molecular function |
| GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| GO:0003677 | | DNA binding | | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| GO:0017124 | | SH3 domain binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SH3 domain (Src homology 3) of a protein, small protein modules containing approximately 50 amino acid residues found in a great variety of intracellular or membrane-associated proteins. |
| GO:0051015 | | actin filament binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits. |
| GO:0003785 | | actin monomer binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric actin, also known as G-actin. |
| GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| GO:0000287 | | magnesium ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions. |
| GO:0030145 | | manganese ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with manganese (Mn) ions. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0051019 | | mitogen-activated protein kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase. |
| GO:0004515 | | nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + nicotinate ribonucleotide = diphosphate + deamido-NAD+. |
| GO:0004715 | | non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + protein L-tyrosine = ADP + protein L-tyrosine phosphate by a non-membrane spanning protein. |
| GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| GO:0070064 | | proline-rich region binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a proline-rich region, i.e. a region that contains a high proportion of proline residues, in a protein. |
| GO:0008022 | | protein C-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0019904 | | protein domain specific binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein. |
| GO:0005080 | | protein kinase C binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase C. |
| GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| GO:0004713 | | protein tyrosine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + a protein tyrosine = ADP + protein tyrosine phosphate. |
| GO:0005102 | | receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| GO:0019905 | | syntaxin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse. |
| GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
biological process |
| GO:0042100 | | B cell proliferation | | The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation. |
| GO:0002322 | | B cell proliferation involved in immune response | | The expansion of a B cell population by cell division following B cell activation during an immune response. |
| GO:0050853 | | B cell receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell. |
| GO:0001922 | | B-1 B cell homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells of the B-1 subset such that the total number of B-1 B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. B-1 B cells are a distinct subset of B cells characterized as being CD5 positive, found predominantly in the peritoneum, pleural cavities, and spleen, and enriched for self-reactivity. |
| GO:0060020 | | Bergmann glial cell differentiation | | The process in which neuroepithelial cells of the neural tube give rise to Brgmann glial cells, specialized bipotential progenitors cells of the cerebellum. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate. |
| GO:0006975 | | DNA damage induced protein phosphorylation | | The widespread phosphorylation of various molecules, triggering many downstream processes, that occurs in response to the detection of DNA damage. |
| GO:0006281 | | DNA repair | | The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. |
| GO:0038096 | | Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway involved in phagocytosis | | An Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway that contributes to the endocytic engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. |
| GO:0030036 | | actin cytoskeleton organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| GO:0090135 | | actin filament branching | | The formation of daughter actin filament branches at an angle on the sides of preexisting mother filaments. |
| GO:0050798 | | activated T cell proliferation | | The expansion of a T cell population following activation by an antigenic stimulus. |
| GO:1990051 | | activation of protein kinase C activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme protein kinase C. |
| GO:0046632 | | alpha-beta T cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of an alpha-beta T cell. An alpha-beta T cell is a T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. |
| GO:0006915 | | apoptotic process | | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| GO:0006914 | | autophagy | | The process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. |
| GO:0007155 | | cell adhesion | | The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. |
| GO:0007050 | | cell cycle arrest | | A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M). |
| GO:0006464 | | cellular protein modification process | | The covalent alteration of one or more amino acids occurring in proteins, peptides and nascent polypeptides (co-translational, post-translational modifications) occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes the modification of charged tRNAs that are destined to occur in a protein (pre-translation modification). |
| GO:0006974 | | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| GO:1903351 | | cellular response to dopamine | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dopamine stimulus. |
| GO:0070301 | | cellular response to hydrogen peroxide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus. |
| GO:0071222 | | cellular response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0034599 | | cellular response to oxidative stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| GO:0021587 | | cerebellum morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellum is generated and organized. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills. |
| GO:0048668 | | collateral sprouting | | The process in which outgrowths develop from the shafts of existing axons. |
| GO:0006897 | | endocytosis | | A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. |
| GO:0007173 | | epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0045184 | | establishment of protein localization | | The directed movement of a protein to a specific location. |
| GO:0045087 | | innate immune response | | Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| GO:0008630 | | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage | | A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0030035 | | microspike assembly | | Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell. |
| GO:0006298 | | mismatch repair | | A system for the correction of errors in which an incorrect base, which cannot form hydrogen bonds with the corresponding base in the parent strand, is incorporated into the daughter strand. The mismatch repair system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. |
| GO:0051882 | | mitochondrial depolarization | | The process in which the potential difference across the mitochondrial membrane is reduced from its steady state level. |
| GO:0030514 | | negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway. |
| GO:0070373 | | negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| GO:0043124 | | negative regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of -kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. |
| GO:0022408 | | negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. |
| GO:2000773 | | negative regulation of cellular senescence | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. |
| GO:2000352 | | negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:0045930 | | negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| GO:1900275 | | negative regulation of phospholipase C activity | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phospholipase C activity. |
| GO:0071901 | | negative regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of protein serine/threonine kinase activity. |
| GO:0051444 | | negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin transferase activity. |
| GO:0050885 | | neuromuscular process controlling balance | | Any process that an organism uses to control its balance, the orientation of the organism (or the head of the organism) in relation to the source of gravity. In humans and animals, balance is perceived through visual cues, the labyrinth system of the inner ears and information from skin pressure receptors and muscle and joint receptors. |
| GO:0038083 | | peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation | | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own tyrosine amino acid residues, or a tyrosine residue on an identical protein. |
| GO:0018108 | | peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine to form peptidyl-O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine. |
| GO:0006909 | | phagocytosis | | An endocytosis process that results in the engulfment of external particulate material by phagocytes. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. |
| GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| GO:0048008 | | platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands. |
| GO:0035791 | | platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a ligand to a beta-type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFbeta) on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0070374 | | positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade. |
| GO:0043123 | | positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. |
| GO:2000096 | | positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway. |
| GO:1904531 | | positive regulation of actin filament binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of actin filament binding. |
| GO:0043065 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0007204 | | positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration | | Any process that increases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol. |
| GO:1902715 | | positive regulation of interferon-gamma secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interferon-gamma secretion. |
| GO:1900042 | | positive regulation of interleukin-2 secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of interleukin-2 secretion. |
| GO:1904528 | | positive regulation of microtubule binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule binding. |
| GO:0045931 | | positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| GO:0051149 | | positive regulation of muscle cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of muscle cell differentiation. |
| GO:1901216 | | positive regulation of neuron death | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death. |
| GO:0033690 | | positive regulation of osteoblast proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation. |
| GO:0051353 | | positive regulation of oxidoreductase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of oxidoreductase activity, the catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. |
| GO:0050731 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| GO:0001934 | | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| GO:0051281 | | positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| GO:0046777 | | protein autophosphorylation | | The phosphorylation by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues (cis-autophosphorylation), or residues on an identical protein (trans-autophosphorylation). |
| GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| GO:0032956 | | regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| GO:2000249 | | regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. |
| GO:0010506 | | regulation of autophagy | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| GO:0030516 | | regulation of axon extension | | Any process that modulates the rate, direction or extent of axon extension. |
| GO:0030155 | | regulation of cell adhesion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. |
| GO:0051726 | | regulation of cell cycle | | Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| GO:2000145 | | regulation of cell motility | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. |
| GO:0042127 | | regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:2000772 | | regulation of cellular senescence | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence. |
| GO:0030100 | | regulation of endocytosis | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. |
| GO:1903053 | | regulation of extracellular matrix organization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. |
| GO:0031113 | | regulation of microtubule polymerization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of microtubule polymerization. |
| GO:2001020 | | regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to DNA damage stimulus. |
| GO:0006355 | | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0006979 | | response to oxidative stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. |
| GO:0042770 | | signal transduction in response to DNA damage | | A cascade of processes induced by the detection of DNA damage within a cell. |
| GO:0048536 | | spleen development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions. |
| GO:0034446 | | substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading | | The morphogenetic process that results in flattening of a cell as a consequence of its adhesion to a substrate. |
| GO:0048538 | | thymus development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components. |
| GO:0002333 | | transitional one stage B cell differentiation | | The process in which immature B cells from the bone marrow acquire the specialized features of T1 stage B cells in the spleen. T1 stage B cells do not express either CD23 or CD21. |
cellular component |
| GO:0015629 | | actin cytoskeleton | | The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes. |
| GO:0031252 | | cell leading edge | | The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0031234 | | extrinsic component of cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane | | The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its cytoplasmic surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005739 | | mitochondrion | | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| GO:0031965 | | nuclear membrane | | Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space. |
| GO:0005730 | | nucleolus | | A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. |
| GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |