molecular function |
| GO:0051117 | | ATPase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ATPase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP. |
| GO:0008093 | | cytoskeletal adaptor activity | | The binding activity of a molecule that brings together a cytoskeletal protein and one or more other molecules, permitting them to function in a coordinated way. |
| GO:0019899 | | enzyme binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme. |
| GO:0044325 | | ion channel binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on an ion channel, a protein complex that spans a membrane and forms a water-filled channel across the phospholipid bilayer allowing selective ion transport down its electrochemical gradient. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0030674 | | protein binding, bridging | | The binding activity of a molecule that brings together two or more protein molecules, or a protein and another macromolecule or complex, through a selective, non-covalent, often stoichiometric interaction, permitting those molecules to function in a coordinated way. |
| GO:0019901 | | protein kinase binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein kinase, any enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a protein substrate. |
| GO:0030507 | | spectrin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with spectrin, a protein that is the major constituent of the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network. It associates with band 4.1 (see band protein) and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It is composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate side-to-side in an antiparallel fashion to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers. |
| GO:0005200 | | structural constituent of cytoskeleton | | The action of a molecule that contributes to the structural integrity of a cytoskeletal structure. |
biological process |
| GO:0006888 | | ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport | | The directed movement of substances from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi, mediated by COP II vesicles. Small COP II coated vesicles form from the ER and then fuse directly with the cis-Golgi. Larger structures are transported along microtubules to the cis-Golgi. |
| GO:0086015 | | SA node cell action potential | | An action potential that occurs in a sinoatrial node cardiac muscle cell. |
| GO:0086070 | | SA node cell to atrial cardiac muscle cell communication | | The process that mediates interactions between an SA node cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the SA node cardiomyocyte communicating with an atrial cardiomyocyte in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
| GO:0033292 | | T-tubule organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of the T-tubule. A T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. |
| GO:0086014 | | atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential | | An action potential that occurs in an atrial cardiac muscle cell. |
| GO:0086066 | | atrial cardiac muscle cell to AV node cell communication | | The process that mediates interactions between an atrial cardiomyocyte and its surroundings that contributes to the process of the atrial cardiomyocyte communicating with an AV node cell in cardiac conduction. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
| GO:0003283 | | atrial septum development | | The progression of the atrial septum over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. |
| GO:0006874 | | cellular calcium ion homeostasis | | Any process involved in the maintenance of an internal steady state of calcium ions at the level of a cell. |
| GO:0034613 | | cellular protein localization | | Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location at the level of a cell. Localization at the cellular level encompasses movement within the cell, from within the cell to the cell surface, or from one location to another at the surface of a cell. |
| GO:0086046 | | membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential | | The process in which SA node cardiac muscle cell membrane potential changes in the depolarizing direction from the negative resting potential towards the positive membrane potential that will be the peak of the action potential. |
| GO:0007399 | | nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. |
| GO:0030913 | | paranodal junction assembly | | Formation of the junction between an axon and the glial cell that forms the myelin sheath. Paranodal junctions form at each paranode, i.e. at the ends of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier. |
| GO:1901021 | | positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| GO:0051928 | | positive regulation of calcium ion transport | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:2001259 | | positive regulation of cation channel activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cation channel activity. |
| GO:0010628 | | positive regulation of gene expression | | Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
| GO:1901018 | | positive regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| GO:0043268 | | positive regulation of potassium ion transport | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of potassium ions (K+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0036309 | | protein localization to M-band | | Any process in which a protein is transported to, and/or maintained in, the M band. The M band is the midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere. |
| GO:0036371 | | protein localization to T-tubule | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, the T-tubule. The T-tubule is an invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. |
| GO:0034394 | | protein localization to cell surface | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. |
| GO:0070972 | | protein localization to endoplasmic reticulum | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within the endoplasmic reticulum. |
| GO:0033365 | | protein localization to organelle | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a location within an organelle. |
| GO:0072659 | | protein localization to plasma membrane | | A process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location in the plasma membrane. |
| GO:0050821 | | protein stabilization | | Any process involved in maintaining the structure and integrity of a protein and preventing it from degradation or aggregation. |
| GO:0072661 | | protein targeting to plasma membrane | | The process of directing proteins towards the plasma membrane; usually uses signals contained within the protein. |
| GO:0098907 | | regulation of SA node cell action potential | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an SA node cardiac myocyte. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| GO:0098910 | | regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell action potential | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of action potential creation, propagation or termination in an atrial cardiac muscle cell contributing to the regulation of its contraction. This typically occurs via modulation of the activity or expression of voltage-gated ion channels. |
| GO:1901019 | | regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity. |
| GO:0051924 | | regulation of calcium ion transport | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore. |
| GO:0086004 | | regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell contraction. |
| GO:0055117 | | regulation of cardiac muscle contraction | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction. |
| GO:0010882 | | regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by calcium ion signaling | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction by changing the calcium ion signals that trigger contraction. |
| GO:0010881 | | regulation of cardiac muscle contraction by regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle contraction via the regulation of the release of sequestered calcium ion by sarcoplasmic reticulum into cytosol. The sarcoplasmic reticulum is the endoplasmic reticulum of striated muscle, specialised for the sequestration of calcium ions that are released upon receipt of a signal relayed by the T tubules from the neuromuscular junction. |
| GO:0002027 | | regulation of heart rate | | Any process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. |
| GO:0086091 | | regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction | | A cardiac conduction process that modulates the frequency or rate of heart contraction. |
| GO:0031647 | | regulation of protein stability | | Any process that affects the structure and integrity of a protein, altering the likelihood of its degradation or aggregation. |
| GO:0051279 | | regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the release into the cytosolic compartment of calcium ions sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. |
| GO:0060307 | | regulation of ventricular cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization | | Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential in the polarizing direction towards the resting potential in a ventricular cardiomyocyte. |
| GO:0051597 | | response to methylmercury | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a methylmercury stimulus. |
| GO:0070296 | | sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ion transport | | The directed movement of calcium ions (Ca2+) into, out of or within the sarcoplasmic reticulum. |
| GO:0007165 | | signal transduction | | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0086005 | | ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential | | An action potential that occurs in a ventricular cardiac muscle cell. |
cellular component |
| GO:0031672 | | A band | | The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line. |
| GO:0031430 | | M band | | The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines. |
| GO:0030315 | | T-tubule | | Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. |
| GO:0030018 | | Z disc | | Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached. |
| GO:0016324 | | apical plasma membrane | | The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell. |
| GO:0016323 | | basolateral plasma membrane | | The region of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis. |
| GO:0030054 | | cell junction | | A cellular component that forms a specialized region of connection between two or more cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix. At a cell junction, anchoring proteins extend through the plasma membrane to link cytoskeletal proteins in one cell to cytoskeletal proteins in neighboring cells or to proteins in the extracellular matrix. |
| GO:0043034 | | costamere | | Regular periodic sub membranous arrays of vinculin in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, these arrays link Z-discs to the sarcolemma and are associated with links to extracellular matrix. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005856 | | cytoskeleton | | Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles. |
| GO:0005829 | | cytosol | | The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes. |
| GO:0014704 | | intercalated disc | | A complex cell-cell junction at which myofibrils terminate in cardiomyocytes; mediates mechanical and electrochemical integration between individual cardiomyocytes. The intercalated disc contains regions of tight mechanical attachment (fasciae adherentes and desmosomes) and electrical coupling (gap junctions) between adjacent cells. |
| GO:0005622 | | intracellular | | The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0045121 | | membrane raft | | Any of the small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. |
| GO:0043005 | | neuron projection | | A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |
| GO:0045211 | | postsynaptic membrane | | A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |
| GO:0042383 | | sarcolemma | | The outer membrane of a muscle cell, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers. |
| GO:0045202 | | synapse | | The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron, muscle fiber or glial cell. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane. |