molecular function |
| GO:0042826 | | histone deacetylase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the enzyme histone deacetylase. |
| GO:0042802 | | identical protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins. |
| GO:0016874 | | ligase activity | | Catalysis of the joining of two substances, or two groups within a single molecule, with the concomitant hydrolysis of the diphosphate bond in ATP or a similar triphosphate. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0031435 | | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, any protein that can phosphorylate a MAP kinase kinase. |
| GO:0047485 | | protein N-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0043422 | | protein kinase B binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with protein kinase B, an intracellular kinase that is important in regulating glucose metabolism. |
| GO:0019901 | | protein kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. |
| GO:0031996 | | thioesterase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any thioesterase enzyme. |
| GO:0005164 | | tumor necrosis factor receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the tumor necrosis factor receptor. |
| GO:0031624 | | ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, any of the E2 proteins. |
| GO:0061630 | | ubiquitin protein ligase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S -> X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues. |
| GO:0031625 | | ubiquitin protein ligase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins. |
| GO:0004842 | | ubiquitin-protein transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin from one protein to another via the reaction X-Ub + Y --> Y-Ub + X, where both X-Ub and Y-Ub are covalent linkages. |
| GO:0008270 | | zinc ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions. |
biological process |
| GO:0038095 | | Fc-epsilon receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of the Fc portion of immunoglobulin E (IgE) to an Fc-epsilon receptor on the surface of a signal-receiving cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The Fc portion of an immunoglobulin is its C-terminal constant region. |
| GO:0007249 | | I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling | | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell through the I-kappaB-kinase (IKK)-dependent activation of NF-kappaB. The cascade begins with activation of a trimeric IKK complex (consisting of catalytic kinase subunits IKKalpha and/or IKKbeta, and the regulatory scaffold protein NEMO) and ends with the regulation of transcription of target genes by NF-kappaB. In a resting state, NF-kappaB dimers are bound to I-kappaB proteins, sequestering NF-kappaB in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation of I-kappaB targets I-kappaB for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus releasing the NF-kappaB dimers, which can translocate to the nucleus to bind DNA and regulate transcription. |
| GO:0007254 | | JNK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a JNK (a MAPK), a JNKK (a MAPKK) and a JUN3K (a MAP3K). The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| GO:0002755 | | MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor where the MyD88 adaptor molecule mediates transduction of the signal. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. |
| GO:0002756 | | MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor not relying on the MyD88 adaptor molecule. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. |
| GO:0050852 | | T cell receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell. |
| GO:0042088 | | T-helper 1 type immune response | | An immune response which is associated with resistance to intracellular bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and pathological conditions such as arthritis, and which is typically orchestrated by the production of particular cytokines by T-helper 1 cells, most notably interferon-gamma, IL-2, and lymphotoxin. |
| GO:0000187 | | activation of MAPK activity | | The initiation of the activity of the inactive enzyme MAP kinase (MAPK). |
| GO:0007250 | | activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activity | | The stimulation of the activity of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase through phosphorylation at specific residues. |
| GO:0032147 | | activation of protein kinase activity | | Any process that initiates the activity of an inactive protein kinase. |
| GO:0009887 | | animal organ morphogenesis | | Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. |
| GO:0019886 | | antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II | | The process in which an antigen-presenting cell expresses a peptide antigen of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC class II protein complex. The peptide antigen is typically, but not always, processed from a whole protein. |
| GO:0046849 | | bone remodeling | | The continuous turnover of bone matrix and mineral that involves first, an increase in resorption (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive bone formation (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. An imbalance in the regulation of bone resorption and bone formation results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis. |
| GO:0045453 | | bone resorption | | The process in which specialized cells known as osteoclasts degrade the organic and inorganic portions of bone, and endocytose and transport the degradation products. |
| GO:0048468 | | cell development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cell development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a specific fate. |
| GO:0071222 | | cellular response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
| GO:0019221 | | cytokine-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a cytokine to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0006955 | | immune response | | Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. |
| GO:0002376 | | immune system process | | Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. |
| GO:0070498 | | interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of interleukin-1 to a receptor on the surface of a cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0031293 | | membrane protein intracellular domain proteolysis | | The proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane protein leading to the release of an intracellular domain. |
| GO:0043011 | | myeloid dendritic cell differentiation | | The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. |
| GO:0043066 | | negative regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0045892 | | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0001843 | | neural tube closure | | The last step in the formation of the neural tube, where the paired neural folds are brought together and fuse at the dorsal midline. |
| GO:0070423 | | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing (NOD) protein. |
| GO:0042475 | | odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a dentin-containing tooth over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A dentin-containing tooth is a hard, bony organ borne on the jaw or other bone of a vertebrate, and is composed mainly of dentin, a dense calcified substance, covered by a layer of enamel. |
| GO:0001503 | | ossification | | The formation of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone or a bony substance. |
| GO:0030316 | | osteoclast differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized monocyte acquires the specialized features of an osteoclast. An osteoclast is a specialized phagocytic cell associated with the absorption and removal of the mineralized matrix of bone tissue. |
| GO:0043123 | | positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling. |
| GO:0043507 | | positive regulation of JUN kinase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of JUN kinase activity. |
| GO:0051092 | | positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. |
| GO:0050870 | | positive regulation of T cell activation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. |
| GO:0002726 | | positive regulation of T cell cytokine production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of T cell cytokine production. |
| GO:0042102 | | positive regulation of T cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| GO:0043065 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0045084 | | positive regulation of interleukin-12 biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-12. |
| GO:0032743 | | positive regulation of interleukin-2 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-2 production. |
| GO:0045410 | | positive regulation of interleukin-6 biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of interleukin-6. |
| GO:0031666 | | positive regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signaling in response to detection of lipopolysaccharide. |
| GO:0045672 | | positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoclast differentiation. |
| GO:0031398 | | positive regulation of protein ubiquitination | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein. |
| GO:0051091 | | positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription. |
| GO:0048661 | | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of smooth muscle cell proliferation. |
| GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:2000679 | | positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding. |
| GO:0070534 | | protein K63-linked ubiquitination | | A protein ubiquitination process in which a polymer of ubiquitin, formed by linkages between lysine residues at position 63 of the ubiquitin monomers, is added to a protein. K63-linked ubiquitination does not target the substrate protein for degradation, but is involved in several pathways, notably as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair. |
| GO:0051865 | | protein autoubiquitination | | The ubiquitination by a protein of one or more of its own amino acid residues, or residues on an identical protein. Ubiquitination occurs on the lysine residue by formation of an isopeptide crosslink. |
| GO:0006461 | | protein complex assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex. |
| GO:0000209 | | protein polyubiquitination | | Addition of multiple ubiquitin groups to a protein, forming a ubiquitin chain. |
| GO:0016567 | | protein ubiquitination | | The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein. |
| GO:0042981 | | regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0051023 | | regulation of immunoglobulin secretion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the regulated release of immunoglobulins from a cell. |
| GO:0070555 | | response to interleukin-1 | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0002223 | | stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a C-type lectin receptor capable of cellular activation. |
| GO:0034162 | | toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to toll-like receptor 9. |
| GO:0002224 | | toll-like receptor signaling pathway | | Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of binding to a toll-like receptor. Toll-like receptors directly bind pattern motifs from a variety of microbial sources to initiate innate immune response. |
cellular component |
| GO:0035631 | | CD40 receptor complex | | A protein complex that contains at least CD40 (a cell surface receptor of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily), and other signaling molecules. |
| GO:0005938 | | cell cortex | | The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0009898 | | cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane | | The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0010008 | | endosome membrane | | The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome. |
| GO:0005811 | | lipid droplet | | An intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle comprising a matrix of coalesced lipids surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer. May include associated proteins. |
| GO:0005739 | | mitochondrion | | A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration. |
| GO:0005730 | | nucleolus | | A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0048471 | | perinuclear region of cytoplasm | | Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0043234 | | protein complex | | A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical. |