| molecular function |
| | GO:0003677 | | DNA binding | | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| | GO:0003700 | | DNA-binding transcription factor activity | | A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units, and include bacterial operons. |
| | GO:0000981 | | DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | | A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within the regulatory region of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene to modulate transcription. Regulatory regions include promoters (proximal and distal) and enhancers. Genes are transcriptional units. |
| | GO:0001102 | | RNA polymerase II activating transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription activating factor, a protein involved in positive regulation of transcription. |
| | GO:0000978 | | RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific upstream regulatory DNA sequence (transcription factor recognition sequence or binding site) located in the proximal promoter of a gene transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The proximal promoter is in cis with and relatively close to the core promoter. |
| | GO:0001085 | | RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. |
| | GO:0031490 | | chromatin DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that is assembled into chromatin. |
| | GO:0003682 | | chromatin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| | GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| | GO:0001191 | | obsolete transcriptional repressor activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding | | OBSOLETE. Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to stop, prevent, or reduce the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well. |
| | GO:0051219 | | phosphoprotein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated protein. |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| | GO:0001077 | | proximal promoter DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | | A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a proximal promoter regulatory region of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene to activate or increase transcription. |
| | GO:0001078 | | proximal promoter DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | | A protein or a member of a complex that interacts selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence (sometimes referred to as a motif) within a proximal promoter regulatory region of a RNA polymerase II-transcribed gene to repress or decrease transcription. |
| | GO:0043021 | | ribonucleoprotein complex binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any complex of RNA and protein. |
| | GO:0043565 | | sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding. |
| | GO:0008134 | | transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. |
| | GO:0000976 | | transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific sequence of DNA that is part of a regulatory region that controls transcription of that section of the DNA. The transcribed region might be described as a gene, cistron, or operon. |
| biological process |
| | GO:0016055 | | Wnt signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell and ending with a change in cell state. |
| | GO:0009653 | | anatomical structure morphogenesis | | The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. |
| | GO:0009887 | | animal organ morphogenesis | | Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| | GO:0055009 | | atrial cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structure of cardiac atrium muscle is generated and organized. |
| | GO:0003171 | | atrioventricular valve development | | The progression of the atrioventricular valve over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0007420 | | brain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.). |
| | GO:0001569 | | branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis | | The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. |
| | GO:0043010 | | camera-type eye development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field. |
| | GO:0055007 | | cardiac muscle cell differentiation | | The process in which a cardiac muscle precursor cell acquires specialized features of a cardiac muscle cell. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. |
| | GO:0048738 | | cardiac muscle tissue development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0003253 | | cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis | | The orderly movement of a neural crest cell from one site to another that will contribute to the morphogenesis of the outflow tract. |
| | GO:0061325 | | cell proliferation involved in outflow tract morphogenesis | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population that contributes to the shaping of the outflow tract. |
| | GO:0035993 | | deltoid tuberosity development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the deltoid tuberosity over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The deltoid tuberosity is the region on the shaft of the humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches. The deltoid tuberosity develops through endochondral ossification in a two-phase process; an initiating tendon-dependent phase, and a muscle-dependent growth phase. |
| | GO:0007368 | | determination of left/right symmetry | | The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. |
| | GO:0055123 | | digestive system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive system is the entire structure in which digestion takes place. Digestion is all of the physical, chemical, and biochemical processes carried out by multicellular organisms to break down ingested nutrients into components that may be easily absorbed and directed into metabolism. |
| | GO:0031076 | | embryonic camera-type eye development | | The process occurring during the embryonic phase whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0048557 | | embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| | GO:0035116 | | embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis | | The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal. |
| | GO:0061031 | | endodermal digestive tract morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the endodermal digestive tract are generated and organized. The endodermal digestive tract includes those portions of the digestive tract that are derived from endoderm. |
| | GO:0002074 | | extraocular skeletal muscle development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the extraocular skeletal muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The extraocular muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls eye movements. The muscle begins its development with the differentiation of the muscle cells and ends with the mature muscle. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| | GO:0008585 | | female gonad development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the female gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0035315 | | hair cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a hair cell. |
| | GO:0007507 | | heart development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| | GO:0021855 | | hypothalamus cell migration | | The directed movement of a cell into the hypothalamus region of the forebrain. |
| | GO:0001701 | | in utero embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| | GO:0061072 | | iris morphogenesis | | The process in which the iris is generated and organized. The iris is an anatomical structure in the eye whose opening forms the pupil. The iris is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and the amount of light reaching the retina. |
| | GO:0060460 | | left lung morphogenesis | | The process in which anatomical structures of the left lung are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0070986 | | left/right axis specification | | The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes). |
| | GO:0030324 | | lung development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. |
| | GO:0008584 | | male gonad development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0007275 | | multicellular organism development | | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). |
| | GO:0007520 | | myoblast fusion | | A process in which non-proliferating myoblasts fuse to existing fibers or to myotubes to form new fibers. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| | GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| | GO:0030182 | | neuron differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron. |
| | GO:0001764 | | neuron migration | | The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature. |
| | GO:0042476 | | odontogenesis | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. |
| | GO:0042475 | | odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. |
| | GO:0021983 | | pituitary gland development | | The progression of the pituitary gland over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands. |
| | GO:0043388 | | positive regulation of DNA binding | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| | GO:2000288 | | positive regulation of myoblast proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast proliferation. |
| | GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0045893 | | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0060127 | | prolactin secreting cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a prolactin secreting cell. A prolactin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces prolactin. |
| | GO:0003350 | | pulmonary myocardium development | | The progression of the pulmonary myocardium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The pulmonary myocardium is the myocardial tissue present in the pulmonary vein. |
| | GO:0060577 | | pulmonary vein morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structure of the pulmonary venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Pulmonary veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the lungs to the heart. |
| | GO:0030334 | | regulation of cell migration | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| | GO:0042127 | | regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0006357 | | regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription mediated by RNA polymerase II. |
| | GO:0006355 | | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| | GO:0009725 | | response to hormone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hormone stimulus. |
| | GO:0033189 | | response to vitamin A | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin A stimulus. |
| | GO:0007519 | | skeletal muscle tissue development | | The developmental sequence of events leading to the formation of adult skeletal muscle tissue. The main events are: the fusion of myoblasts to form myotubes that increase in size by further fusion to them of myoblasts, the formation of myofibrils within their cytoplasm and the establishment of functional neuromuscular junctions with motor neurons. At this stage they can be regarded as mature muscle fibers. |
| | GO:0060126 | | somatotropin secreting cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a somatotropin secreting cell. A somatotropin secreting cell is an acidophilic cell of the anterior pituitary that produces growth hormone, somatotropin. |
| | GO:0048536 | | spleen development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. |
| | GO:0021763 | | subthalamic nucleus development | | The progression of the subthalamic nucleus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The subthalamic nucleus is the lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function. |
| | GO:0060578 | | superior vena cava morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structure of superior vena cava generated and organized. The superior vena cava is a blood vessel that transports blood from the upper body to the heart. |
| | GO:0006366 | | transcription by RNA polymerase II | | The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). |
| | GO:0035886 | | vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a vascular smooth muscle cell. |
| | GO:0001570 | | vasculogenesis | | The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells during blood vessel development, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes. |
| | GO:0055015 | | ventricular cardiac muscle cell development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a ventricular cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. The ventricle is the part of the heart that pumps blood out of the organ. |
| | GO:0060412 | | ventricular septum morphogenesis | | The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another. |
| cellular component |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| | GO:0005667 | | transcription factor complex | | A protein complex that is capable of associating with DNA by direct binding, or via other DNA-binding proteins or complexes, and regulating transcription. |