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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BCL-2 IN COMPLEX WITH A BAX BH3 PEPTIDE
 
Authors :  B. Ku, B. H. Oh
Date :  25 Mar 10  (Deposition) - 24 Nov 10  (Release) - 01 Jun 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.70
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Biol. Unit 1:  A,C  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B,D  (1x)
Keywords :  Apoptosis, Cell Death (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  B. Ku, C. Liang, J. U. Jung, B. H. Oh
Evidence That Inhibition Of Bax Activation By Bcl- 2 Involves Its Tight And Preferential Interaction With The Bh3 Domain Of Bax.
Cell Res. V. 21 627 2011
PubMed-ID: 21060336  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1038/CR.2010.149

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - APOPTOSIS REGULATOR BCL-2
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPPROEX HTA
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)RIG
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentRESIDUES 1-207
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymBCL-2
 
Molecule 2 - APOPTOSIS REGULATOR BAX
    ChainsC, D
    FragmentBH3 DOMAIN, RESIDUES 52-82
    Organism CommonMOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090
    SynonymBAX
    SyntheticYES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric Unit ABCD
Biological Unit 1 (1x)A C 
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B D

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 2XA0)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 2XA0)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2XA0)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 2XA0)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_000829V93IBCL2_HUMANUnclassified  ---A/BV93I

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_000829V93IBCL2_HUMANUnclassified  ---AV93I

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_000829V93IBCL2_HUMANUnclassified  ---BV93I

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (6, 16)

Asymmetric Unit (6, 16)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1BH4_1PS01260 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH4 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN10-30
 
  2A:10-30
B:10-30
2BH4_2PS50063 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH4 motif profile.BCL2_HUMAN11-30
 
  2A:11-30
B:11-30
3BH3PS01259 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH3 motif signature.BAX_MOUSE59-73
 
  2C:59-73
D:59-73
BCL2_HUMAN93-107
 
  2A:93-107
B:93-107
4BCL2_FAMILYPS50062 BCL2-like apoptosis inhibitors family profile.BAX_MOUSE63-160
 
  2C:63-82
D:63-82
BCL2_HUMAN97-197
 
  2A:97-197
B:97-197
5BH1PS01080 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH1 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN137-155
 
  2A:137-155
B:137-155
6BH2PS01258 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH2 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN188-199
 
  2A:188-199
B:188-199
Biological Unit 1 (6, 8)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1BH4_1PS01260 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH4 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN10-30
 
  1A:10-30
-
2BH4_2PS50063 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH4 motif profile.BCL2_HUMAN11-30
 
  1A:11-30
-
3BH3PS01259 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH3 motif signature.BAX_MOUSE59-73
 
  1C:59-73
-
BCL2_HUMAN93-107
 
  1A:93-107
-
4BCL2_FAMILYPS50062 BCL2-like apoptosis inhibitors family profile.BAX_MOUSE63-160
 
  1C:63-82
-
BCL2_HUMAN97-197
 
  1A:97-197
-
5BH1PS01080 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH1 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN137-155
 
  1A:137-155
-
6BH2PS01258 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH2 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN188-199
 
  1A:188-199
-
Biological Unit 2 (6, 8)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1BH4_1PS01260 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH4 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN10-30
 
  1-
B:10-30
2BH4_2PS50063 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH4 motif profile.BCL2_HUMAN11-30
 
  1-
B:11-30
3BH3PS01259 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH3 motif signature.BAX_MOUSE59-73
 
  1-
D:59-73
BCL2_HUMAN93-107
 
  1-
B:93-107
4BCL2_FAMILYPS50062 BCL2-like apoptosis inhibitors family profile.BAX_MOUSE63-160
 
  1-
D:63-82
BCL2_HUMAN97-197
 
  1-
B:97-197
5BH1PS01080 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH1 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN137-155
 
  1-
B:137-155
6BH2PS01258 Apoptosis regulator, Bcl-2 family BH2 motif signature.BCL2_HUMAN188-199
 
  1-
B:188-199

(-) Exons   (2, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 4)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000003981171aENSE00001531678chr18:60987361-609853152047BCL2_HUMAN1-1951952A:10-195 (gaps)
B:10-195 (gaps)
186
186
1.2ENST000003981172ENSE00001316245chr18:60795992-607905795414BCL2_HUMAN196-239442A:196-206
B:196-206
11
11

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:137
 aligned with BCL2_HUMAN | P10415 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:239

    Alignment length:197
                                    19        29        39        49        59        69        79        89        99       109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       
           BCL2_HUMAN    10 DNREIVMKYIHYKLSQRGYEWDAGDVGAAPPGAAPAPGIFSSQPGHTPHPAASRDPVARTSPLQTPAAPGAAAGPALSPVPPVVHLTLRQAGDDFSRRYRRDFAEMSSQLHLTPFTARGRFATVVEELFRDGVNWGRIVAFFEFGGVMCVESVNREMSPLVDNIALWMTEYLNRHLHTWIQDNGGWDAFVELYGPSM 206
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....------------------------------------------------------------.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) BH4_1  PDB: A:10-30  --------------------------------------------------------------BH3            -----------------------------BH1  PDB: A:137-155--------------------------------BH2         ------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) -BH4_2  PDB: A:11-30 ------------------------------------------------------------------BCL2_FAMILY  PDB: A:97-197 UniProt: 97-197                                                           --------- PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.1a  PDB: A:10-195 (gaps) UniProt: 1-195 [INCOMPLETE]                                                                                                                               Exon 1.2    Transcript 1
                 2xa0 A  10 DNREIVMKYIHYKLSQRGYEWD------------------------------------------------------------VVHLTLRQAGDDFSRRYRRDFAEMSSQLHLTPFTARGRFATVVEELFRDGVNWGRIVAFFEFGGVMCVESVNREMSPLVDNIALWMTEYLNRHLHTWIQDNGGWDAFVELYGPSM 206
                                    19        29 |       -         -         -         -         -         -  |     99       109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       
                                                31                                                           92                                                                                                                  

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:137
 aligned with BCL2_HUMAN | P10415 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:239

    Alignment length:197
                                    19        29        39        49        59        69        79        89        99       109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       
           BCL2_HUMAN    10 DNREIVMKYIHYKLSQRGYEWDAGDVGAAPPGAAPAPGIFSSQPGHTPHPAASRDPVARTSPLQTPAAPGAAAGPALSPVPPVVHLTLRQAGDDFSRRYRRDFAEMSSQLHLTPFTARGRFATVVEELFRDGVNWGRIVAFFEFGGVMCVESVNREMSPLVDNIALWMTEYLNRHLHTWIQDNGGWDAFVELYGPSM 206
               SCOP domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) BH4-2xa0B01 B:10-31   -----------------------------------------------------------------Bcl-2-2xa0B03 B:97-195                                                                             ----------- Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) BH4-2xa0B02 B:10-31   -----------------------------------------------------------------Bcl-2-2xa0B04 B:97-195                                                                             ----------- Pfam domains (2)
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....------------------------------------------------------------.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------I----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) BH4_1  PDB: B:10-30  --------------------------------------------------------------BH3            -----------------------------BH1  PDB: B:137-155--------------------------------BH2         ------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) -BH4_2  PDB: B:11-30 ------------------------------------------------------------------BCL2_FAMILY  PDB: B:97-197 UniProt: 97-197                                                           --------- PROSITE (2)
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.1a  PDB: B:10-195 (gaps) UniProt: 1-195 [INCOMPLETE]                                                                                                                               Exon 1.2    Transcript 1
                 2xa0 B  10 DNREIVMKYIHYKLSQRGYEWD------------------------------------------------------------VVHLTLRQAGDDFSRRYRRDFAEMSSQLHLTPFTARGRFATVVEELFRDGVNWGRIVAFFEFGGVMCVESVNREMSPLVDNIALWMTEYLNRHLHTWIQDNGGWDAFVELYGPSM 206
                                    19        29 |       -         -         -         -         -         -  |     99       109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       
                                                31                                                           92                                                                                                                  

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:26
 aligned with BAX_MOUSE | Q07813 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:192

    Alignment length:26
                                    66        76      
            BAX_MOUSE    57 KKLSECLRRIGDELDSNMELQRMIAD  82
               SCOP domains -------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) --BH3            --------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ------BCL2_FAMILY          PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript -------------------------- Transcript
                 2xa0 C  57 KKLSECLRRIGDELDSNMELQRMIAD  82
                                    66        76      

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:26
 aligned with BAX_MOUSE | Q07813 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:192

    Alignment length:26
                                    66        76      
            BAX_MOUSE    57 KKLSECLRRIGDELDSNMELQRMIAD  82
               SCOP domains -------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------- CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) ------Bcl-2-2xa0D01        Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) ------Bcl-2-2xa0D02        Pfam domains (2)
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) --BH3            --------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ------BCL2_FAMILY          PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript -------------------------- Transcript
                 2xa0 D  57 KKLSECLRRIGDELDSNMELQRMIAD  82
                                    66        76      

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 2XA0)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2XA0)

(-) Pfam Domains  (3, 6)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Family: BH4 (30)

(-) Gene Ontology  (263, 313)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (BCL2_HUMAN | P10415)
molecular function
    GO:0051434    BH3 domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the BH3 domain of a protein of the Bcl-2 family. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death.
    GO:0015267    channel activity    Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.
    GO:0016248    channel inhibitor activity    Stops, prevents, or reduces the activity of a channel via direct interaction with the channel. A channel catalyzes energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0002020    protease binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protease or peptidase.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0051721    protein phosphatase 2A binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme protein phosphatase 2A.
    GO:0019903    protein phosphatase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein phosphatase.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0008134    transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
    GO:0031625    ubiquitin protein ligase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
biological process
    GO:0030183    B cell differentiation    The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a B cell. A B cell is a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.
    GO:0001782    B cell homeostasis    The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
    GO:0002326    B cell lineage commitment    The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to become any type of B cell.
    GO:0042100    B cell proliferation    The expansion of a B cell population by cell division. Follows B cell activation.
    GO:0050853    B cell receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
    GO:0043375    CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment    The process in which an immature T cell becomes committed to becoming a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell.
    GO:0030217    T cell differentiation    The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex.
    GO:0033077    T cell differentiation in thymus    The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a T cell via a differentiation pathway dependent upon transit through the thymus.
    GO:0043029    T cell homeostasis    The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
    GO:0002360    T cell lineage commitment    The process in which a lymphoid progenitor cell becomes committed to becoming any type of T cell.
    GO:0007015    actin filament organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments. Includes processes that control the spatial distribution of actin filaments, such as organizing filaments into meshworks, bundles, or other structures, as by cross-linking.
    GO:0009887    animal organ morphogenesis    Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
    GO:0008637    apoptotic mitochondrial changes    The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.
    GO:0006915    apoptotic process    A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
    GO:0031103    axon regeneration    The regrowth of axons following their loss or damage.
    GO:0007409    axonogenesis    De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.
    GO:0001662    behavioral fear response    An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat.
    GO:0001658    branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis    The process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules.
    GO:0007569    cell aging    An aging process that has as participant a cell after a cell has stopped dividing. Cell aging may occur when a cell has temporarily stopped dividing through cell cycle arrest (GO:0007050) or when a cell has permanently stopped dividing, in which case it is undergoing cellular senescence (GO:0090398). May precede cell death (GO:0008219) and succeed cell maturation (GO:0048469).
    GO:0016049    cell growth    The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.
    GO:0000902    cell morphogenesis    The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0006874    cellular calcium ion homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell.
    GO:0006974    cellular response to DNA damage stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
    GO:0042149    cellular response to glucose starvation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.
    GO:0071456    cellular response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0071310    cellular response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0021747    cochlear nucleus development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cochlear nucleus over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0051607    defense response to virus    Reactions triggered in response to the presence of a virus that act to protect the cell or organism.
    GO:0048589    developmental growth    The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another.
    GO:0048066    developmental pigmentation    The developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism, tissue or cell.
    GO:0048546    digestive tract morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the digestive tract are generated and organized. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed.
    GO:0043583    ear development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The ear is the sense organ in vertebrates that is specialized for the detection of sound, and the maintenance of balance. Includes the outer ear and middle ear, which collect and transmit sound waves; and the inner ear, which contains the organs of balance and (except in fish) hearing. Also includes the pinna, the visible part of the outer ear, present in some mammals.
    GO:0032469    endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis    Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions within the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell or between the endoplasmic reticulum and its surroundings.
    GO:0097192    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand    A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0008625    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors    A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0007565    female pregnancy    The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth.
    GO:0048041    focal adhesion assembly    The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.
    GO:0022612    gland morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a gland are generated and organized.
    GO:0032835    glomerulus development    The progression of the glomerulus over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The glomerulus is a capillary tuft which forms a close network with the visceral epithelium (podocytes) and the mesangium to form the filtration barrier and is surrounded by Bowman's capsule in nephrons of the vertebrate kidney. The glomerulus is part of the nephron and is restricted to one body segment.
    GO:0040007    growth    The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell.
    GO:0031069    hair follicle morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.
    GO:0030097    hemopoiesis    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates.
    GO:0048873    homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue    Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.
    GO:0006959    humoral immune response    An immune response mediated through a body fluid.
    GO:0002520    immune system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an organismal system whose objective is to provide calibrated responses by an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat, over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a given biological process.
    GO:0008630    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage    A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0070059    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress    A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
    GO:0008631    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress    A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0001822    kidney development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
    GO:0001776    leukocyte homeostasis    The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
    GO:0002260    lymphocyte homeostasis    The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of lymphocytes such that the total number of lymphocytes within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
    GO:0002320    lymphoid progenitor cell differentiation    The process in which a precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a lymphoid progenitor cell. Lymphoid progenitor cells include progenitor cells for any of the lymphoid lineages.
    GO:0008584    male gonad development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0006582    melanin metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving melanins, pigments largely of animal origin. High molecular weight polymers of indole quinone, they are irregular polymeric structures and are divided into three groups: allomelanins in the plant kingdom and eumelanins and phaeomelanins in the animal kingdom.
    GO:0030318    melanocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a melanocyte.
    GO:0014031    mesenchymal cell development    The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0001656    metanephros development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the metanephros over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the metanephros is the excretory organ of the fetus, which develops into the mature kidney and is formed from the rear portion of the nephrogenic cord. The metanephros is an endocrine and metabolic organ that filters the blood and excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
    GO:2000134    negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle    Any cell cycle regulatory process that prevents the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
    GO:2000811    negative regulation of anoikis    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:2001234    negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0010507    negative regulation of autophagy    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
    GO:0010523    negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol    Any process that decreases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
    GO:0030308    negative regulation of cell growth    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:0030336    negative regulation of cell migration    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0032848    negative regulation of cellular pH reduction    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a process that reduces the internal pH of a cell.
    GO:2001240    negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
    GO:2001243    negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0051902    negative regulation of mitochondrial depolarization    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the change in the membrane potential of the mitochondria from negative to positive.
    GO:0045930    negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
    GO:0033033    negative regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of a myeloid cell apoptotic process.
    GO:0043524    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
    GO:0030279    negative regulation of ossification    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
    GO:0033689    negative regulation of osteoblast proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of osteoblast proliferation.
    GO:2000378    negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reactive oxygen species metabolic process.
    GO:0046671    negative regulation of retinal cell programmed cell death    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death that occurs in the retina.
    GO:0051402    neuron apoptotic process    Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
    GO:0048599    oocyte development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an oocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0035265    organ growth    The increase in size or mass of an organ. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that function together as to perform a specific function.
    GO:0001503    ossification    The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance.
    GO:0001541    ovarian follicle development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0018105    peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-serine.
    GO:0018107    peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation    The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine.
    GO:0048753    pigment granule organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a pigment granule.
    GO:0043473    pigmentation    The accumulation of pigment in an organism, tissue or cell, either by increased deposition or by increased number of cells.
    GO:0030890    positive regulation of B cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of B cell proliferation.
    GO:0043085    positive regulation of catalytic activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of an enzyme.
    GO:0030307    positive regulation of cell growth    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0048087    positive regulation of developmental pigmentation    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
    GO:2001244    positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0045636    positive regulation of melanocyte differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of melanocyte differentiation.
    GO:0040018    positive regulation of multicellular organism growth    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organism to reach its usual body size.
    GO:0014042    positive regulation of neuron maturation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of neuron maturation.
    GO:0033138    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
    GO:1900740    positive regulation of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0048743    positive regulation of skeletal muscle fiber development    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of skeletal muscle fiber development. Muscle fibers are formed by the maturation of myotubes. They can be classed as slow, intermediate/fast or fast.
    GO:0014911    positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration    Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration.
    GO:0009791    post-embryonic development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
    GO:0006470    protein dephosphorylation    The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
    GO:0000209    protein polyubiquitination    Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain.
    GO:0072593    reactive oxygen species metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving a reactive oxygen species, any molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of phagocytes, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to biopolymers.
    GO:0042981    regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0010506    regulation of autophagy    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm.
    GO:0051924    regulation of calcium ion transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0050790    regulation of catalytic activity    Any process that modulates the activity of an enzyme.
    GO:0051726    regulation of cell cycle    Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0001952    regulation of cell-matrix adhesion    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to the extracellular matrix.
    GO:0048070    regulation of developmental pigmentation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
    GO:0010468    regulation of gene expression    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0010559    regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of glycoproteins, any protein that contains covalently bound glycose (i.e. monosaccharide) residues; the glycose occurs most commonly as oligosaccharide or fairly small polysaccharide but occasionally as monosaccharide.
    GO:0046902    regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the passage or uptake of molecules by the mitochondrial membrane.
    GO:0051881    regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential    Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
    GO:0006808    regulation of nitrogen utilization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
    GO:0043067    regulation of programmed cell death    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of programmed cell death, cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes.
    GO:0043497    regulation of protein heterodimerization activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0043496    regulation of protein homodimerization activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0032880    regulation of protein localization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location.
    GO:0031647    regulation of protein stability    Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
    GO:0022898    regulation of transmembrane transporter activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transmembrane transporter activity.
    GO:0045069    regulation of viral genome replication    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
    GO:0001836    release of cytochrome c from mitochondria    The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation.
    GO:0003014    renal system process    A organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the renal system. The renal system maintains fluid balance, and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. In humans, the renal system comprises a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, sphincter muscle and associated blood vessels; in other species, the renal system may comprise related structures (e.g., nephrocytes and malpighian tubules in Drosophila).
    GO:0010224    response to UV-B    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a UV-B radiation stimulus. UV-B radiation (UV-B light) spans the wavelengths 280 to 315 nm.
    GO:0034097    response to cytokine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cytokine stimulus.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0010332    response to gamma radiation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
    GO:0051384    response to glucocorticoid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
    GO:0042542    response to hydrogen peroxide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulus.
    GO:0010039    response to iron ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an iron ion stimulus.
    GO:0002931    response to ischemia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a inadequate blood supply.
    GO:0035094    response to nicotine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nicotine stimulus.
    GO:0006979    response to oxidative stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.
    GO:0009314    response to radiation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
    GO:0048545    response to steroid hormone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
    GO:0009636    response to toxic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
    GO:0016337    single organismal cell-cell adhesion    The attachment of one cell to another cell via adhesion molecules, where both cells are part of the same organism.
    GO:0048536    spleen development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the spleen over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The spleen is a large vascular lymphatic organ composed of white and red pulp, involved both in hemopoietic and immune system functions.
    GO:0048538    thymus development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the thymus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The thymus is a symmetric bi-lobed organ involved primarily in the differentiation of immature to mature T cells, with unique vascular, nervous, epithelial, and lymphoid cell components.
    GO:0055085    transmembrane transport    The process in which a solute is transported across a lipid bilayer, from one side of a membrane to the other
    GO:0001657    ureteric bud development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005622    intracellular    The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0031966    mitochondrial membrane    Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
    GO:0005741    mitochondrial outer membrane    The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0043209    myelin sheath    An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
    GO:0031965    nuclear membrane    Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0046930    pore complex    Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.

Chain C,D   (BAX_MOUSE | Q07813)
molecular function
    GO:0051400    BH domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domain of a protein. Bcl-2-related proteins share homology in one to four conserved regions designated the Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4. These domains contribute at multiple levels to the function of these proteins in cell death and survival. Anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family have four BH domains (BH1-BH4). Pro-apoptotic members have fewer BH domains.
    GO:0051434    BH3 domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the BH3 domain of a protein of the Bcl-2 family. The BH3 domain is a potent death domain and has an important role in protein-protein interactions and in cell death.
    GO:0015267    channel activity    Enables the energy-independent facilitated diffusion, mediated by passage of a solute through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel. Stereospecificity is not exhibited but this transport may be specific for a particular molecular species or class of molecules.
    GO:0051087    chaperone binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.
    GO:0031072    heat shock protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a heat shock protein, any protein synthesized or activated in response to heat shock.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0008289    lipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0032403    protein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
biological process
    GO:0001783    B cell apoptotic process    Any apoptotic process in a B cell, a lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and capable of B cell mediated immunity.
    GO:0001782    B cell homeostasis    The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of B cells such that the total number of B cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
    GO:0002358    B cell homeostatic proliferation    The non-specific expansion of B cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of B cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.
    GO:0002352    B cell negative selection    Any process leading to negative selection in B cells. Mechanisms of negative selection include anergy and deletion.
    GO:1990117    B cell receptor apoptotic signaling pathway    An extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a B cell.
    GO:0060011    Sertoli cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of Sertoli cells, resulting in the expansion of the Sertoli cell population. A Sertoli cell is a supporting cell projecting inward from the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules.
    GO:0001777    T cell homeostatic proliferation    The non-specific expansion of T cell populations within a whole or part of an organism to reach to a total number of T cells which will then remain stable over time in the absence of an external stimulus.
    GO:0006919    activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process    Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process.
    GO:0008635    activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process by cytochrome c    Any process that initiates the activity of the inactive enzyme cysteine-type endopeptidase in the context of an apoptotic process and is mediated by cytochrome c.
    GO:0097296    activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0007568    aging    A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
    GO:0008637    apoptotic mitochondrial changes    The morphological and physiological alterations undergone by mitochondria during apoptosis.
    GO:0006915    apoptotic process    A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
    GO:1902262    apoptotic process involved in blood vessel morphogenesis    Any apoptotic process that is involved in blood vessel morphogenesis.
    GO:1902263    apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis    Any apoptotic process that is involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis.
    GO:0097190    apoptotic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0001974    blood vessel remodeling    The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels.
    GO:0007420    brain development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0045333    cellular respiration    The enzymatic release of energy from inorganic and organic compounds (especially carbohydrates and fats) which either requires oxygen (aerobic respiration) or does not (anaerobic respiration).
    GO:0006974    cellular response to DNA damage stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism.
    GO:0034644    cellular response to UV    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ultraviolet radiation (UV light) stimulus. Ultraviolet radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 10 to 380 nanometers.
    GO:0071310    cellular response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0021987    cerebral cortex development    The progression of the cerebral cortex over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The cerebral cortex is the outer layered region of the telencephalon.
    GO:0045136    development of secondary sexual characteristics    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the secondary sexual characteristics over time, from their formation to the mature structures. In humans, these include growth of axillary, chest, and pubic hair, voice changes, testicular/penile enlargement, breast development and menstrual periods. Development occurs in response to sex hormone secretion.
    GO:0035234    ectopic germ cell programmed cell death    Programmed cell death of an errant germ line cell that is outside the normal migratory path or ectopic to the gonad. This is an important mechanism of regulating germ cell survival within the embryo.
    GO:0010248    establishment or maintenance of transmembrane electrochemical gradient    The directed movement of ions to establish or maintain an electrochemical gradient across a membrane by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0097191    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0097192    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand    A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with withdrawal of a ligand from a cell surface receptor, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0008625    extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors    A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with a ligand binding to a death domain receptor on the cell surface, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0009566    fertilization    The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy).
    GO:0007281    germ cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism.
    GO:0034349    glial cell apoptotic process    Any apoptotic process in a glial cell, a non-neuronal cell of the nervous system.
    GO:0006687    glycosphingolipid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving glycosphingolipids, any compound with residues of sphingoid and at least one monosaccharide.
    GO:0048872    homeostasis of number of cells    Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells.
    GO:0048873    homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue    Any biological process involved in the maintenance of the steady-state number of cells within a population of cells in a tissue.
    GO:0021854    hypothalamus development    The progression of the hypothalamus region of the forebrain, from its initial formation to its mature state.
    GO:0007007    inner mitochondrial membrane organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial inner membrane.
    GO:0097193    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP).
    GO:0072332    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator    A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0008630    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage    A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced by the detection of DNA damage, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0070059    intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress    A series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to a stimulus indicating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
    GO:0001822    kidney development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The kidney is an organ that filters the blood and/or excretes the end products of body metabolism in the form of urine.
    GO:0001776    leukocyte homeostasis    The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of cells of the immune system such that the total number of cells of a particular cell type within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
    GO:0035108    limb morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a limb are generated and organized. A limb is a paired appendage of a tetrapod used for locomotion or grasping.
    GO:0008584    male gonad development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the male gonad over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0043653    mitochondrial fragmentation involved in apoptotic process    The change in the morphology of the mitochondria in an apoptotic cell from a highly branched network to a fragmented vesicular form.
    GO:0008053    mitochondrial fusion    Merging of two or more mitochondria within a cell to form a single compartment.
    GO:0070584    mitochondrion morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a mitochondrion are generated and organized.
    GO:0002262    myeloid cell homeostasis    The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of myeloid cells such that the total number of myeloid cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus.
    GO:2001234    negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0032471    negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration    Any process that decreases the concentration of calcium ions in the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0048147    negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells.
    GO:0043524    negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
    GO:0033137    negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
    GO:0032091    negative regulation of protein binding    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein binding.
    GO:0007399    nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0051402    neuron apoptotic process    Any apoptotic process in a neuron, the basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
    GO:0001764    neuron migration    The characteristic movement of an immature neuron from germinal zones to specific positions where they will reside as they mature.
    GO:0006927    obsolete transformed cell apoptotic process    OBSOLETE. Any apoptotic process in a transformed cell, a cell that has undergone changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm.
    GO:0042475    odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel.
    GO:0007008    outer mitochondrial membrane organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
    GO:0001541    ovarian follicle development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ovarian follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0002904    positive regulation of B cell apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
    GO:1902512    positive regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic DNA fragmentation.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0060058    positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process of mammary epithelial cells during mammary gland involution.
    GO:0010524    positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol    Any process that increases the rate of the directed movement of calcium ions into the cytosol of a cell. The cytosol is that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
    GO:0048087    positive regulation of developmental pigmentation    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of the developmental process that results in the deposition of coloring matter in an organism.
    GO:1900103    positive regulation of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response.
    GO:2001241    positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand.
    GO:2001244    positive regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:1902110    positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process    Any positive regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.
    GO:0043525    positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process.
    GO:0032461    positive regulation of protein oligomerization    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein oligomerization.
    GO:0090200    positive regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, the process in which cytochrome c is enabled to move from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is an early step in apoptosis and leads to caspase activation.
    GO:0051281    positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria.
    GO:0048597    post-embryonic camera-type eye morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the eye are generated and organized during post-embryonic development.
    GO:0009791    post-embryonic development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
    GO:0051260    protein homooligomerization    The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of identical component monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
    GO:0001844    protein insertion into mitochondrial membrane involved in apoptotic signaling pathway    The process in which a protein is incorporated into a mitochondrial membrane as the initial phase of the mitochondrial membrane permeabilization that takes place in the apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0051259    protein oligomerization    The process of creating protein oligomers, compounds composed of a small number, usually between three and ten, of component monomers; protein oligomers may be composed of different or identical monomers. Oligomers may be formed by the polymerization of a number of monomers or the depolymerization of a large protein polymer.
    GO:0042981    regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0051726    regulation of cell cycle    Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0043281    regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the activity of a cysteine-type endopeptidase involved in apoptosis.
    GO:0033599    regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:1902108    regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in apoptotic process    Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in apoptotic process.
    GO:1902445    regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability involved in programmed necrotic cell death    Any regulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability that is involved in programmed necrotic cell death.
    GO:0051881    regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential    Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the electric potential existing across the mitochondrial membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
    GO:0043523    regulation of neuron apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process in neurons.
    GO:0006808    regulation of nitrogen utilization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nitrogen utilization.
    GO:0043497    regulation of protein heterodimerization activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein heterodimerization, interacting selectively with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0043496    regulation of protein homodimerization activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0001836    release of cytochrome c from mitochondria    The process that results in the movement of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol, which is part of the apoptotic signaling pathway and leads to caspase activation.
    GO:0032976    release of matrix enzymes from mitochondria    The process in which enzymes, such as aspartate aminotransferase, are enabled to move from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol, as part of the apoptotic process.
    GO:0048678    response to axon injury    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an axon injury stimulus.
    GO:0042220    response to cocaine    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cocaine stimulus. Cocaine is a crystalline alkaloid obtained from the leaves of the coca plant.
    GO:0046688    response to copper ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a copper ion stimulus.
    GO:0051412    response to corticosterone    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosterone stimulus. Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type, produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. In many species, corticosterone is the principal glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel metabolism, immune reactions, and stress responses.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0010332    response to gamma radiation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gamma radiation stimulus. Gamma radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) or light emission of a specific frequency produced from sub-atomic particle interaction, such as electron-positron annihilation and radioactive decay. Gamma rays are generally characterized as EMR having the highest frequency and energy, and also the shortest wavelength, within the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
    GO:0010212    response to ionizing radiation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a ionizing radiation stimulus. Ionizing radiation is radiation with sufficient energy to remove electrons from atoms and may arise from spontaneous decay of unstable isotopes, resulting in alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Ionizing radiation also includes X-rays.
    GO:0009651    response to salt stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of salt (particularly but not exclusively sodium and chloride ions) in the environment.
    GO:0009636    response to toxic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxic stimulus.
    GO:0009611    response to wounding    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
    GO:0060041    retina development in camera-type eye    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the retina over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates.
    GO:1990009    retinal cell apoptotic process    Any apoptotic process in a retinal cell.
    GO:0046666    retinal cell programmed cell death    Programmed cell death that occurs in the developing retina.
    GO:0007548    sex differentiation    The establishment of the sex of an organism by physical differentiation.
    GO:0048515    spermatid differentiation    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a spermatid over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0007283    spermatogenesis    The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
    GO:0070242    thymocyte apoptotic process    Any apoptotic process in a thymocyte, an immature T cell located in the thymus.
    GO:0060068    vagina development    The reproductive developmental process whose specific outcome is the progression of the vagina over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
cellular component
    GO:0097144    BAX complex    An oligomeric protein complex consisting of BAX, a member of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators.
    GO:0097136    Bcl-2 family protein complex    A protein complex that consists of members of the Bcl-2 family of anti- and proapoptotic regulators. Bcl-2 proteins respond to cues from various forms of intracellular stress, such as DNA damage or cytokine deprivation, and interact with opposing family members to determine whether or not the caspase proteolytic cascade should be unleashed.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005622    intracellular    The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0031966    mitochondrial membrane    Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
    GO:0005741    mitochondrial outer membrane    The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
    GO:0005757    mitochondrial permeability transition pore complex    A protein complex that connects the inner and outer membranes of animal mitochondria and acts as a pore that can open transiently to allow free diffusion of solutes between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. The pore complex is formed of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) and cyclophilin-D (CyP-D).
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0005635    nuclear envelope    The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
    GO:0046930    pore complex    Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

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        BCL2_HUMAN | P104151g5m 1gjh 1ysw 2o21 2o22 2o2f 2w3l 4aq3 4ieh 4lvt 4lxd 4man 5agw 5agx 5fcg 5jsn

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1g5m HUMAN BCL-2, ISOFORM 1
1gjh HUMAN BCL-2, ISOFORM 2
1ysw SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE ANTI-APOPTOTIC PROTEIN BCL-2COMPLEXED WITH AN ACYL- SULFONAMIDE-BASED LIGAND
2w3l CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CHIMAERIC BCL2-XL AND PHENYL TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE AMIDE COMPLEX