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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN-DEGRADING ENZYME IN COMPLEX WITH GLUCAGON
 
Authors :  Y. Shen, W. -J. Tang
Date :  21 Feb 06  (Deposition) - 24 Oct 06  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.50
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Biol. Unit 1:  A,C  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B,D  (1x)
Keywords :  Protein-Peptide Complex, Hydrolase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  Y. Shen, A. Joachimiak, M. R. Rosner, W. J. Tang
Structures Of Human Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Reveal A New Substrate Recognition Mechanism.
Nature V. 443 870 2006
PubMed-ID: 17051221  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1038/NATURE05143
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - INSULIN-DEGRADING ENZYME
    ChainsA, B
    EC Number3.4.24.56
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPPROEX
    Expression System StrainROSETTA(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid562
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    GeneIDE
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymINSULYSIN, INSULINASE, INSULIN PROTEASE
 
Molecule 2 - GLUCAGON PREPROPROTEIN
    ChainsC, D
    EngineeredYES
    FragmentRESIDUES 53-81
    Other DetailsTHIS SEQUENCE OCCURS NATURALLY IN HOMO SAPIENS (HUMAN).
    SyntheticYES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric Unit ABCD
Biological Unit 1 (1x)A C 
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B D

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1DIO2Ligand/Ion1,4-DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE
Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1DIO1Ligand/Ion1,4-DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE
Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1DIO1Ligand/Ion1,4-DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE

(-) Sites  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARELEU A:204 , THR A:208 , ARG A:477BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE DIO A 2000
2AC2SOFTWARELEU B:204 , GLU B:205 , TYR B:302 , ARG B:477 , HOH B:2063BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE DIO B 2001

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2G49)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2G49)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051571E612KIDE_HUMANPolymorphism2229708A/BE612K

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051571E612KIDE_HUMANPolymorphism2229708AE612K

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051571E612KIDE_HUMANPolymorphism2229708BE612K

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1GLUCAGONPS00260 Glucagon / GIP / secretin / VIP family signature.GLUC_HUMAN53-75
 
92-114
98-120
146-168
  2C:1-23
D:1-23
-
-
-
2INSULINASEPS00143 Insulinase family, zinc-binding region signature.IDE_HUMAN95-118
 
  2A:95-118
B:95-118
Biological Unit 1 (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1GLUCAGONPS00260 Glucagon / GIP / secretin / VIP family signature.GLUC_HUMAN53-75
 
92-114
98-120
146-168
  1C:1-23
-
-
-
-
2INSULINASEPS00143 Insulinase family, zinc-binding region signature.IDE_HUMAN95-118
 
  1A:95-118
-
Biological Unit 2 (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1GLUCAGONPS00260 Glucagon / GIP / secretin / VIP family signature.GLUC_HUMAN53-75
 
92-114
98-120
146-168
  1-
D:1-23
-
-
-
2INSULINASEPS00143 Insulinase family, zinc-binding region signature.IDE_HUMAN95-118
 
  1-
B:95-118

(-) Exons   (25, 50)

Asymmetric Unit (25, 50)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000002659861aENSE00000810721chr10:94333833-94333679155IDE_HUMAN1-33330--
1.7ENST000002659867ENSE00001007241chr10:94297307-94297123185IDE_HUMAN33-95632A:43-95
B:44-95
53
52
1.8ENST000002659868ENSE00000810719chr10:94294542-94294335208IDE_HUMAN95-164702A:95-164
B:95-164
70
70
1.9ENST000002659869ENSE00000810718chr10:94291674-94291505170IDE_HUMAN164-221582A:164-221
B:164-221
58
58
1.10ENST0000026598610ENSE00000810717chr10:94274799-94274677123IDE_HUMAN221-262422A:221-262
B:221-262
42
42
1.11bENST0000026598611bENSE00002200011chr10:94269919-94269807113IDE_HUMAN262-299382A:262-299
B:262-299
38
38
1.12ENST0000026598612ENSE00001792299chr10:94268647-94268485163IDE_HUMAN300-354552A:300-354
B:300-354
55
55
1.13ENST0000026598613ENSE00001679493chr10:94267962-9426787093IDE_HUMAN354-385322A:354-385
B:354-385
32
32
1.14ENST0000026598614ENSE00001644321chr10:94267423-9426733292IDE_HUMAN385-415312A:385-415
B:385-415
31
31
1.15ENST0000026598615ENSE00001604816chr10:94266279-9426619981IDE_HUMAN416-442272A:416-442
B:416-442
27
27
1.16ENST0000026598616ENSE00001667495chr10:94264654-94264551104IDE_HUMAN443-477352A:443-477
B:443-477
35
35
1.18ENST0000026598618ENSE00001648528chr10:94250352-94250250103IDE_HUMAN477-511352A:477-511
B:477-511
35
35
1.19ENST0000026598619ENSE00001617455chr10:94247075-94246953123IDE_HUMAN512-552412A:512-552
B:512-552
41
41
1.20ENST0000026598620ENSE00001749482chr10:94243094-9424301283IDE_HUMAN553-580282A:553-580
B:553-580
28
28
1.22cENST0000026598622cENSE00001616294chr10:94239178-94239034145IDE_HUMAN580-628492A:580-628
B:580-628
49
49
1.24cENST0000026598624cENSE00001756569chr10:94235751-94235641111IDE_HUMAN629-665372A:629-665
B:629-665
37
37
1.25aENST0000026598625aENSE00001597974chr10:94234718-94234598121IDE_HUMAN666-706412A:666-706
B:666-706
41
41
1.26ENST0000026598626ENSE00001744468chr10:94230102-9423001192IDE_HUMAN706-736312A:706-736
B:706-736
31
31
1.27ENST0000026598627ENSE00001745441chr10:94228747-94228636112IDE_HUMAN737-774382A:737-774
B:737-774
38
38
1.28ENST0000026598628ENSE00001711231chr10:94225600-94225433168IDE_HUMAN774-830572A:774-830
B:774-830
57
57
1.29ENST0000026598629ENSE00001669881chr10:94223760-94223488273IDE_HUMAN830-921922A:830-921
B:830-921
92
92
1.30ENST0000026598630ENSE00001634298chr10:94221009-9422094862IDE_HUMAN921-941212A:921-941
B:921-941
21
21
1.31ENST0000026598631ENSE00001762309chr10:94216188-9421611673IDE_HUMAN942-966252A:942-966
B:942-966
25
25
1.32ENST0000026598632ENSE00001734076chr10:94215400-9421533368IDE_HUMAN966-988232A:966-988 (gaps)
B:966-988 (gaps)
23
23
1.33bENST0000026598633bENSE00001893153chr10:94214296-942114412856IDE_HUMAN989-1019312A:989-1016
B:989-1014
28
26

2.1bENST000003754971bENSE00001527920chr2:163008757-16300866890GLUC_HUMAN-00--
2.2aENST000003754972aENSE00002195895chr2:163005697-163005597101GLUC_HUMAN1-31310--
2.4bENST000003754974bENSE00000779529chr2:163004024-163003863162GLUC_HUMAN31-85552C:1-28 (gaps)
D:1-27 (gaps)
28
27
2.5aENST000003754975aENSE00000779528chr2:163002187-163002050138GLUC_HUMAN85-131470--
2.6bENST000003754976bENSE00000779527chr2:163000680-163000537144GLUC_HUMAN131-179490--
2.7ENST000003754977ENSE00001686821chr2:163000421-1630004157GLUC_HUMAN179-18020--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:970
 aligned with IDE_HUMAN | P14735 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1019

    Alignment length:974
                                    52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392       402       412       422       432       442       452       462       472       482       492       502       512       522       532       542       552       562       572       582       592       602       612       622       632       642       652       662       672       682       692       702       712       722       732       742       752       762       772       782       792       802       812       822       832       842       852       862       872       882       892       902       912       922       932       942       952       962       972       982       992      1002      1012    
           IDE_HUMAN     43 NNPAIKRIGNHITKSPEDKREYRGLELANGIKVLLISDPTTDKSSAALDVHIGSLSDPPNIAGLSHFCEHMLFLGTKKYPKENEYSQFLSEHAGSSNAFTSGEHTNYYFDVSHEHLEGALDRFAQFFLCPLFDESCKDREVNAVDSEHEKNVMNDAWRLFQLEKATGNPKHPFSKFGTGNKYTLETRPNQEGIDVRQELLKFHSAYYSSNLMAVCVLGRESLDDLTNLVVKLFSEVENKNVPLPEFPEHPFQEEHLKQLYKIVPIKDIRNLYVTFPIPDLQKYYKSNPGHYLGHLIGHEGPGSLLSELKSKGWVNTLVGGQKEGARGFMFFIINVDLTEEGLLHVEDIILHMFQYIQKLRAEGPQEWVFQECKDLNAVAFRFKDKERPRGYTSKIAGILHYYPLEEVLTAEYLLEEFRPDLIEMVLDKLRPENVRVAIVSKSFEGKTDRTEEWYGTQYKQEAIPDEVIKKWQNADLNGKFKLPTKNEFIPTNFEILPLEKEATPYPALIKDTAMSKLWFKQDDKFFLPKACLNFEFFSPFAYVDPLHCNMAYLYLELLKDSLNEYAYAAELAGLSYDLQNTIYGMYLSVKGYNDKQPILLKKIIEKMATFEIDEKRFEIIKEAYMRSLNNFRAEQPHQHAMYYLRLLMTEVAWTKDELKEALDDVTLPRLKAFIPQLLSRLHIEALLHGNITKQAALGIMQMVEDTLIEHAHTKPLLPSQLVRYREVQLPDRGWFVYQQRNEVHNNCGIEIYYQTDMQSTSENMFLELFCQIISEPCFNTLRTKEQLGYIVFSGPRRANGIQGLRFIIQSEKPPHYLESRVEAFLITMEKSIEDMTEEAFQKHIQALAIRRLDKPKKLSAECAKYWGEIISQQYNFDRDNTEVAYLKTLTKEDIIKFYKEMLAVDAPRRHKVSVHVLAREMDSCPVVGEFPCQNDINLSQAPALPQPEVIQNMTEFKRGLPLFPLVKPHINFMA 1016
               SCOP domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....eeee............eeeeeee....eeeeee.....eeeeeeee..hhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhh...eeeeee....eeeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.................hhhhh.eeeee.......eeeeeeee..hhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeee.hhhh....ee......eeeeee.hhhhhhhhhh.................................eeeee...eeeeeee.......eeeeeeeee.hhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeeeeee..eeeeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.ee.hhhhh...........eeeeeeee......eeeeeeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........eeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......eeeeeeee............----..............ee..hhhhhhhh............... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------K-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------INSULINASE  PDB: A:95-11---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.7  PDB: A:43-95 UniProt: 33-95 [INCOMPLETE]   -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.10  PDB: A:221-262 UniProt: 221-262-------------------------------------Exon 1.12  PDB: A:300-354 UniProt: 300-354             ------------------------------Exon 1.14  PDB: A:385-415      Exon 1.15  PDB: A:416-442  Exon 1.16  PDB: A:443-477          ----------------------------------Exon 1.19  PDB: A:512-552                Exon 1.20  PDB: A:553-580   ------------------------------------------------Exon 1.24c  PDB: A:629-665           Exon 1.25a  PDB: A:666-706               ------------------------------Exon 1.27  PDB: A:737-774             -------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.29  PDB: A:830-921 UniProt: 830-921                                                  --------------------Exon 1.31  PDB: A:942-966----------------------Exon 1.33b  PDB: A:989-1016  Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ----------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: A:95-164 UniProt: 95-164                               -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.11b  PDB: A:262-299            ------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.13  PDB: A:354-385       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.18  PDB: A:477-511          --------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.22c  PDB: A:580-628 UniProt: 580-628      -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.26  PDB: A:706-736      -------------------------------------Exon 1.28  PDB: A:774-830 UniProt: 774-830               ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.30            ------------------------Exon 1.32              ---------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
           Transcript 1 (3) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: A:164-221 UniProt: 164-221                 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (3)
                2g49 A   43 NNPAIKRIGNHITKSPEDKREYRGLELANGIKVLLISDPTTDKSSAALDVHIGSLSDPPNIAGLSHFCQHMLFLGTKKYPKENEYSQFLSEHAGSSNAFTSGEHTNYYFDVSHEHLEGALDRFAQFFLCPLFDESCKDREVNAVDSEHEKNVMNDAWRLFQLEKATGNPKHPFSKFGTGNKYTLETRPNQEGIDVRQELLKFHSAYYSSNLMAVCVLGRESLDDLTNLVVKLFSEVENKNVPLPEFPEHPFQEEHLKQLYKIVPIKDIRNLYVTFPIPDLQKYYKSNPGHYLGHLIGHEGPGSLLSELKSKGWVNTLVGGQKEGARGFMFFIINVDLTEEGLLHVEDIILHMFQYIQKLRAEGPQEWVFQECKDLNAVAFRFKDKERPRGYTSKIAGILHYYPLEEVLTAEYLLEEFRPDLIEMVLDKLRPENVRVAIVSKSFEGKTDRTEEWYGTQYKQEAIPDEVIKKWQNADLNGKFKLPTKNEFIPTNFEILPLEKEATPYPALIKDTAMSKLWFKQDDKFFLPKACLNFEFFSPFAYVDPLHCNMAYLYLELLKDSLNEYAYAAELAGLSYDLQNTIYGMYLSVKGYNDKQPILLKKIIEKMATFEIDEKRFEIIKEAYMRSLNNFRAEQPHQHAMYYLRLLMTEVAWTKDELKEALDDVTLPRLKAFIPQLLSRLHIEALLHGNITKQAALGIMQMVEDTLIEHAHTKPLLPSQLVRYREVQLPDRGWFVYQQRNEVHNNCGIEIYYQTDMQSTSENMFLELFCQIISEPCFNTLRTKEQLGYIVFSGPRRANGIQGLRFIIQSEKPPHYLESRVEAFLITMEKSIEDMTEEAFQKHIQALAIRRLDKPKKLSAECAKYWGEIISQQYNFDRDNTEVAYLKTLTKEDIIKFYKEMLAVDAPRRHKVSVHVLAREMDSCPVVGE----NDINLSQAPALPQPEVIQNMTEFKRGLPLFPLVKPHINFMA 1016
                                    52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392       402       412       422       432       442       452       462       472       482       492       502       512       522       532       542       552       562       572       582       592       602       612       622       632       642       652       662       672       682       692       702       712       722       732       742       752       762       772       782       792       802       812       822       832       842       852       862       872       882       892       902       912       922       932       942       952       962        |-   |   982       992      1002      1012    
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          971  976                                        

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:966
 aligned with IDE_HUMAN | P14735 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1019

    Alignment length:971
                                    53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333       343       353       363       373       383       393       403       413       423       433       443       453       463       473       483       493       503       513       523       533       543       553       563       573       583       593       603       613       623       633       643       653       663       673       683       693       703       713       723       733       743       753       763       773       783       793       803       813       823       833       843       853       863       873       883       893       903       913       923       933       943       953       963       973       983       993      1003      1013 
           IDE_HUMAN     44 NPAIKRIGNHITKSPEDKREYRGLELANGIKVLLISDPTTDKSSAALDVHIGSLSDPPNIAGLSHFCEHMLFLGTKKYPKENEYSQFLSEHAGSSNAFTSGEHTNYYFDVSHEHLEGALDRFAQFFLCPLFDESCKDREVNAVDSEHEKNVMNDAWRLFQLEKATGNPKHPFSKFGTGNKYTLETRPNQEGIDVRQELLKFHSAYYSSNLMAVCVLGRESLDDLTNLVVKLFSEVENKNVPLPEFPEHPFQEEHLKQLYKIVPIKDIRNLYVTFPIPDLQKYYKSNPGHYLGHLIGHEGPGSLLSELKSKGWVNTLVGGQKEGARGFMFFIINVDLTEEGLLHVEDIILHMFQYIQKLRAEGPQEWVFQECKDLNAVAFRFKDKERPRGYTSKIAGILHYYPLEEVLTAEYLLEEFRPDLIEMVLDKLRPENVRVAIVSKSFEGKTDRTEEWYGTQYKQEAIPDEVIKKWQNADLNGKFKLPTKNEFIPTNFEILPLEKEATPYPALIKDTAMSKLWFKQDDKFFLPKACLNFEFFSPFAYVDPLHCNMAYLYLELLKDSLNEYAYAAELAGLSYDLQNTIYGMYLSVKGYNDKQPILLKKIIEKMATFEIDEKRFEIIKEAYMRSLNNFRAEQPHQHAMYYLRLLMTEVAWTKDELKEALDDVTLPRLKAFIPQLLSRLHIEALLHGNITKQAALGIMQMVEDTLIEHAHTKPLLPSQLVRYREVQLPDRGWFVYQQRNEVHNNCGIEIYYQTDMQSTSENMFLELFCQIISEPCFNTLRTKEQLGYIVFSGPRRANGIQGLRFIIQSEKPPHYLESRVEAFLITMEKSIEDMTEEAFQKHIQALAIRRLDKPKKLSAECAKYWGEIISQQYNFDRDNTEVAYLKTLTKEDIIKFYKEMLAVDAPRRHKVSVHVLAREMDSCPVVGEFPCQNDINLSQAPALPQPEVIQNMTEFKRGLPLFPLVKPHINF 1014
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...eeeee...........eeeeeee....eeeeee.....eeeeeeee..hhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhh..eeeeee....eeeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.................hhhhh.eeeee.......eeeeeeeee.hhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeee.hhhh....ee......eeeeee.hhhhhhhhhh.................................eeeee...eeeeeee.......eeeeeeeee.hhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeeeee...eeeeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.ee.hhhhh...........eeeeeeee......eeeeeeeeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......eeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeee..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhh........eeeeeeee.............-----............ee..hhhhhhhh............. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------K------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------------------------------INSULINASE  PDB: B:95-11-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.7  PDB: B:44-95 UniProt: 33-95 [INCOMPLETE]  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.10  PDB: B:221-262 UniProt: 221-262-------------------------------------Exon 1.12  PDB: B:300-354 UniProt: 300-354             ------------------------------Exon 1.14  PDB: B:385-415      Exon 1.15  PDB: B:416-442  Exon 1.16  PDB: B:443-477          ----------------------------------Exon 1.19  PDB: B:512-552                Exon 1.20  PDB: B:553-580   ------------------------------------------------Exon 1.24c  PDB: B:629-665           Exon 1.25a  PDB: B:666-706               ------------------------------Exon 1.27  PDB: B:737-774             -------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.29  PDB: B:830-921 UniProt: 830-921                                                  --------------------Exon 1.31  PDB: B:942-966----------------------Exon 1.33b  PDB: B:989-101 Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: B:95-164 UniProt: 95-164                               -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.11b  PDB: B:262-299            ------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.13  PDB: B:354-385       -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.18  PDB: B:477-511          --------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.22c  PDB: B:580-628 UniProt: 580-628      -----------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.26  PDB: B:706-736      -------------------------------------Exon 1.28  PDB: B:774-830 UniProt: 774-830               ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.30            ------------------------Exon 1.32              -------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
           Transcript 1 (3) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: B:164-221 UniProt: 164-221                 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (3)
                2g49 B   44 NPAIKRIGNHITKSPEDKREYRGLELANGIKVLLISDPTTDKSSAALDVHIGSLSDPPNIAGLSHFCQHMLFLGTKKYPKENEYSQFLSEHAGSSNAFTSGEHTNYYFDVSHEHLEGALDRFAQFFLCPLFDESCKDREVNAVDSEHEKNVMNDAWRLFQLEKATGNPKHPFSKFGTGNKYTLETRPNQEGIDVRQELLKFHSAYYSSNLMAVCVLGRESLDDLTNLVVKLFSEVENKNVPLPEFPEHPFQEEHLKQLYKIVPIKDIRNLYVTFPIPDLQKYYKSNPGHYLGHLIGHEGPGSLLSELKSKGWVNTLVGGQKEGARGFMFFIINVDLTEEGLLHVEDIILHMFQYIQKLRAEGPQEWVFQECKDLNAVAFRFKDKERPRGYTSKIAGILHYYPLEEVLTAEYLLEEFRPDLIEMVLDKLRPENVRVAIVSKSFEGKTDRTEEWYGTQYKQEAIPDEVIKKWQNADLNGKFKLPTKNEFIPTNFEILPLEKEATPYPALIKDTAMSKLWFKQDDKFFLPKACLNFEFFSPFAYVDPLHCNMAYLYLELLKDSLNEYAYAAELAGLSYDLQNTIYGMYLSVKGYNDKQPILLKKIIEKMATFEIDEKRFEIIKEAYMRSLNNFRAEQPHQHAMYYLRLLMTEVAWTKDELKEALDDVTLPRLKAFIPQLLSRLHIEALLHGNITKQAALGIMQMVEDTLIEHAHTKPLLPSQLVRYREVQLPDRGWFVYQQRNEVHNNCGIEIYYQTDMQSTSENMFLELFCQIISEPCFNTLRTKEQLGYIVFSGPRRANGIQGLRFIIQSEKPPHYLESRVEAFLITMEKSIEDMTEEAFQKHIQALAIRRLDKPKKLSAECAKYWGEIISQQYNFDRDNTEVAYLKTLTKEDIIKFYKEMLAVDAPRRHKVSVHVLAREMDSCPVVGEF-----INLSQAPALPQPEVIQNMTEFKRGLPLFPLVKPHINF 1014
                                    53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333       343       353       363       373       383       393       403       413       423       433       443       453       463       473       483       493       503       513       523       533       543       553       563       573       583       593       603       613       623       633       643       653       663       673       683       693       703       713       723       733       743       753       763       773       783       793       803       813       823       833       843       853       863       873       883       893       903       913       923       933       943       953       963        |-    |  983       993      1003      1013 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          972   978                                    

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:11
 aligned with GLUC_HUMAN | P01275 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:28
                                    62        72        
          GLUC_HUMAN     53 HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMN   80
               SCOP domains ---------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....-----------------..ee... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE GLUCAGON  PDB: C:1-23  ----- PROSITE
               Transcript 2 Exon 2.4b  PDB: C:1-28 (gaps Transcript 2
                2g49 C    1 HSQG-----------------FVQWLMN   28
                               |     -         - |      
                               4                22      

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:9
 aligned with GLUC_HUMAN | P01275 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:180

    Alignment length:27
                                    62        72       
          GLUC_HUMAN     53 HSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLM   79
               SCOP domains --------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...------------------..ee.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE GLUCAGON  PDB: D:1-23  ---- PROSITE
               Transcript 2 Exon 2.4b UniProt: 31-85    Transcript 2
                2g49 D    1 HSQ------------------FVQWLM   27
                              |      -         - |     
                              3                 22     

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2G49)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2G49)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2G49)

(-) Gene Ontology  (81, 87)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (IDE_HUMAN | P14735)
molecular function
    GO:0005524    ATP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
    GO:0016887    ATPase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + 2 H+. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.
    GO:0001540    amyloid-beta binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with amyloid-beta peptide/protein and/or its precursor.
    GO:0031626    beta-endorphin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with beta-endorphin, a peptide generated by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin.
    GO:0003824    catalytic activity    Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
    GO:0016787    hydrolase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
    GO:0043559    insulin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with insulin, a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0004222    metalloendopeptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of internal, alpha-peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
    GO:0008237    metallopeptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0008233    peptidase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. A peptide bond is a covalent bond formed when the carbon atom from the carboxyl group of one amino acid shares electrons with the nitrogen atom from the amino group of a second amino acid.
    GO:0042277    peptide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with peptides, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
    GO:0017046    peptide hormone binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any peptide with hormonal activity in animals.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0005102    receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0043130    ubiquitin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ubiquitin, a protein that when covalently bound to other cellular proteins marks them for proteolytic degradation.
    GO:0001618    virus receptor activity    Combining with a virus component and mediating entry of the virus into the cell.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0050435    amyloid-beta metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving amyloid-beta, a glycoprotein associated with Alzheimer's disease, and its precursor, amyloid precursor protein (APP).
    GO:0010815    bradykinin catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of the peptide bradykinin.
    GO:0044257    cellular protein catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
    GO:0008340    determination of adult lifespan    The control of viability and duration in the adult phase of the life-cycle.
    GO:0042447    hormone catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of any hormone, naturally occurring substances secreted by specialized cells that affects the metabolism or behavior of other cells possessing functional receptors for the hormone.
    GO:1901143    insulin catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of insulin.
    GO:1901142    insulin metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving insulin.
    GO:0008286    insulin receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the insulin receptor binding to insulin.
    GO:0008152    metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation.
    GO:0045861    negative regulation of proteolysis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
    GO:0032461    positive regulation of protein oligomerization    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
    GO:0051291    protein heterooligomerization    The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers that are not all identical. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
    GO:0051260    protein homooligomerization    The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
    GO:0051289    protein homotetramerization    The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.
    GO:0016485    protein processing    Any protein maturation process achieved by the cleavage of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein. Protein maturation is the process leading to the attainment of the full functional capacity of a protein.
    GO:0006508    proteolysis    The hydrolysis of proteins into smaller polypeptides and/or amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds.
    GO:0051603    proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process    The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
    GO:0010992    ubiquitin recycling    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of ubiquitin monomers and free ubiquitin chains at the level of the cell by recycling ubiquitin from proteasome-bound ubiquitinated intermediates.
    GO:0046718    viral entry into host cell    The process that occurs after viral attachment by which a virus, or viral nucleic acid, breaches the plasma membrane or cell envelope and enters the host cell. The process ends when the viral nucleic acid is released into the host cell cytoplasm.
    GO:0016032    viral process    A multi-organism process in which a virus is a participant. The other participant is the host. Includes infection of a host cell, replication of the viral genome, and assembly of progeny virus particles. In some cases the viral genetic material may integrate into the host genome and only subsequently, under particular circumstances, 'complete' its life cycle.
cellular component
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0031597    cytosolic proteasome complex    A proteasome complex found in the cytosol of a cell.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005782    peroxisomal matrix    The volume contained within the membranes of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.
    GO:0005777    peroxisome    A small organelle enclosed by a single membrane, and found in most eukaryotic cells. Contains peroxidases and other enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including free radical detoxification, lipid catabolism and biosynthesis, and hydrogen peroxide metabolism.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.

Chain C,D   (GLUC_HUMAN | P01275)
molecular function
    GO:0031769    glucagon receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glucagon receptor.
    GO:0005179    hormone activity    The action characteristic of a hormone, any substance formed in very small amounts in one specialized organ or group of cells and carried (sometimes in the bloodstream) to another organ or group of cells in the same organism, upon which it has a specific regulatory action. The term was originally applied to agents with a stimulatory physiological action in vertebrate animals (as opposed to a chalone, which has a depressant action). Usage is now extended to regulatory compounds in lower animals and plants, and to synthetic substances having comparable effects; all bind receptors and trigger some biological process.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0005102    receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
biological process
    GO:0007186    G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals that proceeds with an activated receptor promoting the exchange of GDP for GTP on the alpha-subunit of an associated heterotrimeric G-protein complex. The GTP-bound activated alpha-G-protein then dissociates from the beta- and gamma-subunits to further transmit the signal within the cell. The pathway begins with receptor-ligand interaction, or for basal GPCR signaling the pathway begins with the receptor activating its G protein in the absence of an agonist, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The pathway can start from the plasma membrane, Golgi or nuclear membrane (PMID:24568158 and PMID:16902576).
    GO:0007188    adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a G-protein coupled receptor binding to its physiological ligand, where the pathway proceeds through activation or inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity and a subsequent change in the concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP).
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0071377    cellular response to glucagon stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucagon stimulus.
    GO:0007631    feeding behavior    Behavior associated with the intake of food.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0032099    negative regulation of appetite    Any process that reduces appetite.
    GO:1900118    negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of execution phase of apoptosis.
    GO:2001243    negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0070374    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:0030819    positive regulation of cAMP biosynthetic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of the nucleotide cAMP (cyclic AMP, adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate).
    GO:0090280    positive regulation of calcium ion import    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into a cell or organelle.
    GO:0035948    positive regulation of gluconeogenesis by positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of gluconeogenesis by activating or increasing the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0051571    positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of a methyl group to the lysine at position 4 of histone H3.
    GO:0035774    positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin that contributes to the response of a cell to glucose.
    GO:0033138    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
    GO:0010800    positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
    GO:0032092    positive regulation of protein binding    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
    GO:0045860    positive regulation of protein kinase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase activity.
    GO:0010737    protein kinase A signaling    A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase A, which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
    GO:0050796    regulation of insulin secretion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of insulin.
    GO:0042594    response to starvation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.
    GO:0007165    signal transduction    The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005788    endoplasmic reticulum lumen    The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0034774    secretory granule lumen    The volume enclosed by the membrane of a secretory granule.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        GLUC_HUMAN | P012751bh0 1d0r 1nau 2l63 2l64 2m5p 2m5q 3iol 4apd 4zgm 5vai
        IDE_HUMAN | P147352g47 2g48 2g54 2g56 2jbu 2jg4 2wby 2wc0 2wk3 2ypu 3cww 3e4a 3e4z 3e50 3h44 3hgz 3n56 3n57 3ofi 3qz2 4dtt 4dwk 4gs8 4gsc 4gsf 4ifh 4iof 4lte 4m1c 4nxo 4pes 4pf7 4pf9 4pfc 4q5z 4qia 4ral 4re9 5cjo

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

2g47 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN INSULIN-DEGRADING ENZYME IN COMPLEX WITH AMYLOID-BETA (1-40)
2g48 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SAME ENZYME IN COMPLEX WITH AMYLIN
2g54 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ZN-BOUND HUMAN INSULIN-DEGRADING ENZYME IN COMPLEX WITH INSULIN B CHAIN
2g56 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SAME ENZYME IN COMPLEX WITH INSULIN B CHAIN