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(-) Description

Title :  STRUCTURAL BASIS OF RAB EFFECTOR SPECIFICITY: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE SMALL G PROTEIN RAB3A COMPLEXED WITH THE EFFECTOR DOMAIN OF RABPHILIN-3A
 
Authors :  C. Ostermeier, A. T. Brunger
Date :  06 Nov 98  (Deposition) - 02 Apr 99  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.60
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  A,B  (2x)
Keywords :  G Protein, Effector, Rabcdr, Synaptic Exocytosis, Rab Protein, Rab3A, Rabphilin (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  C. Ostermeier, A. T. Brunger
Structural Basis Of Rab Effector Specificity: Crystal Structure Of The Small G Protein Rab3A Complexed With The Effector Domain Of Rabphilin-3A.
Cell(Cambridge, Mass. ) V. 96 363 1999
PubMed-ID: 10025402  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80549-8
(for further references see the PDB file header)

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - RABPHILIN-3A
    Cellular LocationSYNAPTIC VESICLES
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System Cellular LocationCYTOPLASM
    Expression System PlasmidPET28A
    Expression System StrainBL21
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Variant(DE3)
    Fragment19-217
    MutationYES
    OrganBRAIN
    Organism CommonNORWAY RAT
    Organism ScientificRATTUS NORVEGICUS
    Organism Taxid10116
    SynonymRAS-RELATED PROTEIN RAB-3A
    TissueNEURONS
 
Molecule 2 - RABPHILIN-3A
    Cellular LocationSYNAPTIC VESICLES
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI BL21(DE3)
    Expression System Cellular LocationCYTOPLASM
    Expression System PlasmidPET15B
    Expression System StrainBL21
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Variant(DE3)
    Fragment40-170, EFFECTOR DOMAIN
    MutationYES
    OrganBRAIN
    Organism CommonNORWAY RAT
    Organism ScientificRATTUS NORVEGICUS
    Organism Taxid10116
    Other DetailsCOMPLEXED WITH GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
    SynonymRAS-RELATED PROTEIN RAB-3A
    TissueNEURONS

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (1x)AB
Biological Unit 2 (2x)AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (4, 15)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 15)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GTP1Ligand/IonGUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
2MG1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
3MSE11Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
4ZN2Ligand/IonZINC ION
Biological Unit 1 (2, 12)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GTP1Ligand/IonGUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
2MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
3MSE11Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
4ZN-1Ligand/IonZINC ION
Biological Unit 2 (2, 24)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GTP2Ligand/IonGUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
2MG-1Ligand/IonMAGNESIUM ION
3MSE22Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
4ZN-1Ligand/IonZINC ION

(-) Sites  (6, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (6, 6)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARECYS B:111 , CYS B:114 , CYS B:137 , CYS B:140BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN B 300
2AC2SOFTWARECYS B:94 , CYS B:97 , CYS B:119 , CYS B:122BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ZN B 301
3AC3SOFTWARETHR A:36 , THR A:54 , GTP A:303BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG A 302
4AC4SOFTWAREASN A:30 , SER A:31 , SER A:32 , VAL A:33 , GLY A:34 , LYS A:35 , THR A:36 , SER A:37 , THR A:48 , PRO A:49 , ALA A:50 , PHE A:51 , SER A:53 , THR A:54 , GLY A:80 , ASN A:135 , LYS A:136 , ASP A:138 , MSE A:139 , SER A:165 , ALA A:166 , LYS A:167 , MG A:302BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GTP A 303
5ZN1UNKNOWNCYS B:94 , CYS B:97 , CYS B:119 , CYS B:122ZN-BINDING RESIDUES FOR ZN 301
6ZN2UNKNOWNCYS B:111 , CYS B:114 , CYS B:137 , CYS B:140ZN-BINDING RESIDUES FOR ZN 300

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1ZBD)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1ZBD)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 1ZBD)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1RABPS51419 small GTPase Rab1 family profile.RAB3A_RAT18-220  1A:19-192
2ZF_FYVEPS50178 Zinc finger FYVE/FYVE-related type profile.RP3A_RAT88-145  1B:88-145
Biological Unit 1 (2, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1RABPS51419 small GTPase Rab1 family profile.RAB3A_RAT18-220  1A:19-192
2ZF_FYVEPS50178 Zinc finger FYVE/FYVE-related type profile.RP3A_RAT88-145  1B:88-145
Biological Unit 2 (2, 4)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1RABPS51419 small GTPase Rab1 family profile.RAB3A_RAT18-220  2A:19-192
2ZF_FYVEPS50178 Zinc finger FYVE/FYVE-related type profile.RP3A_RAT88-145  2B:88-145

(-) Exons   (4, 4)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1ENSRNOT000000263911ENSRNOE00000426276chr16:19193874-19193767108RAB3A_RAT-00--
1.2bENSRNOT000000263912bENSRNOE00000188693chr16:19192725-19192498228RAB3A_RAT1-76761A:16-7661
1.5ENSRNOT000000263915ENSRNOE00000291604chr16:19192016-19191898119RAB3A_RAT77-116401A:77-11640
1.6ENSRNOT000000263916ENSRNOE00000188854chr16:19191277-19191153125RAB3A_RAT116-158431A:116-15843
1.8ENSRNOT000000263918ENSRNOE00000238253chr16:19190563-19189768796RAB3A_RAT158-220631A:158-19235

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:177
 aligned with RAB3A_RAT | P63012 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:220

    Alignment length:177
                                    25        35        45        55        65        75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       
            RAB3A_RAT    16 DQNFDYMFKILIIGNSSVGKTSFLFRYADDSFTPAFVSTVGIDFKVKTIYRNDKRIKLQIWDTAGQERYRTITTAYYRGAMGFILMYDITNEESFNAVQDWSTQIKTYSWDNAQVLLVGNKCDMEDERVVSSERGRQLADHLGFEFFEASAKDNINVKQTFERLVDVICEKMSESLD 192
               SCOP domains d1zbda_ A: Rab3a                                                                                                                                                                  SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1zbdA00 A:16-192 P-loop containing nucleotide triphosphate hydrolases                                                                                                             CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ........eeee.......hhhhhhhhh.............eeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeee......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeeee...........hhhhhhhhhhh..eeeee........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --RAB  PDB: A:19-192 UniProt: 18-220                                                                                                                                              PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.2b  PDB: A:16-76 UniProt: 1-76 [INCOMPLETE]           Exon 1.5  PDB: A:77-116 UniProt: 77-116 -----------------------------------------Exon 1.8  PDB: A:158-192            Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: A:116-158 UniProt: 116-158  ---------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 1zbd A  16 SHmFDYmFKILIIGNSSVGKTSFLFRYADDSFTPAFVSTVGIDFKVKTIYRNDKRIKLQIWDTAGLERYRTITTAYYRGAmGFILmYDITNEESFNAVQDWSTQIKTYSWDNAQVLLVGNKCDmEDERVVSSERGRQLADHLGFEFFEASAKDNINVKQTFERLVDVICEKmSESLD 192
                              |   | 25        35        45        55        65        75        85        95|    | 105       115       125       135   |   145       155       165       175       185 |     
                              |   |                                                                        96-MSE|                                   139-MSE                                         187-MSE 
                             18-MSE                                                                            101-MSE                                                                                       
                                 22-MSE                                                                                                                                                                      

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:124
 aligned with RP3A_RAT | P47709 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:684

    Alignment length:124
                                    53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163    
             RP3A_RAT    44 EELTDEEKEIINRVIARAEKMETMEQERIGRLVDRLETMRKNVAGDGVNRCILCGEQLGMLGSACVVCEDCKKNVCTKCGVETSNNRPHPVWLCKICLEQREVWKRSGAWFFKGFPKQVLPQPM 167
               SCOP domains d1zbdb_ B: Effector domain of rabphilin-3a                                                                                   SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1zbdB00 B:44-166 Zinc/RING finger domain, C3HC4 (zinc finger)                                                              - CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......................eee......eee...eee.........eeehhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhh............ Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (2) --------------------------------------------ZF_FYVE  PDB: B:88-145 UniProt: 88-145                    ---------------------- PROSITE (2)
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 1zbd B  44 EELTDEEKEIINRVIARAEKmETmEQERIGRLVDRLETmRKNVAGDGVNRCILCGEQLGmLGSASVVCEDCKKNVCTKCGVETSNNRPHPVWLCKICLEQREVWKRSGAWFFKGFPKQVLPQPm 167
                                    53        63|  |    73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163   |
                                               64-MSE            82-MSE              103-MSE                                                         167-MSE
                                                  67-MSE                                                                                                

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (2, 2)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Class: Alpha Beta (26913)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1ZBD)

(-) Gene Ontology  (69, 77)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (RAB3A_RAT | P63012)
molecular function
    GO:0001671    ATPase activator activity    Binds to and increases the ATP hydrolysis activity of an ATPase.
    GO:0051117    ATPase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.
    GO:0005525    GTP binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with GTP, guanosine triphosphate.
    GO:0003924    GTPase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: GTP + H2O = GDP + phosphate.
    GO:0051020    GTPase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a GTPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP.
    GO:0031489    myosin V binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a class V myosin; myosin V is a dimeric molecule involved in intracellular transport.
    GO:0000166    nucleotide binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
    GO:0008022    protein C-terminus binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
biological process
    GO:0032482    Rab protein signal transduction    A series of molecular signals within the cell that are mediated by a member of the Rab family of proteins switching to a GTP-bound active state.
    GO:0007409    axonogenesis    De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.
    GO:0061670    evoked neurotransmitter secretion    Neurotransmitter secretion that occurs in the presence of the action of a secretagogue or a presynaptic action potential.
    GO:0006887    exocytosis    A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.
    GO:0030324    lung development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
    GO:0048790    maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure    A process which maintains the organization and the arrangement of proteins at the active zone to ensure the fusion and docking of vesicles and the release of neurotransmitters.
    GO:0007005    mitochondrion organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a mitochondrion; includes mitochondrial morphogenesis and distribution, and replication of the mitochondrial genome as well as synthesis of new mitochondrial components.
    GO:0007274    neuromuscular synaptic transmission    The process of synaptic transmission from a neuron to a muscle, across a synapse.
    GO:0032781    positive regulation of ATPase activity    Any process that activates or increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis by an ATPase.
    GO:1903307    positive regulation of regulated secretory pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of regulated secretory pathway.
    GO:0009791    post-embryonic development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the organism over time, from the completion of embryonic development to the mature structure. See embryonic development.
    GO:0015031    protein transport    The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0017157    regulation of exocytosis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of exocytosis.
    GO:0048172    regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity    A process that modulates short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity, the ability of neuronal synapses to change in the short-term as circumstances require. Short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity generally involves increasing or decreasing synaptic sensitivity.
    GO:0031630    regulation of synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of synaptic vesicle fusion to the presynaptic membrane.
    GO:0003016    respiratory system process    A system process carried out by the organs and tissues of the respiratory system. The respiratory system is an organ system responsible for respiratory gaseous exchange.
    GO:0051602    response to electrical stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electrical stimulus.
    GO:0050975    sensory perception of touch    The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).
    GO:0007264    small GTPase mediated signal transduction    Any series of molecular signals in which a small monomeric GTPase relays one or more of the signals.
    GO:0016079    synaptic vesicle exocytosis    Fusion of intracellular membrane-bounded vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane of the neuronal cell resulting in release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
    GO:0016188    synaptic vesicle maturation    Steps required to form an initiated synaptic vesicle into a fully formed and transmissible synaptic vesicle.
    GO:0036465    synaptic vesicle recycling    The trafficking of synaptic vesicles from the pre-synaptic membrane so the vesicle can dock and prime for another round of exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Recycling occurs after synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and is necessary to replenish presynaptic vesicle pools, sustain transmitter release and preserve the structural integrity of the presynaptic membrane. Recycling can occur following transient fusion with the presynaptic membrane (kiss and run), or via endocytosis of presynaptic membrane.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
cellular component
    GO:0001669    acrosomal vesicle    A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.
    GO:0030424    axon    The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005768    endosome    A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered.
    GO:1903561    extracellular vesicle    Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region.
    GO:0043229    intracellular organelle    Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
    GO:0008021    synaptic vesicle    A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
    GO:0043195    terminal bouton    Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters. The axon terminus is considered to be the whole region of thickening and the terminal bouton is a specialized region of it.

Chain B   (RP3A_RAT | P47709)
molecular function
    GO:0017137    Rab GTPase binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with Rab protein, any member of the Rab subfamily of the Ras superfamily of monomeric GTPases.
    GO:0005509    calcium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
    GO:0005544    calcium-dependent phospholipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester, in the presence of calcium.
    GO:0030276    clathrin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a clathrin heavy or light chain, the main components of the coat of coated vesicles and coated pits, and which also occurs in synaptic vesicles.
    GO:0070679    inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate.
    GO:0008289    lipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a lipid.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0042301    phosphate ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphate.
    GO:0005546    phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.
    GO:0005543    phospholipid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phospholipids, a class of lipids containing phosphoric acid as a mono- or diester.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0032403    protein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0008430    selenium binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with selenium (Se).
    GO:0019905    syntaxin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a syntaxin, a SNAP receptor involved in the docking of synaptic vesicles at the presynaptic zone of a synapse.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0007420    brain development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
    GO:0048791    calcium ion-regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter    The release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, where the release step is dependent on a rise in cytosolic calcium ion levels.
    GO:0006886    intracellular protein transport    The directed movement of proteins in a cell, including the movement of proteins between specific compartments or structures within a cell, such as organelles of a eukaryotic cell.
    GO:0015031    protein transport    The directed movement of proteins into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0017158    regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
    GO:0006810    transport    The directed movement of substances (such as macromolecules, small molecules, ions) or cellular components (such as complexes and organelles) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, or within a multicellular organism by means of some agent such as a transporter, pore or motor protein.
    GO:0006906    vesicle fusion    Fusion of the membrane of a transport vesicle with its target membrane.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0030054    cell junction    A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0019898    extrinsic component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to one of its surfaces, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0043005    neuron projection    A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0043234    protein complex    A stable macromolecular complex composed (only) of two or more polypeptide subunits along with any covalently attached molecules (such as lipid anchors or oligosaccharide) or non-protein prosthetic groups (such as nucleotides or metal ions). Prosthetic group in this context refers to a tightly bound cofactor. The component polypeptide subunits may be identical.
    GO:0030141    secretory granule    A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
    GO:0045202    synapse    The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
    GO:0008021    synaptic vesicle    A secretory organelle, typically 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulates in high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secretes these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
    GO:0030672    synaptic vesicle membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.

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        RAB3A_RAT | P630123rab
        RP3A_RAT | P477092chd 2cm5 2cm6 3rpb 4lt7 4np9 4ns0 5lo8 5lob 5low

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