| molecular function |
|---|
| | GO:0016303 | | 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + ADP + 2 H(+). |
| | GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| | GO:0005088 | | Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity | | Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase. |
| | GO:0017134 | | fibroblast growth factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a fibroblast growth factor. |
| | GO:0005007 | | fibroblast growth factor-activated receptor activity | | Combining with a fibroblast growth factor and transmitting the signal across the plasma membrane to initiate a change in cell activity. |
| | GO:0008201 | | heparin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. |
| | GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| | GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| | GO:0046934 | | phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate + ATP = a 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate + ADP + 2 H(+). |
| | GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| | GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| | GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| | GO:0004713 | | protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate. |
| | GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
| | GO:0004714 | | transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein-L-tyrosine = ADP + a protein-L-tyrosine phosphate. |
| biological process |
|---|
| | GO:0000165 | | MAPK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| | GO:0001525 | | angiogenesis | | Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. |
| | GO:0009887 | | animal organ morphogenesis | | Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| | GO:0006915 | | apoptotic process | | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| | GO:0007409 | | axonogenesis | | De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon. |
| | GO:0060348 | | bone development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of bone over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Bone is the hard skeletal connective tissue consisting of both mineral and cellular components. |
| | GO:0030282 | | bone mineralization | | The deposition of hydroxyapatite, a form of calcium phosphate with the formula Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, in bone tissue. |
| | GO:0060349 | | bone morphogenesis | | The process in which bones are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0060667 | | branch elongation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis | | The differential growth of the salivary branches along their axis, resulting in the growth of a branch. |
| | GO:0060670 | | branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis | | The process in which the branches of the fetal placental villi are generated and organized. The villous part of the placenta is called the labyrinth layer. |
| | GO:0060442 | | branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis | | The process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. |
| | GO:0060445 | | branching involved in salivary gland morphogenesis | | The process in which the branching structure of the salivary gland is generated and organized. |
| | GO:0048755 | | branching morphogenesis of a nerve | | The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in a nerve are generated and organized. This term refers to an anatomical structure (nerve) not a cell (neuron). |
| | GO:0060449 | | bud elongation involved in lung branching | | The process in which a bud in the lung grows out from the point where it is formed. |
| | GO:0045165 | | cell fate commitment | | The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. |
| | GO:0007267 | | cell-cell signaling | | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. |
| | GO:0048565 | | digestive tract development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| | GO:0048701 | | embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the cranial skeleton are generated and organized during the embryonic phase. |
| | GO:0048557 | | embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized during embryonic development. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| | GO:0048568 | | embryonic organ development | | Development, taking place during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| | GO:0048562 | | embryonic organ morphogenesis | | Morphogenesis, during the embryonic phase, of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| | GO:0009880 | | embryonic pattern specification | | The process that results in the patterns of cell differentiation that will arise in an embryo. |
| | GO:0048730 | | epidermis morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the epidermis are generated and organized. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species. |
| | GO:0030855 | | epithelial cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an epithelial cell, any of the cells making up an epithelium. |
| | GO:0060664 | | epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis | | The multiplication or reproduction of epithelial cells of the submandibular salivary gland, resulting in the expansion of a cell population and the shaping of the gland. |
| | GO:0001837 | | epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| | GO:0008543 | | fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| | GO:0035603 | | fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in hemopoiesis | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to hemopoiesis. |
| | GO:0060595 | | fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in mammary gland specification | | The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a fibroblast growth factor to its receptor on the surface of al cell in the epidermis resulting in the formation of the mammary line. The mammary line is a ridge of epidermal cells that will form the mammary placodes. |
| | GO:0035602 | | fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in the bone marrow. |
| | GO:0035607 | | fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in orbitofrontal cortex development | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor-type receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which contributes to the progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. |
| | GO:0035604 | | fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway involved in positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a fibroblast growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands, which activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation in the bone marrow. |
| | GO:0022612 | | gland morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0031069 | | hair follicle morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0001701 | | in utero embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| | GO:0042472 | | inner ear morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the inner ear are generated and organized. The inner ear is the structure in vertebrates that contains the organs of balance and hearing. It consists of soft hollow sensory structures (the membranous labyrinth) containing fluid (endolymph) surrounded by fluid (perilymph) and encased in a bony cavity (the bony labyrinth). It consists of two chambers, the sacculus and utriculus, from which arise the cochlea and semicircular canals respectively. |
| | GO:0032808 | | lacrimal gland development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lacrimal gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lacrimal gland produces secretions that lubricate and protect the cornea of the eye. |
| | GO:0060601 | | lateral sprouting from an epithelium | | The process in which a branch forms along the side of an epithelium. |
| | GO:0060174 | | limb bud formation | | The process pertaining to the initial formation of a limb bud from unspecified parts. This process begins with the formation of a local condensation of mesenchyme cells within the prospective limb field, and ends when a limb bud is recognizable. |
| | GO:0048286 | | lung alveolus development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the alveolus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The alveolus is a sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of air passageways. |
| | GO:0030324 | | lung development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax. |
| | GO:0060463 | | lung lobe morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a lung lobe are generated and organized. A lung lobe is a projection that extends from the lung. |
| | GO:0060484 | | lung-associated mesenchyme development | | The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a lung-associated mesenchyme from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of lung-associated mesenchyme and ends with the mature structure. Lung-associated mesenchyme is the tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the lung. |
| | GO:0060615 | | mammary gland bud formation | | The morphogenetic process in which a bud forms from the mammary placode. A mammary bud is bulb of epithelial cells that is distinct from the surrounding epidermis. |
| | GO:0003149 | | membranous septum morphogenesis | | The process in which the membranous septum is generated and organized. The membranous septum is the upper part of ventricular septum. |
| | GO:0048762 | | mesenchymal cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. |
| | GO:0060915 | | mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in lung development | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a mesenchymal cell of the lung. A mesenchymal cell is a loosely associated cell that is part of the connective tissue in an organism. Mesenchymal cells give rise to more mature connective tissue cell types. |
| | GO:0060916 | | mesenchymal cell proliferation involved in lung development | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a mesenchymal cell population that contributes to the progression of the lung over time. A mesenchymal cell is a cell that normally gives rise to other cells that are organized as three-dimensional masses, rather than sheets. |
| | GO:0048333 | | mesodermal cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a mesoderm cell. |
| | GO:0030901 | | midbrain development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the midbrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The midbrain is the middle division of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes a ventral part containing the cerebral peduncles and a dorsal tectum containing the corpora quadrigemina and that surrounds the aqueduct of Sylvius connecting the third and fourth ventricles). |
| | GO:0016331 | | morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium | | The process in which the anatomical structures of embryonic epithelia are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0035264 | | multicellular organism growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire multicellular organism, as opposed to cell growth. |
| | GO:0050680 | | negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0042476 | | odontogenesis | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. |
| | GO:0021769 | | orbitofrontal cortex development | | The progression of the orbitofrontal cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The orbitofrontal cortex is a cerebral cortex region located in the frontal lobe. |
| | GO:0035265 | | organ growth | | The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function. |
| | GO:0030916 | | otic vesicle formation | | The process resulting in the transition of the otic placode into the otic vesicle, a transient embryonic structure formed during development of the vertebrate inner ear. |
| | GO:0003148 | | outflow tract septum morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the outflow tract septum are generated and organized. The outflow tract septum is a partition in the outflow tract. |
| | GO:0018108 | | peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. |
| | GO:0046854 | | phosphatidylinositol phosphorylation | | The process of introducing one or more phosphate groups into a phosphatidylinositol, any glycerophosphoinositol having one phosphatidyl group esterified to one of the hydroxy groups of inositol. |
| | GO:0036092 | | phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate, a phosphatidylinositol monophosphate carrying the phosphate group at the 3-position. |
| | GO:0048015 | | phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling | | A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives. |
| | GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| | GO:0070374 | | positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| | GO:0043547 | | positive regulation of GTPase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase. |
| | GO:0043410 | | positive regulation of MAPK cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the MAPK cascade. |
| | GO:0030177 | | positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signal transduction. |
| | GO:0090263 | | positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. |
| | GO:0060045 | | positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0045787 | | positive regulation of cell cycle | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| | GO:0051781 | | positive regulation of cell division | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. |
| | GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0050679 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0060501 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in lung morphogenesis | | Any process that increases the rate or frequency of epithelial cell proliferation that results in the lung attaining its shape. |
| | GO:0002053 | | positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation | | The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. |
| | GO:0010518 | | positive regulation of phospholipase activity | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase activity, the hydrolysis of a phospholipid. |
| | GO:0048661 | | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| | GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| | GO:0009791 | | post-embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development. |
| | GO:0060527 | | prostate epithelial cord arborization involved in prostate glandular acinus morphogenesis | | The branching morphogenesis process in which the prostate epithelial cords branch freely to create the structure of the prostate acini. |
| | GO:0060523 | | prostate epithelial cord elongation | | The developmental growth process in which solid chords of prostate epithelium increase in length. |
| | GO:0060512 | | prostate gland morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of a prostate gland are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0046777 | | protein autophosphorylation | | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). |
| | GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| | GO:0021860 | | pyramidal neuron development | | The progression of a pyramidal neuron from its initial formation to its mature state. |
| | GO:0070372 | | regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| | GO:0060687 | | regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of prostate gland branching, the process in which the branching structure of the prostate gland is generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. |
| | GO:0010453 | | regulation of cell fate commitment | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell fate commitment. Cell fate commitment is the commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field. |
| | GO:0040036 | | regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity. |
| | GO:0060688 | | regulation of morphogenesis of a branching structure | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0040014 | | regulation of multicellular organism growth | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of growth of the body of an organism so that it reaches its usual body size. |
| | GO:0045667 | | regulation of osteoblast differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| | GO:0033688 | | regulation of osteoblast proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. |
| | GO:0014066 | | regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
| | GO:0051150 | | regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| | GO:0008589 | | regulation of smoothened signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling. |
| | GO:0048608 | | reproductive structure development | | The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of structures that will be used in the process of creating new individuals from one or more parents, from their formation to the mature structures. |
| | GO:0048705 | | skeletal system morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the skeleton are generated and organized. |
| | GO:0060529 | | squamous basal epithelial stem cell differentiation involved in prostate gland acinus development | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a squamous basal epithelial stem cell of the prostate. |
| | GO:0001657 | | ureteric bud development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| | GO:0055010 | | ventricular cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac ventricle muscle is generated and organized. |
| | GO:0021847 | | ventricular zone neuroblast division | | The proliferation of neuroblasts in the ventricular zone of the cerebral cortex. The neuronal progenitors of these cells will migrate radially. |
| cellular component |
|---|
| | GO:0005794 | | Golgi apparatus | | A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions. |
| | GO:0005938 | | cell cortex | | The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. |
| | GO:0009986 | | cell surface | | The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
| | GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| | GO:0031410 | | cytoplasmic vesicle | | A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell. |
| | GO:0060076 | | excitatory synapse | | A synapse in which an action potential in the presynaptic cell increases the probability of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic cell. |
| | GO:0031012 | | extracellular matrix | | A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues. |
| | GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| | GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| | GO:0005887 | | integral component of plasma membrane | | The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| | GO:0043231 | | intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | | Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
| | GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| | GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| | GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| | GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
Description
