molecular function |
| GO:0008097 | | 5S rRNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with 5S ribosomal RNA, the smallest RNA constituent of a ribosome. |
| GO:0003677 | | DNA binding | | Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). |
| GO:0008301 | | DNA binding, bending | | The activity of binding selectively and non-covalently to and distorting the original structure of DNA, typically a straight helix, into a bend, or increasing the bend if the original structure was intrinsically bent due to its sequence. |
| GO:0050786 | | RAGE receptor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the RAGE receptor, the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. |
| GO:0003681 | | bent DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA in a bent conformation. |
| GO:0000405 | | bubble DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that contains a bubble. A bubble occurs when DNA contains a region of unpaired, single-stranded DNA flanked on both sides by regions of paired, double-stranded DNA. |
| GO:0000402 | | crossed form four-way junction DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing the crossed form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The crossed form of a four-way junction cannot be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over, and instead contains a single crossover between two of the strands. |
| GO:0005125 | | cytokine activity | | Functions to control the survival, growth, differentiation and effector function of tissues and cells. |
| GO:0003690 | | double-stranded DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded DNA. |
| GO:0000400 | | four-way junction DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing four-way junctions, also known as Holliday junctions, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. |
| GO:0051861 | | glycolipid binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a glycolipid, any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic group such as an acylglycerol, a sphingoid, a ceramide (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. |
| GO:0008201 | | heparin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues. |
| GO:0000401 | | open form four-way junction DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA containing the open form of a four-way junction, also known as a Holliday junction, a structure where two DNA double strands are held together by reciprocal exchange of two of the four strands, one strand each from the two original helices. The open form of a four-way junction can be diagrammed without any of the strands crossing over. |
| GO:0042277 | | peptide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with peptides, any of a group of organic compounds comprising two or more amino acids linked by peptide bonds. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0046983 | | protein dimerization activity | | The formation of a protein dimer, a macromolecular structure consists of two noncovalently associated identical or nonidentical subunits. |
| GO:0003697 | | single-stranded DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with single-stranded DNA. |
| GO:0097100 | | supercoiled DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with supercoiled DNA. For example, during replication and transcription, template DNA is negatively supercoiled in the receding downstream DNA and positively supercoiled in the approaching downstream DNA. |
| GO:0008134 | | transcription factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription. |
biological process |
| GO:0032392 | | DNA geometric change | | The process in which a transformation is induced in the geometry of a DNA double helix, resulting in a change in twist, writhe, or both, but with no change in linking number. Includes the unwinding of double-stranded DNA by helicases. |
| GO:0006310 | | DNA recombination | | Any process in which a new genotype is formed by reassortment of genes resulting in gene combinations different from those that were present in the parents. In eukaryotes genetic recombination can occur by chromosome assortment, intrachromosomal recombination, or nonreciprocal interchromosomal recombination. Interchromosomal recombination occurs by crossing over. In bacteria it may occur by genetic transformation, conjugation, transduction, or F-duction. |
| GO:0006281 | | DNA repair | | The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. |
| GO:0031532 | | actin cytoskeleton reorganization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in dynamic structural changes to the arrangement of constituent parts of cytoskeletal structures comprising actin filaments and their associated proteins. |
| GO:0002250 | | adaptive immune response | | An immune response mediated by cells expressing specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for an enhanced secondary response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). |
| GO:0043277 | | apoptotic cell clearance | | The recognition and removal of an apoptotic cell by a neighboring cell or by a phagocyte. |
| GO:0006914 | | autophagy | | The cellular catabolic process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm; allows for both recycling of macromolecular constituents under conditions of cellular stress and remodeling the intracellular structure for cell differentiation. |
| GO:0000902 | | cell morphogenesis | | The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized. |
| GO:0006974 | | cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. |
| GO:0071347 | | cellular response to interleukin-1 | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-1 stimulus. |
| GO:0006935 | | chemotaxis | | The directed movement of a motile cell or organism, or the directed growth of a cell guided by a specific chemical concentration gradient. Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). |
| GO:0007623 | | circadian rhythm | | Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. |
| GO:0002376 | | immune system process | | Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. |
| GO:0050930 | | induction of positive chemotaxis | | Any process that initiates the directed movement of a motile cell or organism towards a higher concentration in a concentration gradient of a specific chemical. |
| GO:0006954 | | inflammatory response | | The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. |
| GO:0045087 | | innate immune response | | Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germline encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. |
| GO:0050831 | | male-specific defense response to bacterium | | A set of reactions, specific to males, that are triggered in response to the presence of a bacterium that act to protect the cell or organism. |
| GO:0051450 | | myoblast proliferation | | The multiplication or reproduction of myoblasts, resulting in the expansion of a myoblast cell population. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| GO:0008156 | | negative regulation of DNA replication | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of DNA replication. |
| GO:0007399 | | nervous system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state. |
| GO:0031175 | | neuron projection development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| GO:0097350 | | neutrophil clearance | | The selective elimination of senescent neutrophils from the body by autoregulatory mechanisms. |
| GO:0051106 | | positive regulation of DNA ligation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA ligation, the re-formation of a broken phosphodiester bond in the DNA backbone, carried out by DNA ligase. |
| GO:0043065 | | positive regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0010508 | | positive regulation of autophagy | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of autophagy. Autophagy is the process in which cells digest parts of their own cytoplasm. |
| GO:0010942 | | positive regulation of cell death | | Any process that increases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. |
| GO:0030335 | | positive regulation of cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:0008284 | | positive regulation of cell proliferation | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation. |
| GO:0032732 | | positive regulation of interleukin-1 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-1 production. |
| GO:0032755 | | positive regulation of interleukin-6 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-6 production. |
| GO:0032757 | | positive regulation of interleukin-8 production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of interleukin-8 production. |
| GO:0071642 | | positive regulation of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha. |
| GO:0002053 | | positive regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation | | The process of activating or increasing the rate or extent of mesenchymal cell proliferation. Mesenchymal cells are loosely organized embryonic cells. |
| GO:0045931 | | positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle | | Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle. |
| GO:0033034 | | positive regulation of myeloid cell apoptotic process | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of myeloid cell apoptotic process. |
| GO:0045663 | | positive regulation of myoblast differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers. |
| GO:0010976 | | positive regulation of neuron projection development | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites). |
| GO:0014911 | | positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration | | Any process that activates, maintains or increases the frequency, rate or extent of smooth muscle cell migration. |
| GO:0034165 | | positive regulation of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway. |
| GO:0032760 | | positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate, or extent of tumor necrosis factor production. |
| GO:0002840 | | regulation of T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of a T cell mediated immune response to tumor cell. |
| GO:0050727 | | regulation of inflammatory response | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the inflammatory response, the immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. |
| GO:0042493 | | response to drug | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease. |
| GO:0009749 | | response to glucose | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucose stimulus. |
| GO:0009408 | | response to heat | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. |
| GO:0032868 | | response to insulin | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an insulin stimulus. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas in mammals, and by the homologous organs of other organisms. |
| GO:0034341 | | response to interferon-gamma | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interferon-gamma stimulus. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. |
| GO:0032496 | | response to lipopolysaccharide | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005694 | | chromosome | | A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. |
| GO:0005737 | | cytoplasm | | All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
| GO:0005793 | | endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment | | A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi and Golgi-to-ER transport. |
| GO:0005768 | | endosome | | A vacuole to which materials ingested by endocytosis are delivered. |
| GO:0005576 | | extracellular region | | The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite. |
| GO:0005615 | | extracellular space | | That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005886 | | plasma membrane | | The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins. |