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(-) Description

Title :  CALMODULIN BOUND TO PEPTIDE FROM NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE
 
Authors :  H. L. Ng, T. Alber, A. J. Wand
Date :  06 Dec 06  (Deposition) - 25 Dec 07  (Release) - 13 Jul 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.55
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B
Keywords :  Protein-Peptide Complex, Metal Binding Protein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  K. G. Valentine, H. L. Ng, L. Schneeweis, J. K. Kranz, K. K. Frederick, T. Alber, A. J. Wand
Crystal Structure Of Calmodulin-Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Complex
To Be Published
PubMed: search

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - CALMODULIN
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System PlasmidPET 15B
    Expression System StrainBL21 (DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    GeneCALM
    Organism CommonCHICKEN
    Organism ScientificGALLUS GALLUS
    Organism Taxid9031
    SynonymCAM
 
Molecule 2 - PEPTIDE CORRESPONDING TO CALMODULIN BINDING DOMAIN OF NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Other DetailsTHE PEPTIDE WAS CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED. THIS SEQUENCE OCCURS NATURALLY IN MICE. PEPTIDE IS ACETYLATED AT N-TERMINUS AND AMIDATED AT C-TERMINUS.
    SyntheticYES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (2, 5)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 5)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1CA4Ligand/IonCALCIUM ION
2NH21Mod. Amino AcidAMINO GROUP

(-) Sites  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREASP A:129 , ASP A:131 , ASP A:133 , GLN A:135 , GLU A:140 , HOH A:432BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA A 401
2AC2SOFTWAREASP A:56 , ASP A:58 , ASN A:60 , THR A:62 , GLU A:67 , HOH A:410BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA A 402
3AC3SOFTWAREASP A:20 , ASP A:22 , ASP A:24 , THR A:26 , GLU A:31 , HOH A:419BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA A 403
4AC4SOFTWAREASP A:93 , ASP A:95 , ASN A:97 , TYR A:99 , GLU A:104 , HOH A:476BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CA A 404

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2O60)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2O60)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2O60)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 8)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1EF_HAND_2PS50222 EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile.CALM_CHICK8-43
44-79
81-116
117-149
  4A:7-42
A:43-78
A:80-115
A:116-148
2EF_HAND_1PS00018 EF-hand calcium-binding domain.CALM_CHICK21-33
57-69
94-106
130-142
  4A:20-32
A:56-68
A:93-105
A:129-141

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 2O60)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:148
 aligned with CALM_CHICK | P62149 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:149

    Alignment length:148
                                    11        21        31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141        
           CALM_CHICK     2 ADQLTEEQIAEFKEAFSLFDKDGDGTITTKELGTVMRSLGQNPTEAELQDMINEVDADGNGTIDFPEFLTMMARKMKDTDSEEEIREAFRVFDKDGNGYISAAELRHVMTNLGEKLTDEEVDEMIREADIDGDGQVNYEEFVQMMTAK 149
               SCOP domains d2o60a_ A: Calmodulin                                                                                                                                SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------EF_hand_5-2o60A01 A:84-145                                    --- Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------EF_hand_5-2o60A02 A:84-145                                    --- Pfam domains (2)
         Sec.struct. author ....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhh.....eehhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh.........eehhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ------EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:7-42 UniProt: 8-43EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:43-78             -EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:80-115            EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:116-148         PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) -------------------EF_HAND_1    -----------------------EF_HAND_1    ------------------------EF_HAND_1    -----------------------EF_HAND_1    ------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2o60 A   1 ADQLTEEQIAEFKEAFSLFDKDGDGTITTKELGTVMRSLGQNPTEAELQDMINEVDADGNGTIDFPEFLTMMARKMKDTDSEEEIREAFRVFDKDGNGYISAAELRHVMTNLGEKLTDEEVDEMIREADIDGDGQVNYEEFVQMMTAK 148
                                    10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140        

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:21
 aligned with NOS1_MOUSE | Q9Z0J4 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1429

    Alignment length:21
                                   737       747 
           NOS1_MOUSE   728 AIGFKKLAEAVKFSAKLMGQA 748
               SCOP domains --------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript --------------------- Transcript
                 2o60 B   4 AIGFKKLAEAVKFSAKLMGQx  24
                                    13        23|
                                               24-NH2

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2O60)

(-) Pfam Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Clan: EF_hand (270)

(-) Gene Ontology  (113, 115)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (CALM_CHICK | P62149)
molecular function
    GO:0031997    N-terminal myristoylation domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the N-terminus of a protein that has the potential to be, or has been, modified by N-terminal myristoylation. Binding affinity is typically altered by myristoylation; for example, N-terminal myristoylation of HIV Nef increases its affinity for calmodulin.
    GO:0005509    calcium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
    GO:0044325    ion channel binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0017022    myosin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a myosin complex; myosins are any of a superfamily of molecular motor proteins that bind to actin and use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to generate force and movement along actin filaments.
    GO:0043274    phospholipase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any phospholipase, enzymes that catalyze of the hydrolysis of a glycerophospholipid.
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0072542    protein phosphatase activator activity    Increases the activity of a protein phosphatase, an enzyme which catalyzes of the removal of a phosphate group from a protein substrate molecule.
    GO:0031996    thioesterase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme.
    GO:0031432    titin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.
biological process
    GO:0005513    detection of calcium ion    The series of events in which a calcium ion stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal.
    GO:0030801    positive regulation of cyclic nucleotide metabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving cyclic nucleotides.
    GO:0051343    positive regulation of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: nucleotide 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H2O = nucleotide 5'-phosphate.
    GO:0032516    positive regulation of phosphoprotein phosphatase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of a phosphoprotein phosphatase.
    GO:0035307    positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein.
    GO:0060316    positive regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity    Any process that increases the activity of a ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel. The ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel catalyzes the transmembrane transfer of a calcium ion by a channel that opens when a ryanodine class ligand has been bound by the channel complex or one of its constituent parts.
    GO:0055117    regulation of cardiac muscle contraction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction.
    GO:0032465    regulation of cytokinesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells.
    GO:0002027    regulation of heart rate    Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction.
    GO:0010880    regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the process in which the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol occurs via calcium release channels.
    GO:0051592    response to calcium ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
    GO:0021762    substantia nigra development    The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
cellular component
    GO:0034704    calcium channel complex    An ion channel complex through which calcium ions pass.
    GO:0005813    centrosome    A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0030017    sarcomere    The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
    GO:0005876    spindle microtubule    Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
    GO:0000922    spindle pole    Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.
    GO:0031982    vesicle    Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane.

Chain B   (NOS1_MOUSE | Q9Z0J4)
molecular function
    GO:0010181    FMN binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with flavin mono nucleotide. Flavin mono nucleotide (FMN) is the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes.
    GO:0050661    NADP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in many redox and biosynthetic reactions; binding may be to either the oxidized form, NADP+, or the reduced form, NADPH.
    GO:0005516    calmodulin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein with many roles, both in the calcium-bound and calcium-free states.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0050660    flavin adenine dinucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with FAD, flavin-adenine dinucleotide, the coenzyme or the prosthetic group of various flavoprotein oxidoreductase enzymes, in either the oxidized form, FAD, or the reduced form, FADH2.
    GO:0020037    heme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
    GO:0005506    iron ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron (Fe) ions.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0004517    nitric-oxide synthase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: L-arginine + n NADPH + n H+ + m O2 = citrulline + nitric oxide + n NADP+.
    GO:0016491    oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
biological process
    GO:0007568    aging    A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
    GO:0048148    behavioral response to cocaine    Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus.
    GO:0071363    cellular response to growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0071260    cellular response to mechanical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus.
    GO:0042738    exogenous drug catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a drug that has originated externally to the cell or organism.
    GO:0007565    female pregnancy    The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
    GO:0033555    multicellular organismal response to stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0045776    negative regulation of blood pressure    Any process in which the force of blood traveling through the circulatory system is decreased.
    GO:0051926    negative regulation of calcium ion transport    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0051481    negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration    Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol.
    GO:0045822    negative regulation of heart contraction    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction.
    GO:0051346    negative regulation of hydrolase activity    Any process that stops or reduces the rate of hydrolase activity, the catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds.
    GO:0046676    negative regulation of insulin secretion    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
    GO:0043267    negative regulation of potassium ion transport    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0051612    negative regulation of serotonin uptake    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of serotonin into a cell.
    GO:0045906    negative regulation of vasoconstriction    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of vasoconstriction.
    GO:0006809    nitric oxide biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water.
    GO:0007263    nitric oxide mediated signal transduction    Any intracellular signal transduction in which the signal is passed on within the cell via nitric oxide (NO). Includes synthesis of nitric oxide, receptors/sensors for nitric oxide (such as soluble guanylyl cyclase/sGC) and downstream effectors that further transmit the signal within the cell. Nitric oxide transmits its downstream effects through either cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent or independent mechanisms.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
    GO:0018119    peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation    The covalent addition of a nitric oxide (NO) group to the sulphur (S) atom of a cysteine residue in a protein, to form peptidyl-S-nitrosyl-L-cysteine.
    GO:1901206    positive regulation of adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a cardiac adrenergic receptor signaling pathway.
    GO:0031284    positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of guanylate cyclase activity.
    GO:0035066    positive regulation of histone acetylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein.
    GO:1900273    positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of long-term synaptic potentiation.
    GO:1901216    positive regulation of neuron death    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron death.
    GO:0098735    positive regulation of the force of heart contraction    Any process that increases the force of heart muscle contraction.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0008016    regulation of heart contraction    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. Heart contraction is the process in which the heart decreases in volume in a characteristic way to propel blood through the body.
    GO:0050767    regulation of neurogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
    GO:0051930    regulation of sensory perception of pain    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the sensory perception of pain, the series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal.
    GO:0002028    regulation of sodium ion transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0014823    response to activity    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an activity stimulus.
    GO:0043627    response to estrogen    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by an estrogen, C18 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of female sexual characteristics.
    GO:0045471    response to ethanol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
    GO:0009408    response to heat    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.
    GO:0001666    response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0010288    response to lead ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lead ion stimulus.
    GO:0032496    response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0035094    response to nicotine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
    GO:0071731    response to nitric oxide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitric oxide stimulus.
    GO:0031667    response to nutrient levels    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients.
    GO:0014070    response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0010243    response to organonitrogen compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organonitrogen stimulus. An organonitrogen compound is formally a compound containing at least one carbon-nitrogen bond.
    GO:0043434    response to peptide hormone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a peptide hormone stimulus. A peptide hormone is any of a class of peptides that are secreted into the blood stream and have endocrine functions in living animals.
    GO:0033197    response to vitamin E    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin E stimulus.
    GO:0006941    striated muscle contraction    A process in which force is generated within striated muscle tissue, resulting in the shortening of the muscle. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. Striated muscle is a type of muscle in which the repeating units (sarcomeres) of the contractile myofibrils are arranged in registry throughout the cell, resulting in transverse or oblique striations observable at the level of the light microscope.
cellular component
    GO:0030315    T-tubule    Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
    GO:0030018    Z disc    Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
    GO:0042582    azurophil granule    Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
    GO:0005901    caveola    A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0030425    dendrite    A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
    GO:0043197    dendritic spine    A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0045121    membrane raft    Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions.
    GO:0005741    mitochondrial outer membrane    The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0031965    nuclear membrane    Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0014069    postsynaptic density of dendrite    An electron dense network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite of asymetric synapses. Its major components include neurotransmitter receptors and the proteins that spatially and functionally organize them such as anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components.
    GO:0042383    sarcolemma    The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.
    GO:0016529    sarcoplasmic reticulum    A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; that part of the endoplasmic reticulum specialized for calcium release, uptake and storage.
    GO:0033017    sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
    GO:0012506    vesicle membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

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        CALM_CHICK | P621491ahr 1aji 1cm1 1cm4 1deg 1k90 1k93 1lvc 1nkf 1qiv 1qiw 1sk6 1up5 2bcx 2bki 2kz2 2m3s 2o5g 2vb6 3cln 3gof 3gp2 4bya 5hit

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

2o5g