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(-) Description

Title :  MICROSOMAL PROSTAGLANDIN E SYNTHASE TYPE-2
 
Authors :  T. Yamada, J. Komoto, K. Watanabe, Y. Ohmiya, F. Takusagawa
Date :  02 Apr 05  (Deposition) - 17 May 05  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.60
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C,D
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  C,D  (1x)
Biol. Unit 3:  A,B,C,D  (2x)
Keywords :  Membran Associated Protein, Prostaglandin E Synthase, Indomethacin, Isomerase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  T. Yamada, J. Komoto, K. Watanabe, Y. Ohmiya, F. Takusagawa
Crystal Structure And Possible Catalytic Mechanism Of Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase Type 2 (Mpges-2).
J. Mol. Biol. V. 348 1163 2005
PubMed-ID: 15854652  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.JMB.2005.03.035
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - MEMBRANE-ASSOCIATED PROSTAGLANDIN E SYNTHASE-2
    ChainsA, B, C, D
    EC Number5.3.99.3
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    Organism CommonCRAB-EATING MACAQUE
    Organism ScientificMACACA FASCICULARIS
    Organism Taxid9541
    TissueBRAIN

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1234
Asymmetric Unit ABCD
Biological Unit 1 (1x)AB  
Biological Unit 2 (1x)  CD
Biological Unit 3 (2x)ABCD

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (3, 12)

Asymmetric Unit (3, 12)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1ACT4Ligand/IonACETATE ION
2CL4Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
3IMN4Ligand/IonINDOMETHACIN
Biological Unit 1 (2, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1ACT2Ligand/IonACETATE ION
2CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
3IMN2Ligand/IonINDOMETHACIN
Biological Unit 2 (2, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1ACT2Ligand/IonACETATE ION
2CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
3IMN2Ligand/IonINDOMETHACIN
Biological Unit 3 (2, 16)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1ACT8Ligand/IonACETATE ION
2CL-1Ligand/IonCHLORIDE ION
3IMN8Ligand/IonINDOMETHACIN

(-) Sites  (12, 12)

Asymmetric Unit (12, 12)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
01AC1SOFTWAREARG A:137 , ARG A:146 , TYR D:287BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL D 378
02AC2SOFTWAREMET A:286BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ACT A 378
03AC3SOFTWAREARG B:137 , TYR C:287BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL B 378
04AC4SOFTWAREMET B:286BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ACT B 379
05AC5SOFTWARETYR B:287 , ARG C:137BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL B 380
06AC6SOFTWAREMET C:286BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ACT C 378
07AC7SOFTWARETYR A:287 , ARG D:137BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE CL D 475
08AC8SOFTWAREMET D:286BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ACT D 477
09AC9SOFTWARETYR A:107 , THR A:109 , CYS A:110 , PRO A:111 , PHE A:112 , PRO A:134 , ILE A:246 , VAL A:250 , TYR A:251 , SER A:260 , TYR A:263 , ILE A:264 , VAL A:343 , LEU A:347BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE IMN A 379
10BC1SOFTWAREHOH B:2 , TYR B:107 , THR B:109 , CYS B:110 , PRO B:111 , PHE B:112 , PRO B:134 , ILE B:246 , VAL B:250 , TYR B:251 , SER B:260 , TYR B:263 , ILE B:264 , VAL B:343 , LEU B:347BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE IMN B 381
11BC2SOFTWARETYR C:107 , THR C:109 , CYS C:110 , PRO C:111 , PHE C:112 , PRO C:134 , ILE C:246 , VAL C:250 , TYR C:251 , SER C:260 , TYR C:263 , ILE C:264 , VAL C:343 , LEU C:347BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE IMN C 379
12BC3SOFTWARETYR D:107 , THR D:109 , CYS D:110 , PRO D:111 , PHE D:112 , PRO D:134 , ILE D:246 , VAL D:250 , TYR D:251 , SER D:260 , TYR D:263 , ILE D:264 , VAL D:343 , LEU D:347 , HOH D:478BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE IMN D 476

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1Z9H)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Val A:148 -Pro A:149
2Val B:148 -Pro B:149
3Val C:148 -Pro C:149
4Val D:148 -Pro D:149

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1Z9H)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 8)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1GLUTAREDOXIN_1PS00195 Glutaredoxin active site.PGES2_MACFA104-120
 
 
 
  4A:104-120
B:104-120
C:104-120
D:104-120
2GST_CTERPS50405 Soluble glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain profile.PGES2_MACFA263-377
 
 
 
  4A:263-373
B:263-373
C:263-373
D:263-373
Biological Unit 1 (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1GLUTAREDOXIN_1PS00195 Glutaredoxin active site.PGES2_MACFA104-120
 
 
 
  2A:104-120
B:104-120
-
-
2GST_CTERPS50405 Soluble glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain profile.PGES2_MACFA263-377
 
 
 
  2A:263-373
B:263-373
-
-
Biological Unit 2 (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1GLUTAREDOXIN_1PS00195 Glutaredoxin active site.PGES2_MACFA104-120
 
 
 
  2-
-
C:104-120
D:104-120
2GST_CTERPS50405 Soluble glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain profile.PGES2_MACFA263-377
 
 
 
  2-
-
C:263-373
D:263-373
Biological Unit 3 (2, 16)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1GLUTAREDOXIN_1PS00195 Glutaredoxin active site.PGES2_MACFA104-120
 
 
 
  8A:104-120
B:104-120
C:104-120
D:104-120
2GST_CTERPS50405 Soluble glutathione S-transferase C-terminal domain profile.PGES2_MACFA263-377
 
 
 
  8A:263-373
B:263-373
C:263-373
D:263-373

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 1Z9H)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:274
 aligned with PGES2_MACFA | Q9N0A4 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:377

    Alignment length:274
                                   109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229       239       249       259       269       279       289       299       309       319       329       339       349       359       369    
          PGES2_MACFA   100 LQLTLYQYKTCPFCSKVRAFLDFHALPYQVVEVNPVLRAEIKFSSYRKVPILVAQEGESSQQLNDSSVIISALKTYLVSGQPLEEIITYYPAMKAVNDQGKEVTEFGNKYWLMLNEKEAQQVYSGKEARTEEMKWRQWADDWLVHLISPNVYRTPTEALASFDYIVREGKFGAVEGAVAKYMGAAAMYLISKRLKSRHRLQDNVREDLYEAADKWVAAVGKDRPFMGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLRVMEGLDAFDDLMQHTHIQPWYLRVERAITEA 373
               SCOP domains d1z9ha2 A:100-212 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2                                                          d1z9ha1 A:213-373 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2                                                                                                           SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .eeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee.....hhhhh........eeeeee..eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhh.eeeee.....eeeee........hhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...........hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----GLUTAREDOXIN_1   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GST_CTER  PDB: A:263-373 UniProt: 263-377                                                                       PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1z9h A 100 LQLTLYQYKTCPFCSKVRAFLDFHALPYQVVEVNPVLRAEIKFSSYRKVPILVAQEGESSQQLNDSSVIISALKTYLVSGQPLEEIITYYPAMKAVNDQGKEVTEFGNKYWLMLNEKEAQQVYSGKEARTEEMKWRQWADDWLVHLISPNVYRTPTEALASFDYIVREGKFGAVEGAVAKYMGAAAMYLISKRLKSRHRLQDNVREDLYEAADKWVAAVGKDRPFMGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLRVMEGLDAFDDLMQHTHIQPWYLRVERAITEA 373
                                   109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229       239       249       259       269       279       289       299       309       319       329       339       349       359       369    

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:274
 aligned with PGES2_MACFA | Q9N0A4 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:377

    Alignment length:274
                                   109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229       239       249       259       269       279       289       299       309       319       329       339       349       359       369    
          PGES2_MACFA   100 LQLTLYQYKTCPFCSKVRAFLDFHALPYQVVEVNPVLRAEIKFSSYRKVPILVAQEGESSQQLNDSSVIISALKTYLVSGQPLEEIITYYPAMKAVNDQGKEVTEFGNKYWLMLNEKEAQQVYSGKEARTEEMKWRQWADDWLVHLISPNVYRTPTEALASFDYIVREGKFGAVEGAVAKYMGAAAMYLISKRLKSRHRLQDNVREDLYEAADKWVAAVGKDRPFMGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLRVMEGLDAFDDLMQHTHIQPWYLRVERAITEA 373
               SCOP domains d1z9hb2 B:100-212 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2                                                          d1z9hb1 B:213-373 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2                                                                                                           SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .eeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee.....hhhhh........eeeeee..eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhh.eeeee.....eeeee........hhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...........hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----GLUTAREDOXIN_1   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GST_CTER  PDB: B:263-373 UniProt: 263-377                                                                       PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1z9h B 100 LQLTLYQYKTCPFCSKVRAFLDFHALPYQVVEVNPVLRAEIKFSSYRKVPILVAQEGESSQQLNDSSVIISALKTYLVSGQPLEEIITYYPAMKAVNDQGKEVTEFGNKYWLMLNEKEAQQVYSGKEARTEEMKWRQWADDWLVHLISPNVYRTPTEALASFDYIVREGKFGAVEGAVAKYMGAAAMYLISKRLKSRHRLQDNVREDLYEAADKWVAAVGKDRPFMGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLRVMEGLDAFDDLMQHTHIQPWYLRVERAITEA 373
                                   109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229       239       249       259       269       279       289       299       309       319       329       339       349       359       369    

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:274
 aligned with PGES2_MACFA | Q9N0A4 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:377

    Alignment length:274
                                   109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229       239       249       259       269       279       289       299       309       319       329       339       349       359       369    
          PGES2_MACFA   100 LQLTLYQYKTCPFCSKVRAFLDFHALPYQVVEVNPVLRAEIKFSSYRKVPILVAQEGESSQQLNDSSVIISALKTYLVSGQPLEEIITYYPAMKAVNDQGKEVTEFGNKYWLMLNEKEAQQVYSGKEARTEEMKWRQWADDWLVHLISPNVYRTPTEALASFDYIVREGKFGAVEGAVAKYMGAAAMYLISKRLKSRHRLQDNVREDLYEAADKWVAAVGKDRPFMGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLRVMEGLDAFDDLMQHTHIQPWYLRVERAITEA 373
               SCOP domains d1z9hc2 C:100-212 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2                                                          d1z9hc1 C:213-373 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2                                                                                                           SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .eeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee.....hhhhh........eeeeee..eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhh.eeeee.....eeeee........hhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...........hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----GLUTAREDOXIN_1   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GST_CTER  PDB: C:263-373 UniProt: 263-377                                                                       PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1z9h C 100 LQLTLYQYKTCPFCSKVRAFLDFHALPYQVVEVNPVLRAEIKFSSYRKVPILVAQEGESSQQLNDSSVIISALKTYLVSGQPLEEIITYYPAMKAVNDQGKEVTEFGNKYWLMLNEKEAQQVYSGKEARTEEMKWRQWADDWLVHLISPNVYRTPTEALASFDYIVREGKFGAVEGAVAKYMGAAAMYLISKRLKSRHRLQDNVREDLYEAADKWVAAVGKDRPFMGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLRVMEGLDAFDDLMQHTHIQPWYLRVERAITEA 373
                                   109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229       239       249       259       269       279       289       299       309       319       329       339       349       359       369    

Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:274
 aligned with PGES2_MACFA | Q9N0A4 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:377

    Alignment length:274
                                   109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229       239       249       259       269       279       289       299       309       319       329       339       349       359       369    
          PGES2_MACFA   100 LQLTLYQYKTCPFCSKVRAFLDFHALPYQVVEVNPVLRAEIKFSSYRKVPILVAQEGESSQQLNDSSVIISALKTYLVSGQPLEEIITYYPAMKAVNDQGKEVTEFGNKYWLMLNEKEAQQVYSGKEARTEEMKWRQWADDWLVHLISPNVYRTPTEALASFDYIVREGKFGAVEGAVAKYMGAAAMYLISKRLKSRHRLQDNVREDLYEAADKWVAAVGKDRPFMGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLRVMEGLDAFDDLMQHTHIQPWYLRVERAITEA 373
               SCOP domains d1z9hd2 D:100-212 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2                                                          d1z9hd1 D:213-373 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2                                                                                                           SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) --Glutaredoxin-1z9hD05 D:102-158                           ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GST_C-1z9hD01 D:277-369                                                                      ---- Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) --Glutaredoxin-1z9hD06 D:102-158                           ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GST_C-1z9hD02 D:277-369                                                                      ---- Pfam domains (2)
           Pfam domains (3) --Glutaredoxin-1z9hD07 D:102-158                           ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GST_C-1z9hD03 D:277-369                                                                      ---- Pfam domains (3)
           Pfam domains (4) --Glutaredoxin-1z9hD08 D:102-158                           ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GST_C-1z9hD04 D:277-369                                                                      ---- Pfam domains (4)
         Sec.struct. author .eeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeee.....hhhhh........eeeeee..eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhh.eeeee.....eeeee........hhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...........hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----GLUTAREDOXIN_1   ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GST_CTER  PDB: D:263-373 UniProt: 263-377                                                                       PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1z9h D 100 LQLTLYQYKTCPFCSKVRAFLDFHALPYQVVEVNPVLRAEIKFSSYRKVPILVAQEGESSQQLNDSSVIISALKTYLVSGQPLEEIITYYPAMKAVNDQGKEVTEFGNKYWLMLNEKEAQQVYSGKEARTEEMKWRQWADDWLVHLISPNVYRTPTEALASFDYIVREGKFGAVEGAVAKYMGAAAMYLISKRLKSRHRLQDNVREDLYEAADKWVAAVGKDRPFMGGQKPNLADLAVYGVLRVMEGLDAFDDLMQHTHIQPWYLRVERAITEA 373
                                   109       119       129       139       149       159       169       179       189       199       209       219       229       239       249       259       269       279       289       299       309       319       329       339       349       359       369    

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 8)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 1Z9H)

(-) Pfam Domains  (2, 8)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Clan: GST_C (118)

(-) Gene Ontology  (20, 20)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B,C,D   (PGES2_MACFA | Q9N0A4)
molecular function
    GO:0009055    electron carrier activity    Any molecular entity that serves as an electron acceptor and electron donor in an electron transport chain. An electron transport chain is a process in which a series of electron carriers operate together to transfer electrons from donors to any of several different terminal electron acceptors to generate a transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0043295    glutathione binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutathione; a tripeptide composed of the three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine.
    GO:0020037    heme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heme, any compound of iron complexed in a porphyrin (tetrapyrrole) ring.
    GO:0016853    isomerase activity    Catalysis of the geometric or structural changes within one molecule. Isomerase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 5.
    GO:0016829    lyase activity    Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
    GO:0050220    prostaglandin-E synthase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: prostaglandin H(2) = prostaglandin E(2).
    GO:0015035    protein disulfide oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: a protein with reduced sulfide groups = a protein with oxidized disulfide bonds.
biological process
    GO:0045454    cell redox homeostasis    Any process that maintains the redox environment of a cell or compartment within a cell.
    GO:0006633    fatty acid biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a fatty acid, any of the aliphatic monocarboxylic acids that can be liberated by hydrolysis from naturally occurring fats and oils. Fatty acids are predominantly straight-chain acids of 4 to 24 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated; branched fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids also occur, and very long chain acids of over 30 carbons are found in waxes.
    GO:0006631    fatty acid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving fatty acids, aliphatic monocarboxylic acids liberated from naturally occurring fats and oils by hydrolysis.
    GO:0006629    lipid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
    GO:0001516    prostaglandin biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring.
    GO:0006693    prostaglandin metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving prostaglandins, any of a group of biologically active metabolites which contain a cyclopentane ring due to the formation of a bond between two carbons of a fatty acid. They have a wide range of biological activities.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

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