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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN HDAC6 ZINC FINGER DOMAIN AND UBIQUITIN C-TERMINAL PEPTIDE RLRGG
 
Authors :  A. Dong, M. Ravichandran, P. Loppnau, Y. Li, F. Mackenzie, I. Kozieradzki, A. M. Edwards, C. H. Arrowsmith, J. Weigelt, C. Bountra, A. Bochkarev, S. Dhe-Paganon, J. Min, H. Ouyang, Structural Genomics Consortium (Sgc)
Date :  30 Mar 09  (Deposition) - 28 Apr 09  (Release) - 28 Apr 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.72
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,H
Keywords :  Hdac6, Zinc Finger, Ubiquitin C-Terminal Peptide Rlrgg, Sgc, Actin-Binding, Chromatin Regulator, Cytoplasm, Hydrolase, Metal-Binding, Nucleus, Phosphoprotein, Polymorphism, Repressor, Transcription, Transcription Regulation, Ubl Conjugation, Zinc, Zinc-Finger, Structural Genomics, Structural Genomics Consortium (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  A. Dong, M. Ravichandran, P. Loppnau, Y. Li, F. Mackenzie, I. Kozieradzki, A. M. Edwards, C. H. Arrowsmith, J. Weigelt, C. Bountra, A. Bochkarev, S. Dhe-Paganon, J. Min, H. Ouyang
Crystal Structure Of Human Hdac6 Zinc Finger Domain And Ubiquitin C-Terminal Peptide Rlrgg
To Be Published
PubMed: search
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - HISTONE DEACETYLASE 6
    ChainsA
    EC Number3.5.1.98
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidP28A-LIC
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentUNP RESIDUES 1109-1215
    GeneHDAC6, KIAA0901, JM21
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymHD6
 
Molecule 2 - UBIQUITIN C-TERMINAL PEPTIDE RLRGG
    ChainsH
    EngineeredYES
    Other DetailsUBIQUITIN C-TERMINAL PEPTIDE
    SyntheticYES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AH

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (2, 4)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CA1Ligand/IonCALCIUM ION
2ZN3Ligand/IonZINC ION

(-) Sites  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARECYS A:37 , CYS A:40 , HIS A:56 , HIS A:62BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN A 201
2AC2SOFTWARECYS A:25 , CYS A:28 , CYS A:45 , HIS A:52BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN A 202
3AC3SOFTWARECYS A:5 , HIS A:7 , CYS A:75 , CYS A:78BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN A 203
4AC4SOFTWAREALA A:17 , GLY A:26 , HOH A:205 , HOH A:212 , HOH A:225 , HOH A:228 , HOH A:282BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA A 300

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3GV4)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 3GV4)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_068962N1200DHDAC6_HUMANPolymorphism151130423AN92D

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1ZF_UBPPS50271 Zinc finger UBP-type profile.HDAC6_HUMAN1131-1192  1A:23-84

(-) Exons   (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 3)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.2eENST000003766192eENSE00001045684X:48660441-48660577137HDAC6_HUMAN-00--
1.2qENST000003766192qENSE00002164001X:48661070-48661192123HDAC6_HUMAN1-31310--
1.2tENST000003766192tENSE00001610802X:48661278-48661406129HDAC6_HUMAN32-74430--
1.3aENST000003766193aENSE00000670931X:48661535-4866162389HDAC6_HUMAN75-104300--
1.4ENST000003766194ENSE00001151249X:48663845-4866392985HDAC6_HUMAN104-132290--
1.5bENST000003766195bENSE00001248959X:48664038-4866407841HDAC6_HUMAN133-146140--
1.5lENST000003766195lENSE00001249179X:48664775-4866487197HDAC6_HUMAN146-178330--
1.5oENST000003766195oENSE00002177691X:48665016-4866511398HDAC6_HUMAN179-211330--
1.6bENST000003766196bENSE00000670925X:48666440-48666544105HDAC6_HUMAN211-246360--
1.7bENST000003766197bENSE00000670924X:48666665-4866673369HDAC6_HUMAN246-269240--
1.8bENST000003766198bENSE00000670923X:48672847-48672973127HDAC6_HUMAN269-311430--
1.9aENST000003766199aENSE00000670922X:48673082-4867314766HDAC6_HUMAN312-333220--
1.9eENST000003766199eENSE00000670921X:48673241-4867330060HDAC6_HUMAN334-353200--
1.9fENST000003766199fENSE00000670920X:48673369-4867345890HDAC6_HUMAN354-383300--
1.9jENST000003766199jENSE00000670918X:48673791-48673897107HDAC6_HUMAN384-419360--
1.10aENST0000037661910aENSE00001249091X:48673982-4867404968HDAC6_HUMAN419-442240--
1.10dENST0000037661910dENSE00000670914X:48674291-48674459169HDAC6_HUMAN442-498570--
1.11bENST0000037661911bENSE00000608098X:48674548-48674676129HDAC6_HUMAN498-541440--
1.12aENST0000037661912aENSE00000670910X:48674872-48675040169HDAC6_HUMAN541-597570--
1.13cENST0000037661913cENSE00000670908X:48675733-48675866134HDAC6_HUMAN598-642450--
1.14cENST0000037661914cENSE00001668251X:48676448-4867651669HDAC6_HUMAN642-665240--
1.14gENST0000037661914gENSE00000670904X:48676627-48676819193HDAC6_HUMAN665-729650--
1.15eENST0000037661915eENSE00001249051X:48678513-48678662150HDAC6_HUMAN730-779500--
1.16ENST0000037661916ENSE00000670900X:48681030-48681204175HDAC6_HUMAN780-838590--
1.17cENST0000037661917cENSE00000670898X:48681322-48681998677HDAC6_HUMAN838-10632260--
1.18ENST0000037661918ENSE00000670896X:48682082-48682195114HDAC6_HUMAN1064-1101380--
1.19ENST0000037661919ENSE00000670893X:48682332-48682478147HDAC6_HUMAN1102-1150491A:1-4242
1.20ENST0000037661920ENSE00000670891X:48682576-48682704129HDAC6_HUMAN1151-1193431A:43-8543
1.21bENST0000037661921bENSE00001333690X:48682954-48683386433HDAC6_HUMAN1194-1215221A:86-9914

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:99
 aligned with HDAC6_HUMAN | Q9UBN7 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1215

    Alignment length:99
                                  1118      1128      1138      1148      1158      1168      1178      1188      1198         
         HDAC6_HUMAN   1109 PLPWCPHLVAVCPIPAAGLDVTQPCGDCGTIQENWVCLSCYQVYCGRYINGHMLQHHGNSGHPLVLSYIDLSAWCYYCQAYVHHQALLDVKNIAHQNKF 1207
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains 3gv4A00 A:1-99 Zinc/RING finger domain, C3HC4 (zinc finger)                                         CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......hhhhh......................eeee.....eee.....hhhhhhhhhhh..eeee.....eee....ee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------ZF_UBP  PDB: A:23-84 UniProt: 1131-1192                       --------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.19  PDB: A:1-42 UniProt: 1102-1150 Exon 1.20  PDB: A:43-85 UniProt: 1151-1193 Exon 1.21b     Transcript 1
                3gv4 A    1 PLPWCPHLVAVCPIPAAGLDVTQPCGDCGTIQENWVCLSCYQVYCGRYINGHMLQHHGNSGHPLVLSYIDLSAWCYYCQAYVHHQALLDVKNIAHQNKF   99
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90         

Chain H from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:4
                                     
               SCOP domains ---- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---- PROSITE
                 Transcript ---- Transcript
                3gv4 H   73 LRGG   76

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 3GV4)

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3GV4)

(-) Gene Ontology  (90, 90)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (HDAC6_HUMAN | Q9UBN7)
molecular function
    GO:0051879    Hsp90 protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Hsp90 proteins, any of a group of heat shock proteins around 90kDa in size.
    GO:0032041    NAD-dependent histone deacetylase activity (H3-K14 specific)    Catalysis of the reaction: histone H3 N6-acetyl-L-lysine (position 14) + H2O = histone H3 L-lysine (position 14) + acetate. This reaction requires the presence of NAD, and represents the removal of an acetyl group from lysine at position 14 of the histone H3 protein.
    GO:0003779    actin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
    GO:0043014    alpha-tubulin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein alpha-tubulin.
    GO:0008013    beta-catenin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the beta subunit of the catenin complex.
    GO:0048487    beta-tubulin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the microtubule constituent protein beta-tubulin.
    GO:0001047    core promoter binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
    GO:0070840    dynein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a dynein complex, a protein complex that contains two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and has microtubule motor activity.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0004407    histone deacetylase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: histone N6-acetyl-L-lysine + H2O = histone L-lysine + acetate. This reaction represents the removal of an acetyl group from a histone, a class of proteins complexed to DNA in chromatin and chromosomes.
    GO:0042826    histone deacetylase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone deacetylase.
    GO:0016787    hydrolase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0008017    microtubule binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with microtubules, filaments composed of tubulin monomers.
    GO:0051787    misfolded protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a misfolded protein.
    GO:0031593    polyubiquitin modification-dependent protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein upon poly-ubiquitination of the target protein.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0048156    tau protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with tau protein. tau is a microtubule-associated protein, implicated in Alzheimer's disease, Down Syndrome and ALS.
    GO:0042903    tubulin deacetylase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: N-acetyl(alpha-tubulin) + H2O = alpha-tubulin + acetate.
    GO:0043130    ubiquitin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.
    GO:0031625    ubiquitin protein ligase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0070846    Hsp90 deacetylation    The modification of an Hsp90 protein by removal of acetyl groups.
    GO:0070842    aggresome assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form an aggresome; requires the microtubule cytoskeleton and dynein.
    GO:0006914    autophagy    The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation.
    GO:0070301    cellular response to hydrogen peroxide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
    GO:0071218    cellular response to misfolded protein    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
    GO:0035967    cellular response to topologically incorrect protein    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a protein that is not folded in its correct three-dimensional structure.
    GO:0070932    histone H3 deacetylation    The modification of histone H3 by the removal of one or more acetyl groups.
    GO:0016575    histone deacetylation    The modification of histones by removal of acetyl groups.
    GO:0006886    intracellular protein transport    The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
    GO:0032418    lysosome localization    Any process in which a lysosome is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location.
    GO:0016236    macroautophagy    The major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane-bounded autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane-bounded structure. Autophagosomes then fuse with a lysosome (or vacuole) releasing single-membrane-bounded autophagic bodies that are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). Though once thought to be a purely non-selective process, it appears that some types of macroautophagy, e.g. macropexophagy, macromitophagy, may involve selective targeting of the targets to be degraded.
    GO:0006515    misfolded or incompletely synthesized protein catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of misfolded or attenuated proteins.
    GO:0051646    mitochondrion localization    Any process in which a mitochondrion or mitochondria are transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within the cell.
    GO:0010727    negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving hydrogen peroxide.
    GO:0007026    negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule depolymerization; prevention of depolymerization of a microtubule can result from binding by 'capping' at the plus end (e.g. by interaction with another cellular protein of structure) or by exposing microtubules to a stabilizing drug such as taxol.
    GO:0051354    negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity    Any process that stops or reduces the rate of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered.
    GO:0043242    negative regulation of protein complex disassembly    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex disassembly, the disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components.
    GO:0045861    negative regulation of proteolysis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0006996    organelle organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
    GO:0034983    peptidyl-lysine deacetylation    The removal of an acetyl group from an acetylated lysine residue in a peptide or protein.
    GO:0070845    polyubiquitinated misfolded protein transport    The directed movement of misfolded polyubiquitinated proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell.
    GO:0090035    positive regulation of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly    Any process that increases the frequency, rate, or extent of chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly. Chaperone-mediated protein complex assembly is the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex, mediated by chaperone molecules that do not form part of the finished complex.
    GO:0010634    positive regulation of epithelial cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration.
    GO:1901300    positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death.
    GO:0098779    positive regulation of macromitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization    The macromitophagy process that is triggered by a detection of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.
    GO:0010870    positive regulation of receptor biosynthetic process    Any process that increases the frequency or rate of receptor biosynthesis. Receptor biosynthesis is the collection of chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0009967    positive regulation of signal transduction    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction.
    GO:0043241    protein complex disassembly    The disaggregation of a protein complex into its constituent components. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.
    GO:0006476    protein deacetylation    The removal of an acetyl group from a protein amino acid. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
    GO:0000209    protein polyubiquitination    Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.
    GO:0060765    regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the androgen receptor signaling pathway.
    GO:0010506    regulation of autophagy    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
    GO:0070201    regulation of establishment of protein localization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a protein to a specific location.
    GO:0045598    regulation of fat cell differentiation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation.
    GO:0040029    regulation of gene expression, epigenetic    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression; the process is mitotically or meiotically heritable, or is stably self-propagated in the cytoplasm of a resting cell, and does not entail a change in DNA sequence.
    GO:0060632    regulation of microtubule-based movement    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of microtubule-based movement, the movement of organelles, other microtubules and other particles along microtubules, mediated by motor proteins.
    GO:1903146    regulation of mitophagy    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitochondrion degradation (mitophagy).
    GO:0031647    regulation of protein stability    Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
    GO:0010469    regulation of receptor activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity. Receptor activity is when a molecule combines with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0070848    response to growth factor    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0051788    response to misfolded protein    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a misfolded protein stimulus.
    GO:0010033    response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0009636    response to toxic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0090042    tubulin deacetylation    The removal of an acetyl group from tubulin. An acetyl group is CH3CO-, derived from acetic [ethanoic] acid.
    GO:0006511    ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide by hydrolysis of its peptide bonds, initiated by the covalent attachment of a ubiquitin group, or multiple ubiquitin groups, to the protein.
    GO:0043162    ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process via the multivesicular body sorting pathway    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein or peptide covalently tagged with ubiquitin, via the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway; ubiquitin-tagged proteins are sorted into MVBs, and delivered to a lysosome/vacuole for degradation.
cellular component
    GO:0016235    aggresome    An inclusion body formed by dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.
    GO:0030424    axon    The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
    GO:0005901    caveola    A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
    GO:0031252    cell leading edge    The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005881    cytoplasmic microtubule    Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0030286    dynein complex    Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.
    GO:0000118    histone deacetylase complex    A protein complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.
    GO:0016234    inclusion body    A discrete intracellular part formed of aggregated molecules such as proteins or other biopolymers.
    GO:0005874    microtubule    Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
    GO:0005875    microtubule associated complex    Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.
    GO:0005771    multivesicular body    A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0043204    perikaryon    The portion of the cell soma (neuronal cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.

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        HDAC6_HUMAN | Q9UBN73c5k 3phd 5b8d 5edu 5kh3 5kh7 5kh9

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