molecular function |
| GO:0003823 | | antigen binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an antigen, any substance which is capable of inducing a specific immune response and of reacting with the products of that response, the specific antibody or specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes, or both. Binding may counteract the biological activity of the antigen. |
| GO:0005125 | | cytokine activity | | Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. |
| GO:0019899 | | enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
| GO:0008083 | | growth factor activity | | The function that stimulates a cell to grow or proliferate. Most growth factors have other actions besides the induction of cell growth or proliferation. |
| GO:0047485 | | protein N-terminus binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0046982 | | protein heterodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer. |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0043539 | | protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity | | Binds to and increases the activity of a protein serine/threonine kinase. |
| GO:0005160 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
| GO:0034713 | | type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type I transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
| GO:0005114 | | type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type II transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
| GO:0034714 | | type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a type III transforming growth factor beta receptor. |
biological process |
| GO:0006754 | | ATP biosynthetic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| GO:0000165 | | MAPK cascade | | An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell. |
| GO:0007219 | | Notch signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0007183 | | SMAD protein complex assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a protein complex that contains SMAD proteins. |
| GO:0007184 | | SMAD protein import into nucleus | | The directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. |
| GO:0060395 | | SMAD protein signal transduction | | The cascade of processes by which a signal interacts with a receptor, causing a change in the activity of a SMAD protein, and ultimately effecting a change in the functioning of the cell. |
| GO:0042110 | | T cell activation | | The change in morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. |
| GO:0030217 | | T cell differentiation | | The process in which a precursor cell type acquires characteristics of a more mature T-cell. A T cell is a type of lymphocyte whose definin characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. |
| GO:0043029 | | T cell homeostasis | | The process of regulating the proliferation and elimination of T cells such that the total number of T cells within a whole or part of an organism is stable over time in the absence of an outside stimulus. |
| GO:0046732 | | active induction of host immune response by virus | | The intentional, virally-encoded stimulation of a host defense response to viral infection. |
| GO:0002460 | | adaptive immune response based on somatic recombination of immune receptors built from immunoglobulin superfamily domains | | An immune response mediated by lymphocytes expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process that includes somatic recombination of germline gene segments encoding immunoglobulin superfamily domains. Recombined receptors for antigen encoded by immunoglobulin superfamily domains include T cell receptors and immunoglobulins (antibodies) produced by B cells. The first encounter with antigen elicits a primary immune response that is slow and not of great magnitude. T and B cells selected by antigen become activated and undergo clonal expansion. A fraction of antigen-reactive T and B cells become memory cells, whereas others differentiate into effector cells. The memory cells generated during the primary response enable a much faster and stronger secondary immune response upon subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). An example of this is the adaptive immune response found in Mus musculus. |
| GO:0007568 | | aging | | A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700). |
| GO:0031100 | | animal organ regeneration | | The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ. |
| GO:0060751 | | branch elongation involved in mammary gland duct branching | | The developmental growth process in which a branch of a mammary gland duct elongates. |
| GO:0001775 | | cell activation | | A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. |
| GO:0007050 | | cell cycle arrest | | A regulatory process that halts progression through the cell cycle during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M). |
| GO:0016049 | | cell growth | | The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. |
| GO:0016477 | | cell migration | | The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms. |
| GO:0008283 | | cell proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. |
| GO:0045216 | | cell-cell junction organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cell-cell junction. A cell-cell junction is a specialized region of connection between two cells. |
| GO:0006874 | | cellular calcium ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. |
| GO:0071549 | | cellular response to dexamethasone stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a dexamethasone stimulus. |
| GO:0071363 | | cellular response to growth factor stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a growth factor stimulus. |
| GO:0071407 | | cellular response to organic cyclic compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| GO:0071560 | | cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a transforming growth factor beta stimulus. |
| GO:0002062 | | chondrocyte differentiation | | The process in which a chondroblast acquires specialized structural and/or functional features of a chondrocyte. A chondrocyte is a polymorphic cell that forms cartilage. |
| GO:0007182 | | common-partner SMAD protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a common-partner SMAD protein. A common partner SMAD protein binds to pathway-restricted SMAD proteins forming a complex that translocates to the nucleus. |
| GO:0002248 | | connective tissue replacement involved in inflammatory response wound healing | | The series of events leading to growth of connective tissue when loss of tissues that are incapable of regeneration occurs, or when fibrinous exudate cannot be adequately cleared that contribute to an inflammatory response. |
| GO:0009817 | | defense response to fungus, incompatible interaction | | A response of an organism to a fungus that prevents the occurrence or spread of disease. |
| GO:0048565 | | digestive tract development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the digestive tract over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The digestive tract is the anatomical structure through which food passes and is processed. |
| GO:0007492 | | endoderm development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues. |
| GO:0007173 | | epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to the tyrosine kinase receptor EGFR (ERBB1) on the surface of a cell. The pathway ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0001837 | | epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| GO:0019049 | | evasion or tolerance of host defenses by virus | | Any process, either active or passive, by which a virus avoids or tolerates the effects of its host organism's defense(s). Host defenses may be induced by the presence of the virus or may be preformed (e.g. physical barriers). The host is defined as the larger of the organisms involved in a symbiotic interaction. |
| GO:0085029 | | extracellular matrix assembly | | The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of the extracellular matrix. |
| GO:0097191 | | extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals in which a signal is conveyed from the cell surface to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with either a ligand binding to a cell surface receptor, or a ligand being withdrawn from a cell surface receptor (e.g. in the case of signaling by dependence receptors), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0060325 | | face morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the face are generated and organized. The face is the ventral division of the head. |
| GO:0007565 | | female pregnancy | | The set of physiological processes that allow an embryo or foetus to develop within the body of a female animal. It covers the time from fertilization of a female ovum by a male spermatozoon until birth. |
| GO:0060364 | | frontal suture morphogenesis | | The process in which the frontal suture is generated and organized. |
| GO:0008354 | | germ cell migration | | The orderly movement of a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes through the embryo from its site of production to the place where the gonads will form. |
| GO:0040007 | | growth | | The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. |
| GO:0002244 | | hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation | | The process in which precursor cell type acquires the specialized features of a hematopoietic progenitor cell, a class of cell types including myeloid progenitor cells and lymphoid progenitor cells. |
| GO:0030214 | | hyaluronan catabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of hyaluronan, the naturally occurring anionic form of hyaluronic acid, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans, the repeat units of which consist of beta-1,4 linked D-glucuronyl-beta-(1,3)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. |
| GO:0006954 | | inflammatory response | | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| GO:0048839 | | inner ear development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the inner ear over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0070306 | | lens fiber cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a lens fiber cell, any of the elongated, tightly packed cells that make up the bulk of the mature lens in the camera-type eye. The cytoplasm of a lens fiber cell is devoid of most intracellular organelles including the cell nucleus, and contains primarily crystallins, a group of water-soluble proteins expressed in vary large quantities. |
| GO:0031663 | | lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Lipopolysaccharides are major components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, making them prime targets for recognition by the immune system. |
| GO:0048535 | | lymph node development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of lymph nodes over time, from their formation to the mature structure. A lymph node is a round, oval, or bean shaped structure localized in clusters along the lymphatic vessels, with a distinct internal structure including specialized vasculature and B- and T-zones for the activation of lymphocytes. |
| GO:0010742 | | macrophage derived foam cell differentiation | | The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a foam cell. A foam cell is a type of cell containing lipids in small vacuoles and typically seen in atherosclerotic lesions, as well as other conditions. |
| GO:0060744 | | mammary gland branching involved in thelarche | | The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. |
| GO:0030879 | | mammary gland development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mammary gland over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk. Its development starts with the formation of the mammary line and ends as the mature gland cycles between nursing and weaning stages. |
| GO:0007093 | | mitotic cell cycle checkpoint | | A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. |
| GO:0032943 | | mononuclear cell proliferation | | The expansion of a mononuclear cell population by cell division. A mononuclear cell is a leukocyte with a single non-segmented nucleus in the mature form. |
| GO:0001763 | | morphogenesis of a branching structure | | The process in which the anatomical structures of branches are generated and organized. A branch is a division or offshoot from a main stem. Examples in animals would include blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics and other endothelial or epithelial tubes. |
| GO:0042552 | | myelination | | The process in which myelin sheaths are formed and maintained around neurons. Oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system wrap axons with compact layers of their plasma membrane. Adjacent myelin segments are separated by a non-myelinated stretch of axon called a node of Ranvier. |
| GO:0043011 | | myeloid dendritic cell differentiation | | The process in which a monocyte acquires the specialized features of a dendritic cell, an immunocompetent cell of the lymphoid and hemopoietic systems and skin. |
| GO:0008156 | | negative regulation of DNA replication | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
| GO:0050868 | | negative regulation of T cell activation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. |
| GO:0042130 | | negative regulation of T cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of T cell proliferation. |
| GO:0043537 | | negative regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. |
| GO:0045786 | | negative regulation of cell cycle | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
| GO:0045596 | | negative regulation of cell differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation. |
| GO:0030308 | | negative regulation of cell growth | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. |
| GO:0008285 | | negative regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0022408 | | negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell adhesion to another cell. |
| GO:0050680 | | negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| GO:0010716 | | negative regulation of extracellular matrix disassembly | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of extracellular matrix disassembly. Extracellular matrix disassembly is a process that results in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix. |
| GO:0045599 | | negative regulation of fat cell differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of adipocyte differentiation. |
| GO:0010629 | | negative regulation of gene expression | | Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0060965 | | negative regulation of gene silencing by miRNA | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the downregulation of gene expression through the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-24 nucleotide small RNAs processed from stem-loop RNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Once incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), miRNAs can downregulate gene expression by either of two posttranscriptional mechanisms: mRNA cleavage or translational repression. |
| GO:1900126 | | negative regulation of hyaluronan biosynthetic process | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of hyaluronan biosynthetic process. |
| GO:0050777 | | negative regulation of immune response | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. |
| GO:0032700 | | negative regulation of interleukin-17 production | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines. |
| GO:0010936 | | negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production | | Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of macrophage cytokine production. Macrophage cytokine production is the appearance of a chemokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. |
| GO:0045930 | | negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| GO:0045662 | | negative regulation of myoblast differentiation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| GO:0007406 | | negative regulation of neuroblast proliferation | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the proliferation of neuroblasts. |
| GO:0030279 | | negative regulation of ossification | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. |
| GO:0050765 | | negative regulation of phagocytosis | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. |
| GO:1903799 | | negative regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA. |
| GO:1903077 | | negative regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to plasma membrane. |
| GO:0001933 | | negative regulation of protein phosphorylation | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| GO:0051280 | | negative regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| GO:0048642 | | negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of skeletal muscle tissue development. |
| GO:0000122 | | negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0045892 | | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0030512 | | negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. |
| GO:0014003 | | oligodendrocyte development | | The process aimed at the progression of an oligodendrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons in the central nervous system. |
| GO:0043932 | | ossification involved in bone remodeling | | The formation or growth of bone or of a bony substance, or the conversion of fibrous tissue or of cartilage into bone, involved in response to injury or other physical, physiological or environmental stress stimuli. |
| GO:0060389 | | pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor. |
| GO:0006796 | | phosphate-containing compound metabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways involving the phosphate group, the anion or salt of any phosphoric acid. |
| GO:0002576 | | platelet degranulation | | The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet. |
| GO:0043406 | | positive regulation of MAP kinase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of MAP kinase activity. |
| GO:1901666 | | positive regulation of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of NAD+ ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. |
| GO:0051092 | | positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. |
| GO:0060391 | | positive regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. |
| GO:0043065 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0043536 | | positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the migration of the endothelial cells of blood vessels. |
| GO:0030501 | | positive regulation of bone mineralization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. |
| GO:0090190 | | positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis, the process in which the branching structure of the ureteric bud is generated and organized. The ureteric bud is an epithelial tube that grows out from the metanephric duct. The bud elongates and branches to give rise to the ureter and kidney collecting tubules. |
| GO:2000727 | | positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell differentiation. |
| GO:0071158 | | positive regulation of cell cycle arrest | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell cycle arrest, the process in which the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases. |
| GO:0051781 | | positive regulation of cell division | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell division. |
| GO:0030335 | | positive regulation of cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0032270 | | positive regulation of cellular protein metabolic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving a protein, occurring at the level of an individual cell. |
| GO:0050921 | | positive regulation of chemotaxis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a specific chemical concentration gradient. |
| GO:0032967 | | positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of collagen, any of a group of fibrous proteins of very high tensile strength that form the main component of connective tissue in animals. |
| GO:0050679 | | positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation. |
| GO:0010718 | | positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell. |
| GO:0031536 | | positive regulation of exit from mitosis | | Any process that activates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity). |
| GO:1901203 | | positive regulation of extracellular matrix assembly | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly. |
| GO:0010763 | | positive regulation of fibroblast migration | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of fibroblast cell migration. Fibroblast cell migration is accomplished by extension and retraction of a pseudopodium. |
| GO:0048146 | | positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of multiplication or reproduction of fibroblast cells. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0035066 | | positive regulation of histone acetylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of an acetyl group to a histone protein. |
| GO:0031065 | | positive regulation of histone deacetylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the removal of acetyl groups from histones. |
| GO:0032740 | | positive regulation of interleukin-17 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of any member of the interleukin-17 family of cytokines. |
| GO:0048298 | | positive regulation of isotype switching to IgA isotypes | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of isotype switching to IgA isotypes. |
| GO:0042482 | | positive regulation of odontogenesis | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the formation and development of a tooth or teeth. |
| GO:0010862 | | positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. |
| GO:0033138 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine. |
| GO:0010800 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation. Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation is the phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine. |
| GO:0050731 | | positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-tyrosine. |
| GO:0043552 | | positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. |
| GO:0031334 | | positive regulation of protein complex assembly | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein complex assembly. |
| GO:0035307 | | positive regulation of protein dephosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of removal of phosphate groups from a protein. |
| GO:0042307 | | positive regulation of protein import into nucleus | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. |
| GO:0051897 | | positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B. |
| GO:1900182 | | positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to nucleus. |
| GO:0001934 | | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein. |
| GO:0050714 | | positive regulation of protein secretion | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the controlled release of a protein from a cell. |
| GO:1903911 | | positive regulation of receptor clustering | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor clustering. |
| GO:0045591 | | positive regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells. |
| GO:0051152 | | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell differentiation. |
| GO:0032930 | | positive regulation of superoxide anion generation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of enzymatic generation of superoxide by a cell. |
| GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:2000679 | | positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription regulatory region DNA binding. |
| GO:0045893 | | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0010575 | | positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production | | Any process that increases or activates the frequency, rate, or extent of production of vascular endothelial growth factor. |
| GO:0043117 | | positive regulation of vascular permeability | | Any process that increases the extent to which blood vessels can be pervaded by fluid. |
| GO:0006611 | | protein export from nucleus | | The directed movement of a protein from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. |
| GO:0000060 | | protein import into nucleus, translocation | | A protein transport process that contributes to protein import into the nucleus, and that results in the vectorial transfer of a cargo-carrier protein complex through the nuclear pore complex from the cytoplasmic side to the nucleoplasmic side of the nuclear envelope. |
| GO:0043491 | | protein kinase B signaling | | A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound. |
| GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| GO:0032801 | | receptor catabolic process | | The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function. |
| GO:0051101 | | regulation of DNA binding | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA binding. DNA binding is any process in which a gene product interacts selectively with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| GO:0060390 | | regulation of SMAD protein import into nucleus | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of SMAD protein import into the nucleus, i.e. the directed movement of a SMAD proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. |
| GO:2000249 | | regulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of actin cytoskeleton reorganization. |
| GO:0042981 | | regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0051098 | | regulation of binding | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of binding, the selective interaction of a molecule with one or more specific sites on another molecule. |
| GO:0060312 | | regulation of blood vessel remodeling | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of blood vessel remodeling, the reorganization or renovation of existing blood vessels. |
| GO:0060762 | | regulation of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of branching involved in mammary gland duct morphogenesis. |
| GO:0061035 | | regulation of cartilage development | | Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of cartilage development, the process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cartilage over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Cartilage is a connective tissue dominated by extracellular matrix containing collagen type II and large amounts of proteoglycan, particularly chondroitin sulfate. |
| GO:0030334 | | regulation of cell migration | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0042127 | | regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:1905005 | | regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation. |
| GO:0010468 | | regulation of gene expression | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:0032667 | | regulation of interleukin-23 production | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-23 production. |
| GO:0042306 | | regulation of protein import into nucleus | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of movement of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. |
| GO:0045589 | | regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of differentiation of regulatory T cells. |
| GO:0002028 | | regulation of sodium ion transport | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0016202 | | regulation of striated muscle tissue development | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of striated muscle development. |
| GO:0017015 | | regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of activity of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway. |
| GO:0045066 | | regulatory T cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized T cell acquires specialized features of a regulatory T cell. Regulatory T cells control or suppress immune responses through a variety of mechanisms and subsets include the CD4+CD25+ cell type as well as certain CD8+ cell types. |
| GO:0070723 | | response to cholesterol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cholesterol stimulus. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0032355 | | response to estradiol | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen. |
| GO:0009749 | | response to glucose | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
| GO:0001666 | | response to hypoxia | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level. |
| GO:0034616 | | response to laminar fluid shear stress | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a laminar fluid shear stress stimulus. Laminar fluid flow is the force acting on an object in a system where the fluid is moving across a solid surface in parallel layers. As an example, laminar shear stress can be seen where blood flows against the luminal side of blood vessel walls. |
| GO:0014070 | | response to organic cyclic compound | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus. |
| GO:0010033 | | response to organic substance | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. |
| GO:0032570 | | response to progesterone | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a progesterone stimulus. |
| GO:0009314 | | response to radiation | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. |
| GO:0033280 | | response to vitamin D | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus. |
| GO:0009611 | | response to wounding | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. |
| GO:0007435 | | salivary gland morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the salivary gland are generated and organized. |
| GO:0002513 | | tolerance induction to self antigen | | Tolerance induction directed at self antigens. |
| GO:0007179 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0001657 | | ureteric bud development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the ureteric bud over time, from its formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0042060 | | wound healing | | The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005796 | | Golgi lumen | | The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna or subcompartment of the Golgi apparatus, including the cis- and trans-Golgi networks. |
| GO:0030424 | | axon | | The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter. |
| GO:0072562 | | blood microparticle | | A phospholipid microvesicle that is derived from any of several cell types, such as platelets, blood cells, endothelial cells, or others, and contains membrane receptors as well as other proteins characteristic of the parental cell. Microparticles are heterogeneous in size, and are characterized as microvesicles free of nucleic acids. |
| GO:0009986 | | cell surface | | The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:0005902 | | microvillus | | Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells. |
| GO:0043025 | | neuronal cell body | | The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0031093 | | platelet alpha granule lumen | | The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule. |
| GO:0005578 | | proteinaceous extracellular matrix | | A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. An example of this component is found in Mus musculus. |
| GO:0030141 | | secretory granule | | A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. |