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(-)Asym./Biol. Unit
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Asym./Biol. Unit  (Jmol Viewer)

(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE ROD DOMAIN OF ALPHA-ACTININ
 
Authors :  J. Ylanne, K. Scheffzek, P. Young, M. Saraste
Date :  04 May 01  (Deposition) - 27 Jun 01  (Release) - 24 Feb 09  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.80
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,B
Keywords :  Triple-Helix Coiled Coil, Contractile Protein, Muscle, Z- Line, Actin-Binding Protein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )
 
Reference :  J. Ylanne, K. Scheffzek, P. Young, M. Saraste
Crystal Structure Of The Alpha-Actinin Rod Reveals An Extensive Torsional Twist
Structure V. 9 597 2001
PubMed-ID: 11470434  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00619-0

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - ALPHA-ACTININ 2
    Chains: A, B
    Engineered: YES
    Expression System: ESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Cellular Location: CYTOPLASM
    Expression System Plasmid: PET 8C
    Expression System Strain: BL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid: 469008
    Expression System Vector Type: PLASMID
    Fragment: SPECTRIN-LIKE REPEATS 1,2,3, AND 4 - AMINO ACIDS 274 - 746
    Organism Common: HUMAN
    Organism Scientific: HOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid: 9606
    Plasmid: PET 8C
    Synonym: ALPHA ACTININ SKELETAL MUSCLE ISOFORM 2, F-ACTIN CROSS LINKING PROTEIN
    Tissue: SKELETAL MUSCLE

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit : AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (0, 0)

(no "Ligand,Modified Residues,Ions" information available for 1HCI)

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 1HCI)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 1HCI)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 1HCI)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (4, 8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (4, 8)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_071971T495MACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)200248944A/BT495M
2UniProtVAR_071972E583AACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)200631005A/BE583A
3UniProtVAR_033487M604VACTN2_HUMANPolymorphism35997569A/BM604V
4UniProtVAR_071973E628GACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)786204951A/BE628G
  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 1HCI)

(-) Exons   (10, 20)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (10, 20)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000003665781aENSE00001442093chr1:236849808-236850099292ACTN2_HUMAN1-42420--
1.2ENST000003665782ENSE00001621874chr1:236881158-236881272115ACTN2_HUMAN43-81390--
1.3ENST000003665783ENSE00001769920chr1:236882194-236882313120ACTN2_HUMAN81-121410--
1.4ENST000003665784ENSE00001713666chr1:236883405-23688349187ACTN2_HUMAN121-150300--
1.5ENST000003665785ENSE00000550946chr1:236889233-23688932088ACTN2_HUMAN150-179300--
1.6ENST000003665786ENSE00000793525chr1:236890978-23689105679ACTN2_HUMAN179-205270--
1.7ENST000003665787ENSE00001069619chr1:236894533-23689461482ACTN2_HUMAN206-233280--
1.9ENST000003665789ENSE00001069620chr1:236898935-23689902086ACTN2_HUMAN233-261290--
1.10bENST0000036657810bENSE00000908069chr1:236900422-23690051493ACTN2_HUMAN262-292312A:272-292
B:272-292		21
21
1.11ENST0000036657811ENSE00001688862chr1:236902602-236902832231ACTN2_HUMAN293-369772A:293-369
B:293-369		77
77
1.12bENST0000036657812bENSE00000908073chr1:236906196-236906343148ACTN2_HUMAN370-419502A:370-419
B:370-419		50
50
1.13bENST0000036657813bENSE00000908075chr1:236907926-236908076151ACTN2_HUMAN419-469512A:419-469
B:419-469		51
51
1.14aENST0000036657814aENSE00000908076chr1:236910967-236911075109ACTN2_HUMAN469-505372A:469-505
B:469-505		37
37
1.16ENST0000036657816ENSE00000908079chr1:236912424-236912564141ACTN2_HUMAN506-552472A:506-552
B:506-552		47
47
1.17ENST0000036657817ENSE00000908080chr1:236914770-236914952183ACTN2_HUMAN553-613612A:553-613
B:553-613		61
61
1.18bENST0000036657818bENSE00000908082chr1:236917247-236917381135ACTN2_HUMAN614-658452A:614-658
B:614-658		45
45
1.19ENST0000036657819ENSE00001668883chr1:236918319-236918498180ACTN2_HUMAN659-718602A:659-718
B:659-718		60
60
1.20ENST0000036657820ENSE00001671667chr1:236920786-236920932147ACTN2_HUMAN719-767492A:719-746
B:719-746		28
28
1.21ENST0000036657821ENSE00000793541chr1:236923024-23692308966ACTN2_HUMAN768-789220--
1.22ENST0000036657822ENSE00000793542chr1:236924315-236924473159ACTN2_HUMAN790-842530--
1.23bENST0000036657823bENSE00001442092chr1:236925761-2369279312171ACTN2_HUMAN843-894520--

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it) 
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:475
 aligned with ACTN2_HUMAN | P35609 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:894

    Alignment length:475
                                   281       291       301       311       321       331       341       351       361       371       381       391       401       411       421       431       441       451       461       471       481       491       501       511       521       531       541       551       561       571       581       591       601       611       621       631       641       651       661       671       681       691       701       711       721       731       741     
          ACTN2_HUMAN   272 VLAVNQENERLMEEYERLASELLEWIRRTIPWLENRTPEKTMQAMQKKLEDFRDYRRKHKPPKVQEKCQLEINFNTLQTKLRISNRPAFMPSEGKMVSDIAGAWQRLEQAEKGYEEWLLNEIRRLERLEHLAEKFRQKASTHETWAYGKEQILLQKDYESASLTEVRALLRKHEAFESDLAAHQDRVEQIAAIAQELNELDYHDAVNVNDRCQKICDQWDRLGTLTQKRREALERMEKLLETIDQLHLEFAKRAAPFNNWMEGAMEDLQDMFIVHSIEEIQSLITAHEQFKATLPEADGERQSIMAIQNEVEKVIQSYNIRISSSNPYSTVTMDELRTKWDKVKQLVPIRDQSLQEELARQHANERLRRQFAAQANAIGPWIQNKMEEIARSSIQITGALEDQMNQLKQYEHNIINYKNNIDKLEGDHQLIQEALVFDNKHTNYTMEHIRVGWELLLTTIARTINEVETQILTRD 746
               SCOP domains d1hcia1 A:272-396 alpha-actinin                                                                                              d1hcia2 A:397-511 alpha-actinin                                                                                    d1hcia3 A:512-632 alpha-actinin                                                                                          d1hcia4 A:633-746 alpha-actinin                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1hciA01 A:272-397  [code=1.20.58.60, no name defined]                                                                         1hciA02 A:398-512  [code=1.20.58.60, no name defined]                                                              1hciA03 A:513-632  [code=1.20.58.60, no name defined]                                                                   1hciA04 A:633-746  [code=1.20.58.60, no name defined]                                                              CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhh..............hhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A--------------------V-----------------------G---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.10b           Exon 1.11  PDB: A:293-369 UniProt: 293-369                                   Exon 1.12b  PDB: A:370-419 UniProt: 370-419       -------------------------------------------------Exon 1.14a  PDB: A:469-505           Exon 1.16  PDB: A:506-552 UniProt: 506-552     Exon 1.17  PDB: A:553-613 UniProt: 553-613                   Exon 1.18b  PDB: A:614-658 UniProt: 614-658  Exon 1.19  PDB: A:659-718 UniProt: 659-718                  Exon 1.20  PDB: A:719-746    Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.13b  PDB: A:419-469 UniProt: 419-469        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 1hci A 272 SSAVNQENERLMEEYERLASELLEWIRRTIPWLENRTPEKTMQAMQKKLEDFRDYRRKHKPPKVQEKCQLEINFNTLQTKLRISNRPAFMPSEGKMVSDIAGAWQRLEQAEKGYEEWLLNEIRRLERLEHLAEKFRQKASTHETWAYGKEQILLQKDYESASLTEVRALLRKHEAFESDLAAHQDRVEQIAAIAQELNELDYHDAVNVNDRCQKICDQWDRLGTLTQKRREALERMEKLLETIDQLHLEFAKRAAPFNNWMEGAMEDLQDMFIVHSIEEIQSLITAHEQFKATLPEADGERQSIMAIQNEVEKVIQSYNIRISSSNPYSTVTMDELRTKWDKVKQLVPIRDQSLQEELARQHANERLRRQFAAQANAIGPWIQNKMEEIARSSIQITGALEDQMNQLKQYEHNIINYKNNIDKLEGDHQLIQEALVFDNKHTNYTMEHIRVGWELLLTTIARTINEVETQILTRD 746
                                   281       291       301       311       321       331       341       351       361       371       381       391       401       411       421       431       441       451       461       471       481       491       501       511       521       531       541       551       561       571       581       591       601       611       621       631       641       651       661       671       681       691       701       711       721       731       741     


Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:475
 aligned with ACTN2_HUMAN | P35609 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:894

    Alignment length:475
                                   281       291       301       311       321       331       341       351       361       371       381       391       401       411       421       431       441       451       461       471       481       491       501       511       521       531       541       551       561       571       581       591       601       611       621       631       641       651       661       671       681       691       701       711       721       731       741     
          ACTN2_HUMAN   272 VLAVNQENERLMEEYERLASELLEWIRRTIPWLENRTPEKTMQAMQKKLEDFRDYRRKHKPPKVQEKCQLEINFNTLQTKLRISNRPAFMPSEGKMVSDIAGAWQRLEQAEKGYEEWLLNEIRRLERLEHLAEKFRQKASTHETWAYGKEQILLQKDYESASLTEVRALLRKHEAFESDLAAHQDRVEQIAAIAQELNELDYHDAVNVNDRCQKICDQWDRLGTLTQKRREALERMEKLLETIDQLHLEFAKRAAPFNNWMEGAMEDLQDMFIVHSIEEIQSLITAHEQFKATLPEADGERQSIMAIQNEVEKVIQSYNIRISSSNPYSTVTMDELRTKWDKVKQLVPIRDQSLQEELARQHANERLRRQFAAQANAIGPWIQNKMEEIARSSIQITGALEDQMNQLKQYEHNIINYKNNIDKLEGDHQLIQEALVFDNKHTNYTMEHIRVGWELLLTTIARTINEVETQILTRD 746
               SCOP domains d1hcib1 B:272-396 alpha-actinin                                                                                              d1hcib2 B:397-511 alpha-actinin                                                                                    d1hcib3 B:512-632 alpha-actinin                                                                                          d1hcib4 B:633-746 alpha-actinin                                                                                    SCOP domains
               CATH domains 1hciB01 B:272-397  [code=1.20.58.60, no name defined]                                                                         1hciB02 B:398-512  [code=1.20.58.60, no name defined]                                                              1hciB03 B:513-632  [code=1.20.58.60, no name defined]                                                                   1hciB04 B:633-746  [code=1.20.58.60, no name defined]                                                              CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhh..............hhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A--------------------V-----------------------G---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.10b           Exon 1.11  PDB: B:293-369 UniProt: 293-369                                   Exon 1.12b  PDB: B:370-419 UniProt: 370-419       -------------------------------------------------Exon 1.14a  PDB: B:469-505           Exon 1.16  PDB: B:506-552 UniProt: 506-552     Exon 1.17  PDB: B:553-613 UniProt: 553-613                   Exon 1.18b  PDB: B:614-658 UniProt: 614-658  Exon 1.19  PDB: B:659-718 UniProt: 659-718                  Exon 1.20  PDB: B:719-746    Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.13b  PDB: B:419-469 UniProt: 419-469        ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 1hci B 272 SSAVNQENERLMEEYERLASELLEWIRRTIPWLENRTPEKTMQAMQKKLEDFRDYRRKHKPPKVQEKCQLEINFNTLQTKLRISNRPAFMPSEGKMVSDIAGAWQRLEQAEKGYEEWLLNEIRRLERLEHLAEKFRQKASTHETWAYGKEQILLQKDYESASLTEVRALLRKHEAFESDLAAHQDRVEQIAAIAQELNELDYHDAVNVNDRCQKICDQWDRLGTLTQKRREALERMEKLLETIDQLHLEFAKRAAPFNNWMEGAMEDLQDMFIVHSIEEIQSLITAHEQFKATLPEADGERQSIMAIQNEVEKVIQSYNIRISSSNPYSTVTMDELRTKWDKVKQLVPIRDQSLQEELARQHANERLRRQFAAQANAIGPWIQNKMEEIARSSIQITGALEDQMNQLKQYEHNIINYKNNIDKLEGDHQLIQEALVFDNKHTNYTMEHIRVGWELLLTTIARTINEVETQILTRD 746
                                   281       291       301       311       321       331       341       351       361       371       381       391       401       411       421       431       441       451       461       471       481       491       501       511       521       531       541       551       561       571       581       591       601       611       621       631       641       651       661       671       681       691       701       711       721       731       741
   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: All alpha proteins (14657)
(-)
Fold: Spectrin repeat-like (186)
(-)
Superfamily: Spectrin repeat (10)
(-)
Family: Spectrin repeat (9)
(-)
Protein domain: alpha-actinin (2)
(-)
Human (Homo sapiens) [TaxId: 9606] (2)
1ad1hcia1A:272-396
1bd1hcia2A:397-511
1cd1hcia3A:512-632
1dd1hcia4A:633-746
1ed1hcib1B:272-396
1fd1hcib2B:397-511
1gd1hcib3B:512-632
1hd1hcib4B:633-746

(-) CATH Domains  (1, 8)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
(-)
Class: Mainly Alpha (13335)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 1HCI)

(-) Gene Ontology  (61, 61)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (ACTN2_HUMAN | P35609)
molecular function
    GO:0051373    FATZ binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the FATZ family of proteins, filamin-, actinin-, and telethonin-binding proteins of the Z-disc of striated muscle. FATZ proteins are located in the Z-disc of the sarcomere and are involved in a complex network of interactions with other Z-band components.
    GO:0030274    LIM domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions.
    GO:0005088    Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity    Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
    GO:0003779    actin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
    GO:0051015    actin filament binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.
    GO:0005509    calcium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
    GO:0008092    cytoskeletal protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0005178    integrin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.
    GO:0044325    ion channel binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0030374    ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity    The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005546    phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046983    protein dimerization activity    The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0008307    structural constituent of muscle    The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber.
    GO:0030375    thyroid hormone receptor coactivator activity    The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjunction with a thyroid hormone-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
    GO:0070080    titin Z domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the titin Z domain, which recognizes and binds to the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of alpha-actinin-2 (Act-EF34), adopts a helical structure, and binds in a groove formed by the two planes between the helix pairs of Act-EF34.
    GO:0031432    titin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.
biological process
    GO:0000165    MAPK cascade    An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
    GO:0051695    actin filament uncapping    The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
    GO:0055013    cardiac muscle cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
    GO:0007155    cell adhesion    The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
    GO:0090002    establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane    The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
    GO:0048041    focal adhesion assembly    The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.
    GO:0030035    microspike assembly    Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.
    GO:0006936    muscle contraction    A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
    GO:0030049    muscle filament sliding    The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
    GO:1901017    negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
    GO:0043267    negative regulation of potassium ion transport    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:2000009    negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
    GO:0086097    phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway    An angiotensin-mediated signaling pathway where the activated receptor transmits the signal via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C (PLC). PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into the second messengers inositol-1,4,5,-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC), whilst IP3 binds intracellular receptors to induce the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
    GO:0002576    platelet degranulation    The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
    GO:0043547    positive regulation of GTPase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
    GO:2001259    positive regulation of cation channel activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
    GO:2001137    positive regulation of endocytic recycling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.
    GO:1901018    positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
    GO:0043268    positive regulation of potassium ion transport    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:2000273    positive regulation of receptor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity.
    GO:0051289    protein homotetramerization    The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.
    GO:0042981    regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0042391    regulation of membrane potential    Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
    GO:1903506    regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
    GO:0045214    sarcomere organization    The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
cellular component
    GO:0030018    Z disc    Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
    GO:0005884    actin filament    A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0030864    cortical actin cytoskeleton    The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0043197    dendritic spine    A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0030175    filopodium    Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
    GO:0005925    focal adhesion    Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0031093    platelet alpha granule lumen    The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
    GO:0031143    pseudopodium    A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
    GO:0030017    sarcomere    The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.

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        ACTN2_HUMAN | P35609: 1h8b 1quu 4d1e 5a36 5a37 5a38 5a4b

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1h8b EF-HANDS 3,4 FROM ALPHA-ACTININ / Z-REPEAT 7 FROM TITIN
1quu CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TWO CENTRAL SPECTRIN-LIKE REPEATS FROM ALPHA-ACTININ