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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A POU/HMG/DNA TERNARY COMPLEX
 
Authors :  A. Remenyi, M. Wilmanns
Date :  09 Jan 02  (Deposition) - 30 Jan 03  (Release) - 14 Nov 12  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.60
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Keywords :  Transcription Factor, Pou Factors, Sox Proteins, Transcription (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  A. Remenyi, K. Lins, L. J. Nissen, R. Reinbold, H. R. Scholer, M. Wilmanns
Crystal Structure Of A Pou/Hmg/Dna Ternary Complex Suggests Differential Assembly Of Oct4 And Sox2 On Two Enhancers
Genes Dev. V. 17 2048 2003
PubMed-ID: 12923055  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1101/GAD.269303

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - 5'-D(*TP*TP*CP*TP*TP*TP*GP*TP*TP*TP* GP*GP*AP* TP*GP*CP*TP*AP*AP*TP*GP*GP*GP*A)-3'
    ChainsA
    Organism CommonMOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090
    Other DetailsFGF-4 ENHANCER
    SyntheticYES
 
Molecule 2 - 5'-D(*AP*TP*CP*CP*CP*AP*TP*TP*AP*GP* CP*AP*TP*CP*CP*AP*AP*AP*CP*AP*AP*AP*GP*A)-3'
    ChainsB
    Organism CommonMOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090
    Other DetailsFGF-4 ENHANCER
    SyntheticYES
 
Molecule 3 - OCTAMER-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 1
    ChainsC
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPET-24D
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    FragmentPOU DOMAIN RESIDUES 280-438
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymOTF-1, NF-A1, OCT-1
 
Molecule 4 - TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX-2
    ChainsD
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPET24-D
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    FragmentHMG DOMAIN RESIDUES 41-120
    Organism CommonMOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric/Biological Unit ABCD

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1GT0)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1GT0)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1GT0)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1GT0)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1GT0)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (5, 5)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (5, 5)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1HMG_BOX_2PS50118 HMG boxes A and B DNA-binding domains profile.SOX2_MOUSE43-111  1D:3-71
2POU_1PS00035 POU-specific (POUs) domain signature 1.PO2F1_HUMAN298-310  1C:19-31
3POU_2PS00465 POU-specific (POUs) domain signature 2.PO2F1_HUMAN322-335  1C:43-56
4HOMEOBOX_2PS50071 'Homeobox' domain profile.PO2F1_HUMAN377-437  1C:99-159
5HOMEOBOX_1PS00027 'Homeobox' domain signature.PO2F1_HUMAN412-435  1C:134-157

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1GT0)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:24
                                                        
                 1gt0 A   1 TTCTTTGTTTGGATGCTAATGGGA  24
                                    10        20    

Chain B from PDB  Type:DNA  Length:24
                                                        
                 1gt0 B  25 ATCCCATTAGCATCCAAACAAAGA  48
                                    34        44    

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:138
 aligned with PO2F1_HUMAN | P14859 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:743

    Alignment length:156
                                   291       301       311       321       331       341       351       361       371       381       391       401       411       421       431      
          PO2F1_HUMAN   282 PSDLEELEQFAKTFKQRRIKLGFTQGDVGLAMGKLYGNDFSQTTISRFEALNLSFKNMCKLKPLLEKWLNDAENLSSDSSLSSPSALNSPGIEGLSRRRKKRTSIETNIRVALEKSFLENQKPTSEEITMIADQLNMEKEVIRVWFCNRRQKEKRI 437
               SCOP domains d1gt0c2 C:3-77 Oct-1                                                       ------------------d1gt0c1 C:97-159 Oct-1 POU Homeodomain                          SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------1gt0C01 C:9-75 lambda repressor-like DNA-binding domains           -------------------------1gt0C02 C:102-157 Homeodomain-like                      -- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.------------------............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ----------------POU_1        -----------POU_2         -----------------------------------------HOMEOBOX_2  PDB: C:99-159 UniProt: 377-437                    PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HOMEOBOX_1              -- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 1gt0 C   3 PSDLEELEQFAKTFKQRRIKLGFTQGDVGLAMGKLYGNDFSQTTISRFEALNLSFKNMSKLKPLLEKWLNDAENL------------------GLSRRRKKRTSIETNIRVALEKSFLENQKPTSEEITMIADQLNMEKEVIRVWFSNRRQKEKRI 159
                                    12        22        32        42        52        62        72    |    -         -   |   103       113       123       133       143       153      
                                                                                                     77                 97                                                              

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:80
 aligned with SOX2_MOUSE | P48432 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:319

    Alignment length:80
                                    50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120
           SOX2_MOUSE    41 DRVKRPMNAFMVWSRGQRRKMAQENPKMHNSEISKRLGAEWKLLSETEKRPFIDEAKRLRALHMKEHPDYKYRPRRKTKT 120
               SCOP domains d1gt0d_ D: Sox-2                                                                 SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1gt0D00 D:1-80 DNA Binding (I), subunit A                                        CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --HMG_BOX_2  PDB: D:3-71 UniProt: 43-111                               --------- PROSITE
                 Transcript -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1gt0 D   1 DRVKRPMNAFMVWSRGQRRKMAQENPKMHNSEISKRLGAEWKLLSETEKRPFIDEAKRLRALHMKEHPDYKYRPRRKTKT  80
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1GT0)

(-) Gene Ontology  (76, 85)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain C   (PO2F1_HUMAN | P14859)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0003682    chromatin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0005102    receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0000976    transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon.
biological process
    GO:0097421    liver regeneration    The regrowth of lost or destroyed liver.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0042795    snRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    The synthesis of small nuclear RNA (snRNA) from a DNA template by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II), originating at a Pol II promoter.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
cellular component
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0043231    intracellular membrane-bounded organelle    Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.

Chain D   (SOX2_MOUSE | P48432)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0000981    RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0031490    chromatin DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that is assembled into chromatin.
    GO:0003682    chromatin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
    GO:0035198    miRNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a microRNA, a 21-23 nucleotide RNA that is processed from a stem-loop RNA precursor (pre-miRNA) that is encoded within plant and animal genomes.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0008134    transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
    GO:0044212    transcription regulatory region DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a DNA region that regulates the transcription of a region of DNA, which may be a gene, cistron, or operon. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
biological process
    GO:0021984    adenohypophysis development    The progression of the adenohypophysis over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The adenohypophysis is the anterior part of the pituitary. It secretes a variety of hormones and its function is regulated by the hypothalamus.
    GO:0048646    anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis    The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of an anatomical structure from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome.
    GO:0007050    cell cycle arrest    A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
    GO:0045165    cell fate commitment    The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
    GO:0001708    cell fate specification    The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
    GO:0021987    cerebral cortex development    The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.
    GO:0050973    detection of mechanical stimulus involved in equilibrioception    The series of events involved in equilibrioception in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. During equilibrioception, mechanical stimuli may be in the form of input from pressure receptors or from the labyrinth system of the inner ears.
    GO:0050910    detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sound    The series of events involved in the perception of sound vibration in which the vibration is received and converted into a molecular signal.
    GO:0048852    diencephalon morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the diencephalon are generated and organized. The diencephalon is the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus are derived; these regions regulate autonomic, visceral and endocrine function, and process information directed to the cerebral cortex.
    GO:0048568    embryonic organ development    Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
    GO:0001714    endodermal cell fate specification    The cell fate determination process that results in a cell becoming capable of differentiating autonomously into an endoderm cell in an environment that is neutral with respect to the developmental pathway; upon specification, the cell fate can be reversed.
    GO:0060441    epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis    The process in which a highly ordered sequence of patterning events generates the branched epithelial tubes of the lung, consisting of reiterated combinations of bud outgrowth, elongation, and dichotomous subdivision of terminal units.
    GO:0021879    forebrain neuron differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
    GO:0042472    inner ear morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively.
    GO:0060235    lens induction in camera-type eye    Signaling at short range between the head ectoderm and the optic vesicle that results in the head ectoderm forming a lens.
    GO:0048286    lung alveolus development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways.
    GO:0030539    male genitalia development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male genitalia over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0030178    negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway.
    GO:0090090    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0045596    negative regulation of cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
    GO:0050680    negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0045665    negative regulation of neuron differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
    GO:0045668    negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0048663    neuron fate commitment    The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.
    GO:0097150    neuronal stem cell population maintenance    Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.
    GO:0030910    olfactory placode formation    The formation of a thickening of the neural ectoderm in the head region of the vertebrate embryo which develops into the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.
    GO:0001649    osteoblast differentiation    The process whereby a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an osteoblast, a mesodermal or neural crest cell that gives rise to bone.
    GO:0046148    pigment biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin.
    GO:0043410    positive regulation of MAPK cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade.
    GO:0045747    positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
    GO:0030858    positive regulation of epithelial cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell differentiation.
    GO:0002052    positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.
    GO:0045666    positive regulation of neuron differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0043281    regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.
    GO:0010468    regulation of gene expression    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0050767    regulation of neurogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
    GO:0006357    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0070848    response to growth factor    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0010033    response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0032526    response to retinoic acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a retinoic acid stimulus.
    GO:0060042    retina morphogenesis in camera-type eye    The process in which the anatomical structure of the retina is generated and organized.
    GO:0007605    sensory perception of sound    The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.
    GO:0035019    somatic stem cell population maintenance    Any process by which an organism retains a population of somatic stem cells, undifferentiated cells in the embryo or adult which can undergo unlimited division and give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
    GO:0048863    stem cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a stem cell. A stem cell is a cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
    GO:0019827    stem cell population maintenance    The process by which an organism or tissue maintains a population of stem cells of a single type. This can be achieved by a number of mechanisms: stem cell asymmetric division maintains stem cell numbers; stem cell symmetric division increases them; maintenance of a stem cell niche maintains the conditions for commitment to the stem cell fate for some types of stem cell; stem cells may arise de novo from other cell types.
    GO:0043586    tongue development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the tongue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The tongue is the movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth of most vertebrates, in many other mammals is the principal organ of taste, aids in the prehension of food, in swallowing, and in modifying the voice as in speech.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0044798    nuclear transcription factor complex    A protein complex, located in the nucleus, that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005667    transcription factor complex    A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        PO2F1_HUMAN | P148591cqt 1e3o 1hf0 1o4x 1oct 1pog 1pou

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1cqt CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A TERNARY COMPLEX CONTAINING AN OCA-B PEPTIDE, THE OCT-1 POU DOMAIN, AND AN OCTAMER ELEMENT
1e3o CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF OCT-1 POU DIMER BOUND TO MORE
1hf0 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE DNA-BINDING DOMAIN OF OCT-1 BOUND TO DNA AS A DIMER
1oct OCT-1 (POU DOMAIN)
1pog
1pou OCT-1 (POU-SPECIFIC DOMAIN) (NMR, 20 STRUCTURES)