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(-) Description

Title :  THE STRUCTURE OF METHANOTHERMOBACTER THERMAUTOTROPHICUS EXOSOME CORE ASSEMBLY
 
Authors :  C. L. Ng, D. G. Waterman, A. A. Antson, M. Ortiz-Lombardia
Date :  19 Jul 09  (Deposition) - 28 Apr 10  (Release) - 30 May 12  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.65
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B,C,D,E,F
Keywords :  Phosphate Binding, 3'-5' Exoribonuclease, Exosome, Nuclease, Hydrolase, Exonuclease (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  C. L. Ng, D. G. Waterman, A. A. Antson, M. Ortiz-Lombardia
Structure Of The Methanothermobacter Thermautotrophicus Exosome Rnase Ph Ring
Acta Crystallogr. , Sect. D V. 66 522 2010
PubMed-ID: 20445227  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1107/S0907444910002908

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PROBABLE EXOSOME COMPLEX EXONUCLEASE 2
    ChainsA, C, E
    EC Number3.1.13.-
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPCDFDUET, PET28A
    Expression System StrainER2566
    Expression System Taxid562
    Organism ScientificMETHANOTHERMOBACTER THERMAUTOTROPHICUS
    Organism Taxid145262
    StrainDELTA H
 
Molecule 2 - PROBABLE EXOSOME COMPLEX EXONUCLEASE 1
    ChainsB, D, F
    EC Number3.1.13.-
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPCDFDUET, PET28A
    Expression System StrainER2566
    Expression System Taxid562
    Organism ScientificMETHANOTHERMOBACTER THERMAUTOTROPHICUS
    Organism Taxid145262
    StrainDELTA H

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  123456
Asymmetric/Biological Unit ABCDEF

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 3)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1PO43Ligand/IonPHOSPHATE ION

(-) Sites  (3, 3)

Asymmetric Unit (3, 3)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREARG B:97 , GLY B:135 , THR B:136 , ARG B:137BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE PO4 B1237
2AC2SOFTWAREARG F:97 , GLY F:134 , GLY F:135 , THR F:136 , ARG F:137 , HOH F:2025 , HOH F:2026 , HOH F:2027BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE PO4 F1238
3AC3SOFTWAREARG D:97 , GLY D:135 , THR D:136 , ARG D:137BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE PO4 D1237

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 2WNR)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (3, 3)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1Gly B:58 -Pro B:59
2Gly D:58 -Pro D:59
3Gly F:58 -Pro F:59

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 2WNR)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 2WNR)

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 2WNR)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:261
 aligned with RRP42_METTH | O26778 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:271

    Alignment length:261
                                    18        28        38        48        58        68        78        88        98       108       118       128       138       148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268 
          RRP42_METTH     9 PEITRKSITDLINNKERIDGRSLHEFRDISIETGVISKAEGSSRVKLGNTQIIVGVKPQIGEPFPDTPEMGVILTNSELLPMASPTFEPGPPDERSVELSRVVDRCIRESRMIDLEKLCIIEGSKVWMLFLDLHIIDYDGNLFDAAVLATVAALLDTRIPAAEVEDGEVVINREKMQPLPVNRKALMCTFAKIGNEIVLDPSLEEEDILTARISIGVTEEGSICAMQKGGEGPLTRDDVLKAVSIAVEKVPQLIEYLDKSM 269
               SCOP domains d2wnra1 A:9-187 automated matches                                                                                                                                                  d2wnra2 A:188-269 automated matches                                                SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhh...............eee..........eeee....eeee..eee.....................hhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhh.eee...ee.eeeeeeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeee....eeeeeeeeee......eeeeeeee....eee..hhhhhh...eeeeeeee.......ee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2wnr A   9 PEITRKSITDLINNKERIDGRSLHEFRDISIETGVISKAEGSSRVKLGNTQIIVGVKPQIGEPFPDTPEMGVILTNSELLPMASPTFEPGPPDERSVELSRVVDRCIRESRMIDLEKLCIIEGSKVWMLFLDLHIIDYDGNLFDAAVLATVAALLDTRIPAAEVEDGEVVINREKMQPLPVNRKALMCTFAKIGNEIVLDPSLEEEDILTARISIGVTEEGSICAMQKGGEGPLTRDDVLKAVSIAVEKVPQLIEYLDKSM 269
                                    18        28        38        48        58        68        78        88        98       108       118       128       138       148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268 

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:222
 aligned with RRP41_METTH | O26779 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:240

    Alignment length:222
                                    24        34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234  
          RRP41_METTH    15 SVREDGRAFDELRPLKIEAGILERADGSSYLEFGGNKILVAVYGPREAQIRKLQRPDRAVIRCRYNMAPFSVEERKRPGPDRRSVEISKITAEALRPALILEKFPRSVIDVFIEVLEAEGGTRCAGITAASVALADAGIPMRDMVVACAAGKVGDQVVLDLSEEEDKEGQADVPVAILPRTREITLLQSDGNLTPEEFERALDLAVEGCLRIHEVQKEALRK 236
               SCOP domains d2wnrb1 B:15-153 automated matches                                                                                                         d2wnrb2 B:154-236 automated matches                                                 SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...............eee..........eeee....eeeeeeeeeee............eeeeeeee.............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhh..eeeeeeeeeee.........hhhhhhhhhhh........eeeee............hhhhhh....eeeeee....eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 2wnr B  15 SVREDGRAFDELRPLKIEAGILERADGSSYLEFGGNKILVAVYGPREAQIRKLQRPDRAVIRCRYNMAPFSVEERKRPGPDRRSVEISKITAEALRPALILEKFPRSVIDVFIEVLEAEGGTRCAGITAASVALADAGIPMRDMVVACAAGKVGDQVVLDLSEEEDKEGQADVPVAILPRTREITLLQSDGNLTPEEFERALDLAVEGCLRIHEVQKEALRK 236
                                    24        34        44        54        64        74        84        94       104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234  

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:258
 aligned with RRP42_METTH | O26778 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:271

    Alignment length:258
                                    22        32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262        
          RRP42_METTH    13 RKSITDLINNKERIDGRSLHEFRDISIETGVISKAEGSSRVKLGNTQIIVGVKPQIGEPFPDTPEMGVILTNSELLPMASPTFEPGPPDERSVELSRVVDRCIRESRMIDLEKLCIIEGSKVWMLFLDLHIIDYDGNLFDAAVLATVAALLDTRIPAAEVEDGEVVINREKMQPLPVNRKALMCTFAKIGNEIVLDPSLEEEDILTARISIGVTEEGSICAMQKGGEGPLTRDDVLKAVSIAVEKVPQLIEYLDKSMT 270
               SCOP domains d2wnrc1 C:13-187 automated matches                                                                                                                                             d2wnrc2 C:188-270 automated matches                                                 SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhh...................eee..........eeee....eeee..eee.....................hhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhh.eee...ee.eeeeeeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeee....eeeeeeeeee......eeeeeeee....eee..hhhhhh...eeeeeeee.......ee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROSITE
                 Transcript ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript
                 2wnr C  13 RKSITDLINNKERIDGRSLHEFRDISIETGVISKAEGSSRVKLGNTQIIVGVKPQIGEPFPDTPEMGVILTNSELLPMASPTFEPGPPDERSVELSRVVDRCIRESRMIDLEKLCIIEGSKVWMLFLDLHIIDYDGNLFDAAVLATVAALLDTRIPAAEVEDGEVVINREKMQPLPVNRKALMCTFAKIGNEIVLDPSLEEEDILTARISIGVTEEGSICAMQKGGEGPLTRDDVLKAVSIAVEKVPQLIEYLDKSMT 270
                                    22        32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262        

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:210
 aligned with RRP41_METTH | O26779 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:240

    Alignment length:221
                                    25        35        45        55        65        75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       195       205       215       225       235 
          RRP41_METTH    16 VREDGRAFDELRPLKIEAGILERADGSSYLEFGGNKILVAVYGPREAQIRKLQRPDRAVIRCRYNMAPFSVEERKRPGPDRRSVEISKITAEALRPALILEKFPRSVIDVFIEVLEAEGGTRCAGITAASVALADAGIPMRDMVVACAAGKVGDQVVLDLSEEEDKEGQADVPVAILPRTREITLLQSDGNLTPEEFERALDLAVEGCLRIHEVQKEALRK 236
               SCOP domains d2wnrd1 D:16-153 automated matches                                                                                                        d2wnrd2 D:154-236 automated matches                                                 SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..............eee..........eeee....eeeeeeeeee.-----------.eeeeeeee.............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhh...eeeeeeeeee.........hhhhhhhhhhh........eeeee......................eeeeee....eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2wnr D  16 VREDGRAFDELRPLKIEAGILERADGSSYLEFGGNKILVAVYGPRE-----------AVIRCRYNMAPFSVEERKRPGPDRRSVEISKITAEALRPALILEKFPRSVIDVFIEVLEAEGGTRCAGITAASVALADAGIPMRDMVVACAAGKVGDQVVLDLSEEEDKEGQADVPVAILPRTREITLLQSDGNLTPEEFERALDLAVEGCLRIHEVQKEALRK 236
                                    25        35        45        55     |   -       |75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       195       205       215       225       235 
                                                                        61          73                                                                                                                                                                   

Chain E from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:250
 aligned with RRP42_METTH | O26778 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:271

    Alignment length:250
                                    30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270
          RRP42_METTH    21 NNKERIDGRSLHEFRDISIETGVISKAEGSSRVKLGNTQIIVGVKPQIGEPFPDTPEMGVILTNSELLPMASPTFEPGPPDERSVELSRVVDRCIRESRMIDLEKLCIIEGSKVWMLFLDLHIIDYDGNLFDAAVLATVAALLDTRIPAAEVEDGEVVINREKMQPLPVNRKALMCTFAKIGNEIVLDPSLEEEDILTARISIGVTEEGSICAMQKGGEGPLTRDDVLKAVSIAVEKVPQLIEYLDKSMT 270
               SCOP domains d2wnre1 E:21-187 automated matches                                                                                                                                     d2wnre2 E:188-270 automated matches                                                 SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .................eee..........eeee....eeee..eee.....................hhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhh.eee...ee.eeeeeeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeeee....eeeeeeeeee......eeeeeeee....eee..hhhhhh...eeeeeeee.......ee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2wnr E  21 NNKERIDGRSLHEFRDISIETGVISKAEGSSRVKLGNTQIIVGVKPQIGEPFPDTPEMGVILTNSELLPMASPTFEPGPPDERSVELSRVVDRCIRESRMIDLEKLCIIEGSKVWMLFLDLHIIDYDGNLFDAAVLATVAALLDTRIPAAEVEDGEVVINREKMQPLPVNRKALMCTFAKIGNEIVLDPSLEEEDILTARISIGVTEEGSICAMQKGGEGPLTRDDVLKAVSIAVEKVPQLIEYLDKSMT 270
                                    30        40        50        60        70        80        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240       250       260       270

Chain F from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:217
 aligned with RRP41_METTH | O26779 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:240

    Alignment length:224
                                    23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233    
          RRP41_METTH    14 PSVREDGRAFDELRPLKIEAGILERADGSSYLEFGGNKILVAVYGPREAQIRKLQRPDRAVIRCRYNMAPFSVEERKRPGPDRRSVEISKITAEALRPALILEKFPRSVIDVFIEVLEAEGGTRCAGITAASVALADAGIPMRDMVVACAAGKVGDQVVLDLSEEEDKEGQADVPVAILPRTREITLLQSDGNLTPEEFERALDLAVEGCLRIHEVQKEALRKR 237
               SCOP domains d2wnrf1 F:14-153 automated matches                                                                                                          d2wnrf2 F:154-237 automated matches                                                  SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ................eee..........eeee....eeeeeeeeee..-------.....eeeeeee.............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhh...eeeeeeeeee.........hhhhhhhhhhh........eeeee...........hhhhhh.....eeeeee....eeeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 2wnr F  14 PSVREDGRAFDELRPLKIEAGILERADGSSYLEFGGNKILVAVYGPREA-------PDRAVIRCRYNMAPFSVEERKRPGPDRRSVEISKITAEALRPALILEKFPRSVIDVFIEVLEAEGGTRCAGITAASVALADAGIPMRDMVVACAAGKVGDQVVLDLSEEEDKEGQADVPVAILPRTREITLLQSDGNLTPEEFERALDLAVEGCLRIHEVQKEALRKR 237
                                    23        33        43        53        |-      | 73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233    
                                                                           62      70                                                                                                                                                                       

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 12)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 2WNR)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 2WNR)

(-) Gene Ontology  (10, 13)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,C,E   (RRP42_METTH | O26778)
biological process
    GO:0006401    RNA catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0000178    exosome (RNase complex)    A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime exoribonuclease activity and possibly endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.

Chain B,D,F   (RRP41_METTH | O26779)
molecular function
    GO:0000175    3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity    Catalysis of the sequential cleavage of mononucleotides from a free 3' terminus of an RNA molecule.
    GO:0004527    exonuclease activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end.
    GO:0016896    exoribonuclease activity, producing 5'-phosphomonoesters    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within ribonucleic acids by removing nucleotide residues from the 3' or 5' end to yield 5' phosphomonoesters.
    GO:0016787    hydrolase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
    GO:0004518    nuclease activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of ester linkages within nucleic acids.
biological process
    GO:0006401    RNA catabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of RNA, ribonucleic acid, one of the two main type of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from ribonucleotides joined in 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage.
    GO:0090503    RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, exonucleolytic    The chemical reactions and pathways involving the hydrolysis of terminal 3',5'-phosphodiester bonds in one or two strands of ribonucleotides.
    GO:0090305    nucleic acid phosphodiester bond hydrolysis    The nucleic acid metabolic process in which the phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides are cleaved by hydrolysis.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0000178    exosome (RNase complex)    A ribonuclease complex that has 3-prime to 5-prime exoribonuclease activity and possibly endoribonuclease activity, producing 5-prime-phosphomonoesters. Participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events preventing nuclear export and/or translation of aberrant RNAs. Restricted to processing linear and circular single-stranded RNAs (ssRNA) only. RNAs with complex secondary structures may have to be unwound or pre-processed by co-factors prior to entering the complex, esp if the 3-prime end is structured.

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