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(-) Description

Title :  SRC-DERIVED MUTANT PEPTIDE INHIBITOR COMPLEX OF PTP1B
 
Authors :  K. Temmerman, V. Pogenberg, C. Meyer, M. Koehn, M. Wilmanns
Date :  12 Feb 13  (Deposition) - 22 Jan 14  (Release) - 02 Apr 14  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  3.30
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,C
Keywords :  Hydrolase-Peptide Complex, Transferase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  C. Meyer, B. Hoeger, K. Temmerman, M. Tatarek-Nossol, V. Pogenberg, J. Bernhagen, M. Wilmanns, A. Kapurniotu, M. Kohn
Development Of Accessible Peptidic Tool Compounds To Study The Phosphatase Ptp1B In Intact Cells.
Acs Chem. Biol. V. 9 769 2014
PubMed-ID: 24387659  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1021/CB400903U

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - TYROSINE-PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE NON-RECEPTOR TYPE 1
    ChainsA
    EC Number3.1.3.48
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    FragmentTYROSINE-PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE DOMAIN, RESIDUES 1-321
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymPROTEIN-TYROSINE PHOSPHATASE 1B, PTP-1B
 
Molecule 2 - PROTO-ONCOGENE TYROSINE-PROTEIN KINASE SRC
    ChainsC
    EC Number2.7.10.2
    FragmentPROTO-ONCOGENE TYROSINE-PROTEIN KINASE SRC RESIDUES 527-536
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymPROTO-ONCOGENE C-SRC, PP60C-SRC, P60-SRC
    SyntheticYES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AC

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1FTY1Mod. Amino AcidDEOXY-DIFLUOROMETHELENE-PHOSPHOTYROSINE

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 3ZMQ)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3ZMQ)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1Ile A:10 -Asp A:11
2Val A:184 -Pro A:185

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_076919E527KSRC_HUMANDisease (THC6)879255268CE1K

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1TYR_PHOSPHATASE_2PS50056 Tyrosine specific protein phosphatases family profile.PTN1_HUMAN189-268  1A:189-268
2TYR_PHOSPHATASE_1PS00383 Tyrosine specific protein phosphatases active site.PTN1_HUMAN213-223  1A:213-223

(-) Exons   (8, 8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (8, 8)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1ENST000003716211ENSE00001455721chr20:49126891-49127127237PTN1_HUMAN1-21211A:7-2115
1.2ENST000003716212ENSE00000509635chr20:49177900-4917799091PTN1_HUMAN22-52311A:22-5231
1.3ENST000003716213ENSE00000662794chr20:49181506-49181606101PTN1_HUMAN52-85341A:52-8534
1.4ENST000003716214ENSE00000662795chr20:49184917-4918501599PTN1_HUMAN86-118331A:86-11227
1.5ENST000003716215ENSE00000662796chr20:49191054-49191191138PTN1_HUMAN119-164461A:124-16441
1.6ENST000003716216ENSE00000662797chr20:49194957-49195166210PTN1_HUMAN165-234701A:165-234 (gaps)70
1.7ENST000003716217ENSE00000662798chr20:49195705-49195866162PTN1_HUMAN235-288541A:235-279 (gaps)45
1.8ENST000003716218ENSE00000662799chr20:49196240-49196463224PTN1_HUMAN289-363750--
1.9ENST000003716219ENSE00001172461chr20:49197802-49197997196PTN1_HUMAN363-428660--
1.10ENST0000037162110ENSE00001455694chr20:49199229-492012992071PTN1_HUMAN429-43570--

2.2bENST000003735782bENSE00001460945chr20:35974557-35974658102SRC_HUMAN-00--
2.3ENST000003735783ENSE00001460974chr20:35993607-3599368074SRC_HUMAN-00--
2.4dENST000003735784dENSE00001460973chr20:36011022-36011190169SRC_HUMAN-00--
2.6bENST000003735786bENSE00000661877chr20:36012553-36012806254SRC_HUMAN1-84840--
2.7bENST000003735787bENSE00000661878chr20:36014478-36014577100SRC_HUMAN84-117340--
2.9bENST000003735789bENSE00000661879chr20:36022298-3602239699SRC_HUMAN117-150340--
2.9dENST000003735789dENSE00000661880chr20:36022577-36022680104SRC_HUMAN150-185360--
2.10ENST0000037357810ENSE00000661881chr20:36024565-36024714150SRC_HUMAN185-235510--
2.12bENST0000037357812bENSE00000661882chr20:36026102-36026257156SRC_HUMAN235-287530--
2.13aENST0000037357813aENSE00001654044chr20:36028518-36028697180SRC_HUMAN287-347610--
2.14aENST0000037357814aENSE00000800501chr20:36030005-3603008177SRC_HUMAN347-372260--
2.15bENST0000037357815bENSE00000661885chr20:36030838-36030991154SRC_HUMAN373-424520--
2.16aENST0000037357816aENSE00001785449chr20:36031152-36031283132SRC_HUMAN424-468450--
2.17cENST0000037357817cENSE00001460955chr20:36031574-360344532880SRC_HUMAN468-536691C:1-66

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:258
 aligned with PTN1_HUMAN | P18031 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:435

    Alignment length:273
                                    16        26        36        46        56        66        76        86        96       106       116       126       136       146       156       166       176       186       196       206       216       226       236       246       256       266       276   
           PTN1_HUMAN     7 FEQIDKSGSWAAIYQDIRHEASDFPCRVAKLPKNKNRNRYRDVSPFDHSRIKLHQEDNDYINASLIKMEEAQRSYILTQGPLPNTCGHFWEMVWEQKSRGVVMLNRVMEKGSLKCAQYWPQKEEKEMIFEDTNLKLTLISEDIKSYYTVRQLELENLTTQETREILHFHYTTWPDFGVPESPASFLNFLFKVRESGSLSPEHGPVVVHCSAGIGRSGTFCLADTCLLLMDKRKDPSSVDIKKVLLEMRKFRMGLIQTADQLRFSYLAVIEGAK 279
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .........hhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhh...........eee.......eeeeeeeee....eeeeee......hhhhhhhhhhhh....eee...-----------.........eee....eeeeeeeeee....eeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeee..........--.hhhhhhhhhhhhhh........eeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh--....hhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TYR_PHOSPHATASE_2  PDB: A:189-268 UniProt: 189-268                              ----------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TYR_PHOSPHA-------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1       Exon 1.2  PDB: A:22-52         ---------------------------------Exon 1.4  PDB: A:86-112          Exon 1.5  PDB: A:124-164 UniProt: 119-164     Exon 1.6  PDB: A:165-234 (gaps) UniProt: 165-234                      Exon 1.7  PDB: A:235-279 (gaps) [INCOMPLETE]  Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------Exon 1.3  PDB: A:52-85            -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 3zmq A   7 FEQIDKSGSWAAIYQDIRHEASDFPCRVAKLPKNKNRNRYRDVSPFDHSRIKLHQEDNDYINASLIKMEEAQRSYILTQGPLPNTCGHFWEMVWEQKSRGVVMLNR-----------YWPQKEEKEMIFEDTNLKLTLISEDIKSYYTVRQLELENLTTQETREILHFHYTTWPDFGVP--PASFLNFLFKVRESGSLSPEHGPVVVHSSAGIGRSGTFCLADTCLLLMDKR--PSSVDIKKVLLEMRKFRMGLIQTADQLRFSYLAVIEGAK 279
                                    16        26        36        46        56        66        76        86        96       106     |   -       126       136       146       156       166       176        |- |     196       206       216       226       236 |  |  246       256       266       276   
                                                                                                                                   112         124                                                          185  |                                               238  |                                      
                                                                                                                                                                                                               188                                                  241                                      

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:6
 aligned with SRC_HUMAN | P12931 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:536

    Alignment length:6
            SRC_HUMAN   527 EPQYQP 532
               SCOP domains ------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) K----- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------ PROSITE
               Transcript 2 2.17c  Transcript 2
                 3zmq C   1 EAQyQP   6
                               |  
                               4-FTY

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 3ZMQ)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3ZMQ)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3ZMQ)

(-) Gene Ontology  (203, 212)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (PTN1_HUMAN | P18031)
molecular function
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0046875    ephrin receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ephrin receptor.
    GO:0016787    hydrolase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
    GO:0005158    insulin receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor.
    GO:0016791    phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
    GO:0004721    phosphoprotein phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cell proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0051721    protein phosphatase 2A binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2A.
    GO:0004725    protein tyrosine phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
    GO:0030971    receptor tyrosine kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor that possesses protein tyrosine kinase activity.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0036498    IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response    A series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 (Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease). Begins with activation of IRE1 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. One target of activated IRE1 is the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast, or XBP1 in mammals; IRE1 cleaves an intron of a mRNA coding for HAC1/XBP1 to generate an activated HAC1/XBP1 transcription factor, which controls the up regulation of UPR-related genes. At least in mammals, IRE1 can also signal through additional intracellular pathways including JNK and NF-kappaB.
    GO:0060397    JAK-STAT cascade involved in growth hormone signaling pathway    The process in which STAT proteins (Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription) are activated by members of the JAK (janus activated kinase) family of tyrosine kinases, following the binding of physiological ligands to the growth hormone receptor. Once activated, STATs dimerize and translocate to the nucleus and modulate the expression of target genes.
    GO:0031532    actin cytoskeleton reorganization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins.
    GO:0007257    activation of JUN kinase activity    The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme JUN kinase (JNK).
    GO:0006987    activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response    The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.
    GO:0016311    dephosphorylation    The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.
    GO:0030968    endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation.
    GO:0008286    insulin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
    GO:0070373    negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:0043407    negative regulation of MAP kinase activity    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
    GO:1903898    negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.
    GO:1902236    negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0046627    negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
    GO:0009968    negative regulation of signal transduction    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
    GO:0030948    negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway activity.
    GO:0035335    peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation    The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.
    GO:1990264    peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity    Any peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation that is involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity.
    GO:0035791    platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFbeta) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:1903896    positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
    GO:0061098    positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein tyrosine kinase activity.
    GO:2000646    positive regulation of receptor catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor catabolic process.
    GO:0006470    protein dephosphorylation    The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
    GO:0030100    regulation of endocytosis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis.
    GO:1902202    regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
    GO:0046626    regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
    GO:0033157    regulation of intracellular protein transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of proteins within cells.
    GO:0009966    regulation of signal transduction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
    GO:0060338    regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of a type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway. A type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway is the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of a type I interferon binding to a cell surface receptor.
    GO:0034976    response to endoplasmic reticulum stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0098554    cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The side (leaflet) of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
    GO:0031410    cytoplasmic vesicle    A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005769    early endosome    A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0097443    sorting endosome    A multivesicular body surrounded by and connected with multiple tubular compartments with associated vesicles.

Chain C   (SRC_HUMAN | P12931)
molecular function
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0042169    SH2 domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH2 domain (Src homology 2) of a protein, a protein domain of about 100 amino-acid residues and belonging to the alpha + beta domain class.
    GO:0005070    SH3/SH2 adaptor activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently and simultaneously with one or more signal transduction molecules, usually acting as a scaffold to bring these molecules into close proximity either using their own SH2/SH3 domains (e.g. Grb2) or those of their target molecules (e.g. SAM68).
    GO:0050839    cell adhesion molecule binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cell adhesion molecule.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0046875    ephrin receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ephrin receptor.
    GO:0030331    estrogen receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor.
    GO:0070851    growth factor receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a growth factor receptor.
    GO:0020037    heme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
    GO:0051427    hormone receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a receptor for hormones.
    GO:0005158    insulin receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the insulin receptor.
    GO:0005178    integrin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.
    GO:0044325    ion channel binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0016301    kinase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule.
    GO:0019900    kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group.
    GO:0004715    non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0051219    phosphoprotein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a phosphorylated protein.
    GO:0008022    protein C-terminus binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0032403    protein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
    GO:0005080    protein kinase C binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase C.
    GO:0004672    protein kinase activity    Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP.
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0004713    protein tyrosine kinase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate.
    GO:0005102    receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0097110    scaffold protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a scaffold protein. Scaffold proteins are crucial regulators of many key signaling pathways. Although not strictly defined in function, they are known to interact and/or bind with multiple members of a signaling pathway, tethering them into complexes.
    GO:0016740    transferase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2.
biological process
    GO:0038128    ERBB2 signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to a member of the ERBB family of receptors on the surface of a cell, where the signal is transmitted by ERBB2. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. ERBB2 receptors are themselves unable to bind to ligands, but act as a signal-amplifying tyrosine kinase within a heterodimeric pair.
    GO:0038096    Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis    An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes.
    GO:0031295    T cell costimulation    The process of providing, via surface-bound receptor-ligand pairs, a second, antigen-independent, signal in addition to that provided by the T cell receptor to augment T cell activation.
    GO:0032148    activation of protein kinase B activity    Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase B.
    GO:0034332    adherens junction organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an adherens junction. An adherens junction is a cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
    GO:0086098    angiotensin-activated signaling pathway involved in heart process    An angiotensin receptor signaling pathway which contributes to a circulatory system process carried out by the heart.
    GO:0045453    bone resorption    The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products.
    GO:0060444    branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis    The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
    GO:0007155    cell adhesion    The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
    GO:0007049    cell cycle    The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
    GO:0016477    cell migration    The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0071398    cellular response to fatty acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
    GO:0071498    cellular response to fluid shear stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fluid shear stress stimulus. Fluid shear stress is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface.
    GO:0071456    cellular response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0032869    cellular response to insulin stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0071222    cellular response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0071375    cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
    GO:0036120    cellular response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a platelet-derived growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0071393    cellular response to progesterone stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus.
    GO:0034614    cellular response to reactive oxygen species    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a reactive oxygen species stimulus. Reactive oxygen species include singlet oxygen, superoxide, and oxygen free radicals.
    GO:0071560    cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus.
    GO:0007417    central nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
    GO:0048013    ephrin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an ephrin receptor binding to an ephrin.
    GO:0007173    epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0030900    forebrain development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
    GO:0002376    immune system process    Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats.
    GO:0045087    innate immune response    Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens.
    GO:0007229    integrin-mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of extracellular ligand to an integrin on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0030520    intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an intracellular estrogen receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand binding, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process (e.g. transcription).
    GO:0035556    intracellular signal transduction    The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell.
    GO:0050900    leukocyte migration    The movement of a leukocyte within or between different tissues and organs of the body.
    GO:2000811    negative regulation of anoikis    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0043154    negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic process.
    GO:2001237    negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0051895    negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
    GO:2001243    negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0051902    negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
    GO:0032463    negative regulation of protein homooligomerization    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein homooligomerization.
    GO:0051974    negative regulation of telomerase activity    Any process that stops or reduces the activity of the enzyme telomerase, which catalyzes of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1).
    GO:0032211    negative regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0048011    neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a neurotrophin to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0048477    oogenesis    The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gamete from a primordial female germ cell. Examples of this process are found in Mus musculus and Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:0036035    osteoclast development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a osteoclast from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue.
    GO:0018105    peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
    GO:0038083    peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation    The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein.
    GO:0018108    peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine.
    GO:0016310    phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide.
    GO:0030168    platelet activation    A series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue. These events include shape change, adhesiveness, aggregation, and release reactions. When carried through to completion, these events lead to the formation of a stable hemostatic plug.
    GO:0048008    platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
    GO:2000573    positive regulation of DNA biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA biosynthetic process.
    GO:0070374    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:0043406    positive regulation of MAP kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0090263    positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0045785    positive regulation of cell adhesion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell adhesion.
    GO:0045737    positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
    GO:0050715    positive regulation of cytokine secretion    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of cytokines from a cell.
    GO:0010634    positive regulation of epithelial cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0010907    positive regulation of glucose metabolic process    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolic processes are the chemical reactions and pathways involving glucose, the aldohexose gluco-hexose.
    GO:0046628    positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of insulin receptor signaling.
    GO:0033625    positive regulation of integrin activation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of integrin activation.
    GO:1902533    positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intracellular signal transduction.
    GO:2000394    positive regulation of lamellipodium morphogenesis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of lamellipodium morphogenesis.
    GO:0050731    positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine.
    GO:0043552    positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity.
    GO:0010641    positive regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
    GO:0071803    positive regulation of podosome assembly    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of podosome assembly.
    GO:0031954    positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own residues.
    GO:0051897    positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
    GO:0071902    positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
    GO:0051222    positive regulation of protein transport    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0014911    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0050847    progesterone receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a progesterone binding to its receptor.
    GO:0046777    protein autophosphorylation    The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation).
    GO:0031648    protein destabilization    Any process that decreases the stability of a protein, making it more vulnerable to degradative processes or aggregation.
    GO:0006468    protein phosphorylation    The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein.
    GO:0045124    regulation of bone resorption    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone tissue loss (resorption).
    GO:2001286    regulation of caveolin-mediated endocytosis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of caveolin-mediated endocytosis.
    GO:0051726    regulation of cell cycle    Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0060491    regulation of cell projection assembly    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cell projection assembly.
    GO:0042127    regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0022407    regulation of cell-cell adhesion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell.
    GO:2000641    regulation of early endosome to late endosome transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of early endosome to late endosome transport.
    GO:0010632    regulation of epithelial cell migration    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
    GO:0033146    regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
    GO:0071801    regulation of podosome assembly    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of podosome assembly.
    GO:0043393    regulation of protein binding    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
    GO:0043114    regulation of vascular permeability    Any process that modulates the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid.
    GO:0010447    response to acidic pH    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pH stimulus with pH < 7. pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0051602    response to electrical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
    GO:0070542    response to fatty acid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a fatty acid stimulus.
    GO:0042542    response to hydrogen peroxide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
    GO:0070555    response to interleukin-1    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus.
    GO:0009612    response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0051385    response to mineralocorticoid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mineralocorticoid stimulus. Mineralocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol and characterized by their similarity to aldosterone. Mineralocorticoids act primarily on water and electrolyte balance.
    GO:0031667    response to nutrient levels    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
    GO:0009615    response to virus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus from a virus.
    GO:0007172    signal complex assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a complex capable of relaying a signal within a cell.
    GO:0007165    signal transduction    The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
    GO:0016337    single organismal cell-cell adhesion    The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism.
    GO:0002223    stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a C-type lectin receptor capable of cellular activation.
    GO:0043149    stress fiber assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a stress fiber. A stress fiber is a contractile actin filament bundle that consists of short actin filaments with alternating polarity.
    GO:0034446    substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading    The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate.
    GO:0045056    transcytosis    The directed movement of endocytosed material through the cell and its exocytosis from the plasma membrane at the opposite side.
    GO:0007179    transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0060065    uterus development    The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the uterus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0048010    vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) located on the surface of the receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0016032    viral process    A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
cellular component
    GO:0005884    actin filament    A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005901    caveola    A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0031234    extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane    The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
    GO:0005770    late endosome    A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
    GO:0005764    lysosome    A small lytic vacuole that has cell cycle-independent morphology and is found in most animal cells and that contains a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005743    mitochondrial inner membrane    The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0043005    neuron projection    A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0014069    postsynaptic density of dendrite    An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite of asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
    GO:0032587    ruffle membrane    The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a ruffle.

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(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        PTN1_HUMAN | P180311a5y 1aax 1bzc 1bzh 1bzj 1c83 1c84 1c85 1c86 1c87 1c88 1ecv 1een 1eeo 1g1f 1g1g 1g1h 1g7f 1g7g 1gfy 1i57 1jf7 1kak 1kav 1l8g 1lqf 1nl9 1nny 1no6 1nwe 1nwl 1nz7 1oem 1oeo 1oes 1oet 1oeu 1oev 1ony 1onz 1pa1 1ph0 1ptt 1ptu 1ptv 1pty 1pxh 1pyn 1q1m 1q6j 1q6m 1q6n 1q6p 1q6s 1q6t 1qxk 1sug 1t48 1t49 1t4j 1wax 1xbo 2azr 2b07 2b4s 2bgd 2bge 2cm2 2cm3 2cm7 2cm8 2cma 2cmb 2cmc 2cne 2cnf 2cng 2cnh 2cni 2f6f 2f6t 2f6v 2f6w 2f6y 2f6z 2f70 2f71 2fjm 2fjn 2h4g 2h4k 2hb1 2hnp 2hnq 2nt7 2nta 2qbp 2qbq 2qbr 2qbs 2veu 2vev 2vew 2vex 2vey 2zmm 2zn7 3a5j 3a5k 3cwe 3d9c 3eax 3eb1 3eu0 3i7z 3i80 3qkp 3qkq 3sme 3zmp 3zv2 4bjo 4i8n 4qah 4qap 4qbe 4qbw 4y14 4zrt 5k9v 5k9w 5ka0 5ka1 5ka2 5ka3 5ka4 5ka7 5ka8 5ka9 5kaa 5kab 5kac 5kad 5t19
        SRC_HUMAN | P129311a07 1a08 1a09 1a1a 1a1b 1a1c 1a1e 1fmk 1hcs 1hct 1ksw 1o41 1o42 1o43 1o44 1o45 1o46 1o47 1o48 1o49 1o4a 1o4b 1o4c 1o4d 1o4e 1o4f 1o4g 1o4h 1o4i 1o4j 1o4k 1o4l 1o4m 1o4n 1o4o 1o4p 1o4q 1o4r 1shd 1y57 1yi6 1yoj 1yol 1yom 2bdf 2bdj 2h8h 2src 3vro 3zmp 4f59 4f5a 4f5b 4hxj 4k11 4mxo 4mxx 4mxy 4mxz

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

3zmp SRC-DERIVED PEPTIDE INHIBITOR COMPLEX OF PTP1B