molecular function |
| GO:0001540 | | amyloid-beta binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with amyloid-beta peptide/protein and/or its precursor. |
| GO:0005125 | | cytokine activity | | Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. |
| GO:0008083 | | growth factor activity | | The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0046982 | | protein heterodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0005102 | | receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| GO:0004702 | | signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine kinase activity | | Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
| GO:0005160 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
| GO:0005114 | | type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type II transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
| GO:0034714 | | type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type III transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
biological process |
| GO:0007184 | | SMAD protein import into nucleus | | The directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. |
| GO:0060395 | | SMAD protein signal transduction | | The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell. |
| GO:0032147 | | activation of protein kinase activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase. |
| GO:0001525 | | angiogenesis | | Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels. |
| GO:0007411 | | axon guidance | | The chemotaxis process that directs the migration of an axon growth cone to a specific target site in response to a combination of attractive and repulsive cues. |
| GO:0001568 | | blood vessel development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a blood vessel over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The blood vessel is the vasculature carrying blood. |
| GO:0001974 | | blood vessel remodeling | | The reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. |
| GO:0060317 | | cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| GO:0060038 | | cardiac muscle cell proliferation | | The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division. |
| GO:0010002 | | cardioblast differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. |
| GO:0001502 | | cartilage condensation | | The condensation of mesenchymal cells that have been committed to differentiate into chondrocytes. |
| GO:0042637 | | catagen | | The regression phase of the hair cycle during which cell proliferation ceases, the hair follicle shortens, and an anchored club hair is produced. |
| GO:0007050 | | cell cycle arrest | | A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M). |
| GO:0008219 | | cell death | | Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). |
| GO:0016049 | | cell growth | | The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. |
| GO:0016477 | | cell migration | | The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. |
| GO:0000902 | | cell morphogenesis | | The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. |
| GO:0008283 | | cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| GO:0045216 | | cell-cell junction organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells. |
| GO:0007267 | | cell-cell signaling | | Any process that mediates the transfer of information from one cell to another. This process includes signal transduction in the receiving cell and, where applicable, release of a ligand and any processes that actively facilitate its transport and presentation to the receiving cell. Examples include signaling via soluble ligands, via cell adhesion molecules and via gap junctions. |
| GO:0030199 | | collagen fibril organization | | Any process that determines the size and arrangement of collagen fibrils within an extracellular matrix. |
| GO:0042416 | | dopamine biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter and a metabolic precursor of noradrenaline and adrenaline. |
| GO:0009790 | | embryo development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. |
| GO:0048566 | | embryonic digestive tract development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the gut over time, from its formation to the mature structure during embryonic development. The gut is the region of the digestive tract extending from the beginning of the intestines to the anus. |
| GO:0003203 | | endocardial cushion morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves. |
| GO:0001837 | | epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| GO:0030198 | | extracellular matrix organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an extracellular matrix. |
| GO:0097191 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0001654 | | eye development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The eye is the organ of sight. |
| GO:0060325 | | face morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head. |
| GO:0048699 | | generation of neurons | | The process in which nerve cells are generated. This includes the production of neuroblasts and their differentiation into neurons. |
| GO:0008347 | | glial cell migration | | The orderly movement of a glial cell, non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. |
| GO:0040007 | | growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. |
| GO:0001942 | | hair follicle development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the hair follicle over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A hair follicle is a tube-like opening in the epidermis where the hair shaft develops and into which the sebaceous glands open. |
| GO:0031069 | | hair follicle morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized. |
| GO:0007507 | | heart development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| GO:0003007 | | heart morphogenesis | | The developmental process in which the heart is generated and organized. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| GO:0003179 | | heart valve morphogenesis | | The process in which the structure of a heart valve is generated and organized. |
| GO:0030097 | | hemopoiesis | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the myeloid and lymphoid derived organ/tissue systems of the blood and other parts of the body over time, from formation to the mature structure. The site of hemopoiesis is variable during development, but occurs primarily in bone marrow or kidney in many adult vertebrates. |
| GO:0046580 | | negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of Ras protein signal transduction. |
| GO:0010693 | | negative regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of alkaline phosphatase activity, the catalysis of the reaction: an orthophosphoric monoester + H2O = an alcohol + phosphate, with an alkaline pH optimum. |
| GO:0061037 | | negative regulation of cartilage development | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| GO:0030308 | | negative regulation of cell growth | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0050680 | | negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| GO:1905006 | | negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation. |
| GO:0010629 | | negative regulation of gene expression | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0050777 | | negative regulation of immune response | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. |
| GO:0010936 | | negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. |
| GO:0048666 | | neuron development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. |
| GO:0048663 | | neuron fate commitment | | The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron. |
| GO:0030593 | | neutrophil chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a neutrophil cell, the most numerous polymorphonuclear leukocyte found in the blood, in response to an external stimulus, usually an infection or wounding. |
| GO:0042476 | | odontogenesis | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tooth or teeth over time, from formation to the mature structure(s). A tooth is any hard bony, calcareous, or chitinous organ found in the mouth or pharynx of an animal and used in procuring or masticating food. |
| GO:0060389 | | pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor. |
| GO:0002576 | | platelet degranulation | | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet. |
| GO:1904426 | | positive regulation of GTP binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of GTP binding. |
| GO:0070237 | | positive regulation of activation-induced cell death of T cells | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activation-induced cell death of T cells. |
| GO:0051891 | | positive regulation of cardioblast differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast differentiation, the process in which a relatively unspecialized mesodermal cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of a cardioblast. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating. |
| GO:0033630 | | positive regulation of cell adhesion mediated by integrin | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of cell adhesion mediated by integrin. |
| GO:0045787 | | positive regulation of cell cycle | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| GO:0051781 | | positive regulation of cell division | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. |
| GO:0030307 | | positive regulation of cell growth | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0010634 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell migration. |
| GO:0010718 | | positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| GO:1905007 | | positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation. |
| GO:0090091 | | positive regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. |
| GO:2001241 | | positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0045823 | | positive regulation of heart contraction | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of heart contraction. |
| GO:0050778 | | positive regulation of immune response | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. |
| GO:0045726 | | positive regulation of integrin biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of integrins. |
| GO:0043525 | | positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death of neurons by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0045778 | | positive regulation of ossification | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. |
| GO:0010862 | | positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. |
| GO:0014068 | | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade. |
| GO:1900182 | | positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. |
| GO:0050714 | | positive regulation of protein secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. |
| GO:0032874 | | positive regulation of stress-activated MAPK cascade | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the stress-activated MAPK cascade. |
| GO:0051795 | | positive regulation of timing of catagen | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of timing of catagen, the regression phase of the hair cycle. |
| GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| GO:0032956 | | regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| GO:0042981 | | regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:1903659 | | regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of complement-dependent cytotoxicity. |
| GO:1903053 | | regulation of extracellular matrix organization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix organization. |
| GO:0032909 | | regulation of transforming growth factor beta2 production | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of transforming growth factor-beta2. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0001666 | | response to hypoxia | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| GO:0032570 | | response to progesterone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus. |
| GO:0009611 | | response to wounding | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. |
| GO:0007435 | | salivary gland morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. |
| GO:0023014 | | signal transduction by protein phosphorylation | | A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate. |
| GO:0001501 | | skeletal system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the skeleton over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The skeleton is the bony framework of the body in vertebrates (endoskeleton) or the hard outer envelope of insects (exoskeleton or dermoskeleton). |
| GO:0048103 | | somatic stem cell division | | The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line. |
| GO:0007179 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0042704 | | uterine wall breakdown | | The sloughing of the endometrium and blood vessels during menstruation that results from a drop in progesterone levels. |
| GO:0042060 | | wound healing | | The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
cellular component |
| GO:0030424 | | axon | | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. |
| GO:0005768 | | endosome | | A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. |
| GO:0031012 | | extracellular matrix | | A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues. |
| GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:0043025 | | neuronal cell body | | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
| GO:0031093 | | platelet alpha granule lumen | | The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule. |