io3 3zo5 5aek
        SUMO1_HUMAN | P631651a5r 1wyw 1y8r 1z5s 2asq 2bf8 2g4d 2io2 2iy0 2iy1 2kqs 2las 2mw5 2n1a 2n1v 2pe6 2uyz 2vrr 3kyc 3kyd 3rzw 3uip 4wjn 4wjo 4wjp 4wjq 5aek 5b7a 5elj 5ghd

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1th0