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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE PTEN TUMOR SUPPRESSOR
 
Authors :  J. O. Lee, H. Yang, M. -M. Georgescu, A. Di Cristofano, N. P. Pavletich
Date :  11 Oct 99  (Deposition) - 04 Nov 99  (Release) - 24 Feb 16  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.10
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A
Keywords :  C2 Domain, Phosphotidylinositol, Phosphatase, Hydrolase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  J. O. Lee, H. Yang, M. M. Georgescu, A. Di Cristofano, T. Maehama, Y. Shi, J. E. Dixon, P. Pandolfi, N. P. Pavletich
Crystal Structure Of The Pten Tumor Suppressor: Implication For Its Phosphoinositide Phosphatase Activity And Membrane Association.
Cell(Cambridge, Mass. ) V. 99 323 1999
PubMed-ID: 10555148  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81663-3

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - PHOSPHOINOSITIDE PHOSPHATASE PTEN
    ChainsA
    EC Number3.1.3.48
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemTRICHOPLUSIA NI
    Expression System Cell LineHIGH FIVE
    Expression System CommonCABBAGE LOOPER
    Expression System PlasmidPVL1393
    Expression System Taxid7111
    Expression System VectorBACULOVIRUS
    FragmentRESIDUES 7-353
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
Asymmetric/Biological Unit A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1TLA1Ligand/IonL(+)-TARTARIC ACID

(-) Sites  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREASP A:92 , HIS A:93 , CYS A:124 , LYS A:125 , ALA A:126 , GLY A:129 , ARG A:130 , GLN A:171 , HOH A:1381 , HOH A:1439BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE TLA A 1352

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1D5R)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1D5R)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (72, 72)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (72, 72)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
01UniProtVAR_007457R15SPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AR15S
02UniProtVAR_026249Y16CPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AY16C
03UniProtVAR_018100D19NPTEN_HUMANUnclassified121909233AD19N
04UniProtVAR_026250G20EPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AG20E
05UniProtVAR_026251Y27SPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AY27S
06UniProtVAR_008734A34DPTEN_HUMANDisease (BRRS)  ---AA34D
07UniProtVAR_008036M35RPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)121909225AM35R
08UniProtVAR_007458G36EPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AG36E
09UniProtVAR_026252G36RPTEN_HUMANPolymorphism786204854AG36R
10UniProtVAR_007459L42RPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AL42R
11UniProtVAR_011587R47GPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)786204855AR47G
12UniProtVAR_007460L57WPTEN_HUMANUnclassified786202398AL57W
13UniProtVAR_018101H61DPTEN_HUMANPolymorphism121909236AH61D
14UniProtVAR_026253H61RPTEN_HUMANPolymorphism398123316AH61R
15UniProtVAR_007461I67RPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AI67R
16UniProtVAR_007462Y68HPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)398123317AY68H
17UniProtVAR_018102L70PPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)121909226AL70P
18UniProtVAR_026254C71YPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AC71Y
19UniProtVAR_032634H93RPTEN_HUMANDisease (MCEPHAS)121909238AH93R
20UniProtVAR_026255H93YPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AH93Y
21UniProtVAR_026256C105FPTEN_HUMANDisease (BRRS)  ---AC105F
22UniProtVAR_008735C105YPTEN_HUMANDisease (BRRS)587782343AC105Y
23UniProtVAR_026257D107YPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AD107Y
24UniProtVAR_007807L112PPTEN_HUMANDisease (LDD)121909230AL112P
25UniProtVAR_026258L112RPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AL112R
26UniProtVAR_011588V119LPTEN_HUMANUnclassified139767111AV119L
27UniProtVAR_018103A121GPTEN_HUMANDisease (HNSCC)121909237AA121G
28UniProtVAR_026259A121PPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AA121P
29UniProtVAR_007463H123RPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)121909222AH123R
30UniProtVAR_026260H123YPTEN_HUMANDisease (ENDMC)786204931AH123Y
31UniProtVAR_007464C124RPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)121909223AC124R
32UniProtVAR_018104C124SPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AC124S
33UniProtVAR_076551A126GPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AA126G
34UniProtVAR_007465G129EPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)121909218AG129E
35UniProtVAR_007466G129RPTEN_HUMANUnclassified786204929AG129R
36UniProtVAR_026261R130GPTEN_HUMANPolymorphism121909224AR130G
37UniProtVAR_007467R130LPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AR130L
38UniProtVAR_007468R130QPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)121909229AR130Q
39UniProtVAR_076762T131IPTEN_HUMANDisease (MCEPHAS)397514560AT131I
40UniProtVAR_032635G132VPTEN_HUMANUnclassified121909241AG132V
41UniProtVAR_026262V133IPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AV133I
42UniProtVAR_007469M134LPTEN_HUMANDisease (PC)  ---AM134L
43UniProtVAR_008736I135VPTEN_HUMANDisease (BRRS)587782360AI135V
44UniProtVAR_007808C136YPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)786204859AC136Y
45UniProtVAR_026263Y155CPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AY155C
46UniProtVAR_011589V158LPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AV158L
47UniProtVAR_008739G165EPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AG165E
48UniProtVAR_026264G165RPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AG165R
49UniProtVAR_008738G165VPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)786204863AG165V
50UniProtVAR_076763T167NPTEN_HUMANDisease (MCEPHAS)397514559AT167N
51UniProtVAR_026265T167PPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AT167P
52UniProtVAR_026266S170NPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AS170N
53UniProtVAR_007470S170RPTEN_HUMANDisease (BRRS)121909221AS170R
54UniProtVAR_026267R173CPTEN_HUMANPolymorphism121913293AR173C
55UniProtVAR_026268R173HPTEN_HUMANPolymorphism121913294AR173H
56UniProtVAR_026269R173PPTEN_HUMANPolymorphism121913294AR173P
57UniProtVAR_026270Y174NPTEN_HUMANPolymorphism587782316AY174N
58UniProtVAR_026271V191APTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AV191A
59UniProtVAR_018105V217IPTEN_HUMANUnclassified121909234AV217I
60UniProtVAR_026272S227FPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AS227F
61UniProtVAR_018106R234QPTEN_HUMANDisease (GLM2)121909235AR234Q
62UniProtVAR_032636F241SPTEN_HUMANDisease (MCEPHAS)121909240AF241S
63UniProtVAR_008740P246LPTEN_HUMANDisease (BRRS)587782350AP246L
64UniProtVAR_026273G251CPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AG251C
65UniProtVAR_032637D252GPTEN_HUMANDisease (MCEPHAS)121909239AD252G
66UniProtVAR_026275D331GPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AD331G
67UniProtVAR_026276F341VPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AF341V
68UniProtVAR_026277K342NPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)398123314AK342N
69UniProtVAR_008742V343EPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AV343E
70UniProtVAR_026278L345QPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AL345Q
71UniProtVAR_008743F347LPTEN_HUMANDisease (CWS1)  ---AF347L
72UniProtVAR_026279T348IPTEN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AT348I

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1PPASE_TENSINPS51181 Phosphatase tensin-type domain profile.PTEN_HUMAN14-185  1A:14-185
2C2_TENSINPS51182 C2 tensin-type domain profile.PTEN_HUMAN190-350  1A:190-350

(-) Exons   (9, 9)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (9, 9)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000003719531aENSE00001456562chr10:89622870-896243051436PTEN_HUMAN1-27271A:14-2714
1.3aENST000003719533aENSE00001156351chr10:89653782-8965386685PTEN_HUMAN27-55291A:27-5529
1.4aENST000003719534aENSE00001156344chr10:89685270-8968531445PTEN_HUMAN55-70161A:55-7016
1.5ENST000003719535ENSE00001156337chr10:89690803-8969084644PTEN_HUMAN70-85161A:70-8516
1.6aENST000003719536aENSE00001156330chr10:89692770-89693008239PTEN_HUMAN85-164801A:85-16480
1.7aENST000003719537aENSE00001156327chr10:89711875-89712016142PTEN_HUMAN165-212481A:165-21248
1.8ENST000003719538ENSE00001156321chr10:89717610-89717776167PTEN_HUMAN212-267561A:212-26756
1.9aENST000003719539aENSE00001156315chr10:89720651-89720875225PTEN_HUMAN268-342751A:268-342 (gaps)75
1.10ENST0000037195310ENSE00001456541chr10:89725044-897316876644PTEN_HUMAN343-403611A:343-3519

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:307
 aligned with PTEN_HUMAN | P60484 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:403

    Alignment length:338
                                    23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333       343        
           PTEN_HUMAN    14 RRYQEDGFDLDLTYIYPNIIAMGFPAERLEGVYRNNIDDVVRFLDSKHKNHYKIYNLCAERHYDTAKFNCRVAQYPFEDHNPPQLELIKPFCEDLDQWLSEDDNHVAAIHCKAGKGRTGVMICAYLLHRGKFLKAQEALDFYGEVRTRDKKGVTIPSQRRYVYYYSYLLKNHLDYRPVALLFHKMMFETIPMFSGGTCNPQFVVCQLKVKIYSSNSGPTRREDKFMYFEFPQPLPVCGDIKVEFFHKQNKMLKKDKMFHFWVNTFFIPGPEETSEKVENGSLCDQEIDSICSIERADNDKEYLVLTLTKNDLDKANKDKANRYFSPNFKVKLYFTKTV 351
               SCOP domains d1d5ra2 A:14-187 Phoshphoinositide phosphatase Pten (Pten tumor suppressor), N-terminal domain                                                                                d1d5ra1 A:188-351 Pten tumor suppressor (Phoshphoinositide phosphatase), C-terminal domain                                                                           SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1d5rA01 A:14-187 Protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily                                                                                                                     1d5rA02 A:188-351  [code=2.60.40.1110, no name defined]                                                                                                              CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...........eeeee..eeee.............hhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeeee.............eeeeee......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....eeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeeeeeee............eeeeeee..eeeee......eee..eeeeeeeeeeeee.eeeeeeee........eeeeeeeee.hhh.-------------------------------...eeeeee.hhh.hhhhh..........eeeeeeee.. Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) -SC--NE------S------DRE-----R----G---------W---D-----RH-PY---------------------R-----------F-Y----P------L-G-RR-G--EGIVILVY------------------C--L------E-N--N--CN----------------A-------------------------I---------F------Q------S----L----CG------------------------------------------------------------------------------G---------VNE-Q-LI--- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) ----------------------R------------------------R-------------------------------Y-----------Y------R--------P-YS----RL----------------------------------R-P--R--H---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
             SAPs(SNPs) (3) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Q----------------------------------V-------P---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (3)
                    PROSITE PPASE_TENSIN  PDB: A:14-185 UniProt: 14-185                                                                                                                                 ----C2_TENSIN  PDB: A:190-350 UniProt: 190-350                                                                                                                       - PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1a     ---------------------------Exon 1.4a       --------------Exon 1.6a  PDB: A:85-164 UniProt: 85-164                                        Exon 1.7a  PDB: A:165-212 UniProt: 165-212      -------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9a  PDB: A:268-342 (gaps) UniProt: 268-342                          Exon 1.10 Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -------------Exon 1.3a  PDB: A:27-55      --------------Exon 1.5        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: A:212-267 UniProt: 212-267               ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Transcript 1 (2)
                 1d5r A  14 RRYQEDGFDLDLTYIYPNIIAMGFPAERLEGVYRNNIDDVVRFLDSKHKNHYKIYNLCAERHYDTAKFNCRVAQYPFEDHNPPQLELIKPFCEDLDQWLSEDDNHVAAIHCKAGKGRTGVMICAYLLHRGKFLKAQEALDFYGEVRTRDKKGVTIPSQRRYVYYYSYLLKNHLDYRPVALLFHKMMFETIPMFSGGTCNPQFVVCQLKVKIYSSNSGPTRREDKFMYFEFPQPLPVCGDIKVEFFHKQNKMLKKDKMFHFWVNTFFIP-------------------------------KEYLVLTLTKNDLDKANKDKANRYFSPNFKVKLYFTKTV 351
                                    23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       | -         -         -       313       323       333       343        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     281                             313                                      

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)
(-)
Class: Mainly Beta (13760)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1D5R)

(-) Gene Ontology  (138, 138)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (PTEN_HUMAN | P60484)
molecular function
    GO:0030165    PDZ domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a PDZ domain of a protein, a domain found in diverse signaling proteins.
    GO:0010997    anaphase-promoting complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an anaphase-promoting complex. A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0016787    hydrolase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of various bonds, e.g. C-O, C-N, C-C, phosphoric anhydride bonds, etc. Hydrolase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 3.
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0051717    inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate + H2O = inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate + phosphate.
    GO:0008289    lipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
    GO:0000287    magnesium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with magnesium (Mg) ions.
    GO:0016791    phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the hydrolysis of phosphoric monoesters, releasing inorganic phosphate.
    GO:0016314    phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate + phosphate.
    GO:0051800    phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate + H2O = phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate + phosphate.
    GO:0004438    phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O = 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphate.
    GO:0004721    phosphoprotein phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: a phosphoprotein + H2O = a protein + phosphate. Together with protein kinases, these enzymes control the state of phosphorylation of cell proteins and thereby provide an important mechanism for regulating cellular activity.
    GO:0005161    platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0019901    protein kinase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate.
    GO:0004722    protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: protein serine phosphate + H2O = protein serine + phosphate, and protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate.
    GO:0004725    protein tyrosine phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
    GO:0008138    protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity    Catalysis of the reactions: protein serine + H2O = protein serine + phosphate; protein threonine phosphate + H2O = protein threonine + phosphate; and protein tyrosine phosphate + H2O = protein tyrosine + phosphate.
biological process
    GO:0050852    T cell receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the cross-linking of an antigen receptor on a T cell.
    GO:0030534    adult behavior    Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.
    GO:0007568    aging    A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
    GO:0001525    angiogenesis    Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
    GO:0006915    apoptotic process    A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died.
    GO:0048854    brain morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the brain are generated and organized. The brain is one of the two components of the central nervous system and is the center of thought and emotion. It is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
    GO:0060070    canonical Wnt signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes. In this pathway, the activated receptor signals via downstream effectors that result in the inhibition of beta-catenin phosphorylation, thereby preventing degradation of beta-catenin. Stabilized beta-catenin can then accumulate and travel to the nucleus to trigger changes in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0048738    cardiac muscle tissue development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of cardiac muscle over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0016477    cell migration    The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Cell migration is a central process in the development and maintenance of multicellular organisms.
    GO:0008283    cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0036294    cellular response to decreased oxygen levels    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting a decline in the level of oxygen.
    GO:0071456    cellular response to hypoxia    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating lowered oxygen tension. Hypoxia, defined as a decline in O2 levels below normoxic levels of 20.8 - 20.95%, results in metabolic adaptation at both the cellular and organismal level.
    GO:0007417    central nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain and spinal cord. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord.
    GO:0032286    central nervous system myelin maintenance    The process in which the structure and material content of mature central nervous system myelin is kept in a functional state.
    GO:0021955    central nervous system neuron axonogenesis    Generation of a long process from a neuron whose cell body resides in the central nervous system. The process carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells.
    GO:0060997    dendritic spine morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
    GO:0021542    dentate gyrus development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the dentate gyrus over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The dentate gyrus is one of two interlocking gyri of the hippocampus. It contains granule cells, which project to the pyramidal cells and interneurons of the CA3 region of the ammon gyrus.
    GO:0016311    dephosphorylation    The process of removing one or more phosphoric (ester or anhydride) residues from a molecule.
    GO:0043542    endothelial cell migration    The orderly movement of an endothelial cell into the extracellular matrix to form an endothelium.
    GO:0048853    forebrain morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the forebrain are generated and organized. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
    GO:0007507    heart development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0046855    inositol phosphate dephosphorylation    The process of removing a phosphate group from any mono- or polyphosphorylated inositol.
    GO:0043647    inositol phosphate metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving inositol phosphate, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, with one or more phosphate groups attached.
    GO:0007611    learning or memory    The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time.
    GO:0006629    lipid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, compounds soluble in an organic solvent but not, or sparingly, in an aqueous solvent. Includes fatty acids; neutral fats, other fatty-acid esters, and soaps; long-chain (fatty) alcohols and waxes; sphingoids and other long-chain bases; glycolipids, phospholipids and sphingolipids; and carotenes, polyprenols, sterols, terpenes and other isoprenoids.
    GO:0045475    locomotor rhythm    The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.
    GO:0007626    locomotory behavior    The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.
    GO:0060292    long term synaptic depression    A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the decrease in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
    GO:0060291    long-term synaptic potentiation    A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
    GO:0060179    male mating behavior    The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction.
    GO:0042711    maternal behavior    Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring.
    GO:0007613    memory    The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).
    GO:0033555    multicellular organismal response to stress    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).
    GO:0070373    negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:2000134    negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle    Any cell cycle regulatory process that prevents the commitment of a cell from G1 to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0050771    negative regulation of axonogenesis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of axonogenesis.
    GO:0090344    negative regulation of cell aging    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of cell aging. Cell aging is the progression of the cell from its inception to the end of its lifespan.
    GO:0030336    negative regulation of cell migration    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0045792    negative regulation of cell size    Any process that reduces cell size.
    GO:0031658    negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity contributing to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
    GO:0061002    negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of dendritic spine morphogenesis, the process in which the anatomical structures of a dendritic spine are generated and organized. A dendritic spine is a protrusion from a dendrite and a specialized subcellular compartment involved in synaptic transmission.
    GO:0050680    negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0090394    negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential    Any process that prevents the establishment or decreases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
    GO:0051895    negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of focal adhesion assembly, the establishment and maturation of focal adhesions.
    GO:0031642    negative regulation of myelination    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a myelin sheath around nerve axons.
    GO:0046621    negative regulation of organ growth    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of growth of an organ of an organism.
    GO:0050765    negative regulation of phagocytosis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis.
    GO:0014067    negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
    GO:0051898    negative regulation of protein kinase B signaling    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein kinase B signaling, a series of reactions mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B.
    GO:0001933    negative regulation of protein phosphorylation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate of addition of phosphate groups to amino acids within a protein.
    GO:0090071    negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is the cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of ribosome subunits.
    GO:2000808    negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle clustering.
    GO:0007399    nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0031175    neuron projection development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
    GO:0007270    neuron-neuron synaptic transmission    The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse.
    GO:0035335    peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation    The removal of phosphoric residues from peptidyl-O-phospho-tyrosine to form peptidyl-tyrosine.
    GO:0006661    phosphatidylinositol biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of phosphatidylinositol, any glycophospholipid in which the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate residue is esterified to the 1-hydroxyl group of 1D-myo-inositol.
    GO:0046856    phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation    The process of removing one or more phosphate groups from a phosphatidylinositol.
    GO:0048015    phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling    A series of molecular signals in which a cell uses a phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling to convert a signal into a response. Phosphatidylinositols include phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives.
    GO:0048008    platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
    GO:0070374    positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the ERK1 and ERK2 cascade.
    GO:1903984    positive regulation of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of TRAIL-activated apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:2001235    positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of apoptotic signaling pathway.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:2000463    positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential    Any process that enhances the establishment or increases the extent of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) which is a temporary increase in postsynaptic potential due to the flow of positively charged ions into the postsynaptic cell. The flow of ions that causes an EPSP is an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) and makes it easier for the neuron to fire an action potential.
    GO:2000060    positive regulation of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein ubiquitination involved in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process.
    GO:0051091    positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of a transcription factor, any factor involved in the initiation or regulation of transcription.
    GO:1904668    positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin protein ligase activity.
    GO:0097107    postsynaptic density assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a postsynaptic density, a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse.
    GO:0060134    prepulse inhibition    The process in which a startle magnitude is reduced when the startling stimulus is preceded by a low-intensity prepulse.
    GO:0097105    presynaptic membrane assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a presynaptic membrane, including any proteins associated with the membrane, but excluding other cellular components. A presynaptic membrane is a specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction.
    GO:0060736    prostate gland growth    The increase in size or mass of the prostate gland where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the gland, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0006470    protein dephosphorylation    The process of removing one or more phosphoric residues from a protein.
    GO:0043491    protein kinase B signaling    A series of reactions, mediated by the intracellular serine/threonine kinase protein kinase B (also called AKT), which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
    GO:0050821    protein stabilization    Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation.
    GO:0002902    regulation of B cell apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of B cell apoptotic process.
    GO:0048679    regulation of axon regeneration    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of axon regeneration.
    GO:0051726    regulation of cell cycle    Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0032535    regulation of cellular component size    A process that modulates the size of a cellular component.
    GO:0060341    regulation of cellular localization    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity is transported to, or maintained in a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell.
    GO:0000079    regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity.
    GO:0033032    regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process.
    GO:0010975    regulation of neuron projection development    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
    GO:0031647    regulation of protein stability    Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation.
    GO:0032228    regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of GABAergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
    GO:0033198    response to ATP    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) stimulus.
    GO:0046685    response to arsenic-containing substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an arsenic stimulus from compounds containing arsenic, including arsenates, arsenites, and arsenides.
    GO:0042493    response to drug    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
    GO:0032355    response to estradiol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
    GO:0045471    response to ethanol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an ethanol stimulus.
    GO:0009749    response to glucose    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus.
    GO:0010035    response to inorganic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an inorganic substance stimulus.
    GO:0007584    response to nutrient    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus.
    GO:0014070    response to organic cyclic compound    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic cyclic compound stimulus.
    GO:0010033    response to organic substance    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus.
    GO:0010043    response to zinc ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a zinc ion stimulus.
    GO:0060024    rhythmic synaptic transmission    Any process involved in the generation of rhythmic, synchronous synaptic inputs in a neural circuit.
    GO:0035176    social behavior    Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group.
    GO:0007416    synapse assembly    The aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a synapse. This process ends when the synapse is mature (functional).
    GO:0060074    synapse maturation    The process that organizes a synapse so that it attains its fully functional state. Synaptic maturation plays a critical role in the establishment of effective synaptic connections in early development.
cellular component
    GO:0016605    PML body    A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.
    GO:0043220    Schmidt-Lanterman incisure    Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman incisures occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
    GO:0016324    apical plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
    GO:0042995    cell projection    A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0009898    cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane    The leaflet the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm and any proteins embedded or anchored in it or attached to its surface.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0043197    dendritic spine    A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005739    mitochondrion    A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
    GO:0035749    myelin sheath adaxonal region    The region of the myelin sheath nearest to the axon.
    GO:0043005    neuron projection    A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0045211    postsynaptic membrane    A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.

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        PTEN_HUMAN | P604842kyl 4o1v 5bug 5bzx 5bzz

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