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(-) Description

Title :  THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN MUSCLE ALPHA-ACTININ-2
 
Authors :  N. Pinotsis, A. Salmazo, B. Sjoeblom, E. Gkougkoulia, K. Djinovic-Car
Date :  01 May 14  (Deposition) - 10 Dec 14  (Release) - 17 Dec 14  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  3.50
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A
Biol. Unit 1:  A  (2x)
Keywords :  Contractile Protein, Z-Disc, Calmodulin-Like Domain, Spectrin Domain, Actin Binding Domain, Abd (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  E. A. Ribeiro Jr, N. Pinotsis, A. Ghisleni, A. Salmazo, P. V. Konarev, J. Kostan, B. Sjoeblom, C. Schreiner, A. A. Polyansky, E. Gkougkoulia M. R. Holt, F. L. Aachmann, B. Zagrovic, E. Bordignon, K. F. Pirker, D. I. Svergun, M. Gautel, K. Djinovic-Carugo
The Structure And Regulation Of Human Muscle Alpha-Actinin
Cell(Cambridge, Mass. ) V. 159 1447 2014
PubMed-ID: 25433700  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1016/J.CELL.2014.10.056

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - ALPHA-ACTININ-2
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System VariantROSETTA PLYSS
    Expression System VectorPETM11
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    FragmentRESIDUES 19-894
    MutationYES
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    Other DetailsDELTA 1-18 LYSINE METHYLATION
    SynonymALPHA-ACTININ SKELETAL MUSCLE ISOFORM 2, F-ACTIN CROSS-LINKING PROTEIN
    TissueMUSCLE

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  1
Asymmetric Unit A
Biological Unit 1 (2x)A

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 13)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 13)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1MLZ13Mod. Amino AcidN-METHYL-LYSINE
Biological Unit 1 (1, 26)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1MLZ26Mod. Amino AcidN-METHYL-LYSINE

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 4D1E)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 4D1E)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (9, 9)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Asn A:68 -Gly A:69
2Pro A:226 -Lys A:227
3Pro A:358 -Ala A:359
4Ala A:359 -Phe A:360
5Gly A:669 -Ala A:670
6Thr A:751 -Gln A:752
7Arg A:767 -Arg A:768
8Met A:773 -Asp A:774
9Met A:785 -Gly A:786

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (6, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (6, 6)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_071970A119TACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)727502886AA119T
2UniProtVAR_074292M228TACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)786205144AM228T
3UniProtVAR_071971T495MACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)200248944AT495M
4UniProtVAR_071972E583AACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)200631005AE583A
5UniProtVAR_033487M604VACTN2_HUMANPolymorphism35997569AM604V
6UniProtVAR_071973E628GACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)786204951AE628G

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (6, 12)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_071970A119TACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)727502886AA119T
2UniProtVAR_074292M228TACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)786205144AM228T
3UniProtVAR_071971T495MACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)200248944AT495M
4UniProtVAR_071972E583AACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)200631005AE583A
5UniProtVAR_033487M604VACTN2_HUMANPolymorphism35997569AM604V
6UniProtVAR_071973E628GACTN2_HUMANDisease (CMH23)786204951AE628G

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (4, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 6)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CHPS50021 Calponin homology domain profile.ACTN2_HUMAN38-142
151-254
  2A:38-142
A:151-254
2ACTININ_1PS00019 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 1.ACTN2_HUMAN40-49  1A:40-49
3ACTININ_2PS00020 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 2.ACTN2_HUMAN114-138  1A:114-138
4EF_HAND_2PS50222 EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile.ACTN2_HUMAN753-788
789-824
  2A:753-788
A:789-824
Biological Unit 1 (4, 12)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1CHPS50021 Calponin homology domain profile.ACTN2_HUMAN38-142
151-254
  4A:38-142
A:151-254
2ACTININ_1PS00019 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 1.ACTN2_HUMAN40-49  2A:40-49
3ACTININ_2PS00020 Actinin-type actin-binding domain signature 2.ACTN2_HUMAN114-138  2A:114-138
4EF_HAND_2PS50222 EF-hand calcium-binding domain profile.ACTN2_HUMAN753-788
789-824
  4A:753-788
A:789-824

(-) Exons   (21, 21)

Asymmetric Unit (21, 21)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1aENST000003665781aENSE00001442093chr1:236849808-236850099292ACTN2_HUMAN1-42421A:34-429
1.2ENST000003665782ENSE00001621874chr1:236881158-236881272115ACTN2_HUMAN43-81391A:43-8139
1.3ENST000003665783ENSE00001769920chr1:236882194-236882313120ACTN2_HUMAN81-121411A:81-12141
1.4ENST000003665784ENSE00001713666chr1:236883405-23688349187ACTN2_HUMAN121-150301A:121-15030
1.5ENST000003665785ENSE00000550946chr1:236889233-23688932088ACTN2_HUMAN150-179301A:150-17930
1.6ENST000003665786ENSE00000793525chr1:236890978-23689105679ACTN2_HUMAN179-205271A:179-20527
1.7ENST000003665787ENSE00001069619chr1:236894533-23689461482ACTN2_HUMAN206-233281A:206-23328
1.9ENST000003665789ENSE00001069620chr1:236898935-23689902086ACTN2_HUMAN233-261291A:233-26129
1.10bENST0000036657810bENSE00000908069chr1:236900422-23690051493ACTN2_HUMAN262-292311A:262-29231
1.11ENST0000036657811ENSE00001688862chr1:236902602-236902832231ACTN2_HUMAN293-369771A:293-36977
1.12bENST0000036657812bENSE00000908073chr1:236906196-236906343148ACTN2_HUMAN370-419501A:370-41950
1.13bENST0000036657813bENSE00000908075chr1:236907926-236908076151ACTN2_HUMAN419-469511A:419-46951
1.14aENST0000036657814aENSE00000908076chr1:236910967-236911075109ACTN2_HUMAN469-505371A:469-50537
1.16ENST0000036657816ENSE00000908079chr1:236912424-236912564141ACTN2_HUMAN506-552471A:506-55247
1.17ENST0000036657817ENSE00000908080chr1:236914770-236914952183ACTN2_HUMAN553-613611A:553-61361
1.18bENST0000036657818bENSE00000908082chr1:236917247-236917381135ACTN2_HUMAN614-658451A:614-65845
1.19ENST0000036657819ENSE00001668883chr1:236918319-236918498180ACTN2_HUMAN659-718601A:659-71860
1.20ENST0000036657820ENSE00001671667chr1:236920786-236920932147ACTN2_HUMAN719-767491A:719-76749
1.21ENST0000036657821ENSE00000793541chr1:236923024-23692308966ACTN2_HUMAN768-789221A:768-78922
1.22ENST0000036657822ENSE00000793542chr1:236924315-236924473159ACTN2_HUMAN790-842531A:790-84253
1.23bENST0000036657823bENSE00001442092chr1:236925761-2369279312171ACTN2_HUMAN843-894521A:843-89250

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:859
 aligned with ACTN2_HUMAN | P35609 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:894

    Alignment length:859
                                    43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333       343       353       363       373       383       393       403       413       423       433       443       453       463       473       483       493       503       513       523       533       543       553       563       573       583       593       603       613       623       633       643       653       663       673       683       693       703       713       723       733       743       753       763       773       783       793       803       813       823       833       843       853       863       873       883         
          ACTN2_HUMAN    34 PAWEKQQRKTFTAWCNSHLRKAGTQIENIEEDFRNGLKLMLLLEVISGERLPKPDRGKMRFHKIANVNKALDYIASKGVKLVSIGAEEIVDGNVKMTLGMIWTIILRFAIQDISVEETSAKEGLLLWCQRKTAPYRNVNIQNFHTSWKDGLGLCALIHRHRPDLIDYSKLNKDDPIGNINLAMEIAEKHLDIPKMLDAEDIVNTPKPDERAIMTYVSCFYHAFAGAEQAETAANRICKVLAVNQENERLMEEYERLASELLEWIRRTIPWLENRTPEKTMQAMQKKLEDFRDYRRKHKPPKVQEKCQLEINFNTLQTKLRISNRPAFMPSEGKMVSDIAGAWQRLEQAEKGYEEWLLNEIRRLERLEHLAEKFRQKASTHETWAYGKEQILLQKDYESASLTEVRALLRKHEAFESDLAAHQDRVEQIAAIAQELNELDYHDAVNVNDRCQKICDQWDRLGTLTQKRREALERMEKLLETIDQLHLEFAKRAAPFNNWMEGAMEDLQDMFIVHSIEEIQSLITAHEQFKATLPEADGERQSIMAIQNEVEKVIQSYNIRISSSNPYSTVTMDELRTKWDKVKQLVPIRDQSLQEELARQHANERLRRQFAAQANAIGPWIQNKMEEIARSSIQITGALEDQMNQLKQYEHNIINYKNNIDKLEGDHQLIQEALVFDNKHTNYTMEHIRVGWELLLTTIARTINEVETQILTRDAKGITQEQMNEFRASFNHFDRRKNGLMDHEDFRACLISMGYDLGEAEFARIMTLVDPNGQGTVTFQSFIDFMTRETADTDTAEQVIASFRILASDKPYILAEELRRELPPDQAQYCIKRMPAYSGPGSVPGALDYAAFSSALYGES 892
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....ee..eehhhhhhhhhhhhh.................hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.............hhhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------T--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A--------------------V-----------------------G------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                PROSITE (1) ----CH  PDB: A:38-142 UniProt: 38-142                                                                        --------CH  PDB: A:151-254 UniProt: 151-254                                                                     ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:753-788           EF_HAND_2  PDB: A:789-824           -------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (1)
                PROSITE (2) ------ACTININ_1 ----------------------------------------------------------------ACTININ_2  PDB: A:114-138---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE (2)
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.1aExon 1.2  PDB: A:43-81 UniProt: 43-81  ---------------------------------------Exon 1.4  PDB: A:121-150      ----------------------------Exon 1.6  PDB: A:179-205   Exon 1.7  PDB: A:206-233    ----------------------------Exon 1.10b  PDB: A:262-292     Exon 1.11  PDB: A:293-369 UniProt: 293-369                                   Exon 1.12b  PDB: A:370-419 UniProt: 370-419       -------------------------------------------------Exon 1.14a  PDB: A:469-505           Exon 1.16  PDB: A:506-552 UniProt: 506-552     Exon 1.17  PDB: A:553-613 UniProt: 553-613                   Exon 1.18b  PDB: A:614-658 UniProt: 614-658  Exon 1.19  PDB: A:659-718 UniProt: 659-718                  Exon 1.20  PDB: A:719-767 UniProt: 719-767       Exon 1.21             Exon 1.22  PDB: A:790-842 UniProt: 790-842           Exon 1.23b  PDB: A:843-892 UniProt: 843-894        Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -----------------------------------------------Exon 1.3  PDB: A:81-121 UniProt: 81-121  ----------------------------Exon 1.5  PDB: A:150-179      -----------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: A:233-261     -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.13b  PDB: A:419-469 UniProt: 419-469        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                 4d1e A  34 PAWEKQQRkTFTAWCNSHLRKAGTQIENIEEDFRNGLkLMLLLEVISGERLPKPDRGKMRFHkIANVNkALDYIASKGVKLVSIGAEEIVDGNVKMTLGMIWTIILRFAIQDISVEETSAKEGLLLWCQRkTAPYRNVNIQNFHTSWkDGLGLCALIHRHRPDLIDYSKLNKDDPIGNINLAMEIAEKHLDIPKMLDAEDIVNTPkPDERAIMTYVSCFYHAFAGAEQAETAANRICKVLAVNQENERLMEEYERLASELLEWIRRTIPWLENRTPAATMQAMQKkLEDFRDYRRkHkPPKVQEKCQLEINFNTLQTKLRISNRPAFMPSEGKMVSDIAGAWQRLEQAEKGYEEWLLNEIRRLERLEHLAEKFRQKASTHETWAYGKEQILLQKDYESASLTEVRALLRkHEAFESDLAAHQDRVEQIAAIAQELNELDYHDAVNVNDRCQKICDQWDRLGTLTQKRREALERMEKLLETIDQLHLEFAKRAAPFNNWMEGAMEDLQDMFIVHSIEEIQSLITAHEQFkATLPEADGERQSIMAIQNEVEKVIQSYNIRISSSNPYSTVTMDELRTKWDKVKQLVPIRDQSLQEELARQHANERLRRQFAAQANAIGPWIQNKMEEIARSSIQITGALEDQMNQLKQYEHNIINYkNNIDKLEGDHQLIQEALVFDNKHTNYTMEHIRVGWELLLTTIARTINEVETQILTRDAKGITQEQMNEFRASFNHFDRRKNGLMDHEDFRACLISMGYDLGEAEFARIMTLVDPNGQGTVTFQSFIDFMTRETADTDTAEQVIASFRILASDKPYILAEELRRELPPDQAQYCIKRMPAYSGPGSVPGALDYAAFSSALYGES 892
                                    43        53        63       |73        83        93  |    103       113       123       133       143       153       163|      173       183       193       203       213       223       233     | 243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313     | 323     | 333       343       353       363       373       383       393       403       413       423       433       443       453       463       473       483       493       503       513       523       533       543       553       563       573       583       593       603       613       623       633       643       653       663       673       683     | 693       703       713       723       733       743       753       763       773       783       793       803       813       823       833       843       853       863       873       883         
                                   42-MLZ                       71-MLZ                   96-MLZ |                                                           164-MLZ          181-MLZ                                                   239-MLZ                                                                         319-MLZ   329-MLZ                                                                                                           443-MLZ                                                                                                                562-MLZ                                                                                                                        689-MLZ                                                                                                                                                                                                       
                                                                                              102-MLZ                                                                                                                                                                                                                              331-MLZ                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 4D1E)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 4D1E)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 4D1E)

(-) Gene Ontology  (61, 61)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (ACTN2_HUMAN | P35609)
molecular function
    GO:0051373    FATZ binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a member of the FATZ family of proteins, filamin-, actinin-, and telethonin-binding proteins of the Z-disc of striated muscle. FATZ proteins are located in the Z-disc of the sarcomere and are involved in a complex network of interactions with other Z-band components.
    GO:0030274    LIM domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a LIM domain (for Lin-11 Isl-1 Mec-3) of a protein, a domain with seven conserved cysteine residues and a histidine, that binds two zinc ions and acts as an interface for protein-protein interactions.
    GO:0005088    Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity    Stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides associated with a GTPase of the Ras superfamily. Under normal cellular physiological conditions, the concentration of GTP is higher than that of GDP, favoring the replacement of GDP by GTP in association with the GTPase.
    GO:0003779    actin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with monomeric or multimeric forms of actin, including actin filaments.
    GO:0051015    actin filament binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an actin filament, also known as F-actin, a helical filamentous polymer of globular G-actin subunits.
    GO:0005509    calcium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
    GO:0008092    cytoskeletal protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein component of any cytoskeleton (actin, microtubule, or intermediate filament cytoskeleton).
    GO:0042802    identical protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein or proteins.
    GO:0005178    integrin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an integrin.
    GO:0044325    ion channel binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient.
    GO:0030374    ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity    The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005546    phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol in which the inositol ring is phosphorylated at the 4' and 5' positions.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046983    protein dimerization activity    The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits.
    GO:0019904    protein domain specific binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0008307    structural constituent of muscle    The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a muscle fiber.
    GO:0030375    thyroid hormone receptor coactivator activity    The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjunction with a thyroid hormone-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
    GO:0070080    titin Z domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the titin Z domain, which recognizes and binds to the C-terminal calmodulin-like domain of alpha-actinin-2 (Act-EF34), adopts a helical structure, and binds in a groove formed by the two planes between the helix pairs of Act-EF34.
    GO:0031432    titin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with titin, any of a family of giant proteins found in striated and smooth muscle. In striated muscle, single titin molecules span half the sarcomere, with their N- and C-termini in the Z-disc and M-line, respectively.
biological process
    GO:0000165    MAPK cascade    An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least a MAPK, a MAPKK and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
    GO:0051695    actin filament uncapping    The removal of capping protein from the end of actin filaments to free the ends for addition, exchange or removal of further actin subunits.
    GO:0055013    cardiac muscle cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
    GO:0007155    cell adhesion    The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.
    GO:0090002    establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane    The directed movement of a protein to a specific location in the plasma membrane.
    GO:0048041    focal adhesion assembly    The aggregation and bonding together of a set of components to form a focal adhesion, a complex of intracellular signaling and structural proteins that provides a structural link between the internal actin cytoskeleton and the ECM, and also function as a locus of signal transduction activity.
    GO:0030035    microspike assembly    Formation of a microspike, a dynamic, actin-rich projection extending from the surface of a migrating animal cell.
    GO:0006936    muscle contraction    A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis.
    GO:0030049    muscle filament sliding    The sliding of actin thin filaments and myosin thick filaments past each other in muscle contraction. This involves a process of interaction of myosin located on a thick filament with actin located on a thin filament. During this process ATP is split and forces are generated.
    GO:1901017    negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
    GO:0043267    negative regulation of potassium ion transport    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:2000009    negative regulation of protein localization to cell surface    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of protein localization to the cell surface.
    GO:0086097    phospholipase C-activating angiotensin-activated signaling pathway    An angiotensin-mediated signaling pathway where the activated receptor transmits the signal via Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C (PLC). PLC hydrolyses phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into the second messengers inositol-1,4,5,-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). DAG activates protein kinase C (PKC), whilst IP3 binds intracellular receptors to induce the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores.
    GO:0002576    platelet degranulation    The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as histamine and serotonin by a platelet.
    GO:0043547    positive regulation of GTPase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of a GTPase.
    GO:2001259    positive regulation of cation channel activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity.
    GO:2001137    positive regulation of endocytic recycling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endocytic recycling.
    GO:1901018    positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity.
    GO:0043268    positive regulation of potassium ion transport    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:2000273    positive regulation of receptor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity.
    GO:0051289    protein homotetramerization    The formation of a protein homotetramer, a macromolecular structure consisting of four noncovalently associated identical subunits.
    GO:0042981    regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0042391    regulation of membrane potential    Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane.
    GO:1903506    regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nucleic acid-templated transcription.
    GO:0045214    sarcomere organization    The myofibril assembly process that results in the organization of muscle actomyosin into sarcomeres. The sarcomere is the repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
cellular component
    GO:0030018    Z disc    Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
    GO:0005884    actin filament    A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0030864    cortical actin cytoskeleton    The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0043197    dendritic spine    A small, membranous protrusion from a dendrite that forms a postsynaptic compartment - typically receiving input from a single presynapse. They function as partially isolated biochemical and an electrical compartments. Spine morphology is variable including "thin", "stubby", "mushroom", and "branched", with a continuum of intermediate morphologies. They typically terminate in a bulb shape, linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
    GO:0070062    extracellular exosome    A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0030175    filopodium    Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
    GO:0005925    focal adhesion    Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0031093    platelet alpha granule lumen    The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
    GO:0031143    pseudopodium    A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
    GO:0030017    sarcomere    The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.

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        ACTN2_HUMAN | P356091h8b 1hci 1quu 5a36 5a37 5a38 5a4b

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