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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF NATIVE PROTEASE NEXIN-1 WITH HEPARIN
 
Authors :  J. A. Huntington, W. Li
Date :  28 Feb 12  (Deposition) - 15 Aug 12  (Release) - 15 Aug 12  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.35
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B  (1x)
Biol. Unit 3:  A,B  (1x)
Biol. Unit 4:  A (1x),B (1x)
Keywords :  Serpin, Protease Inhibitor, Thrombin, Cell Surface, Hydrolase Inhibitor (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  W. Li, J. A. Huntington
Crystal Structures Of Protease Nexin-1 In Complex With Heparin And Thrombin Suggest A 2-Step Recognition Mechanism
Blood V. 120 459 2012
PubMed-ID: 22618708  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1182/BLOOD-2012-03-415869

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - GLIA-DERIVED NEXIN
    ChainsA, B
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    GeneSERPINE2, PI7, PN1
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymGDN, PEPTIDASE INHIBITOR 7, PI-7, PROTEASE NEXIN 1, PN-1, PROTEASE NEXIN I, SERPIN E2

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (1x)A 
Biological Unit 2 (1x) B
Biological Unit 3 (1x)AB
Biological Unit 4 (1x)A (1x)B (1x)

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (4, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 8)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GOL2Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
2IDS1Ligand/Ion2-O-SULFO-ALPHA-L-IDOPYRANURONIC ACID
3SGN1Ligand/IonN,O6-DISULFO-GLUCOSAMINE
4SO44Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 1 (4, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GOL1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
2IDS1Ligand/Ion2-O-SULFO-ALPHA-L-IDOPYRANURONIC ACID
3SGN1Ligand/IonN,O6-DISULFO-GLUCOSAMINE
4SO41Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 2 (2, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GOL1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
2IDS-1Ligand/Ion2-O-SULFO-ALPHA-L-IDOPYRANURONIC ACID
3SGN-1Ligand/IonN,O6-DISULFO-GLUCOSAMINE
4SO43Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 3 (4, 8)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GOL2Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
2IDS1Ligand/Ion2-O-SULFO-ALPHA-L-IDOPYRANURONIC ACID
3SGN1Ligand/IonN,O6-DISULFO-GLUCOSAMINE
4SO44Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 4 (4, 4)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1GOL1Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
2IDS1Ligand/Ion2-O-SULFO-ALPHA-L-IDOPYRANURONIC ACID
3SGN1Ligand/IonN,O6-DISULFO-GLUCOSAMINE
4SO41Ligand/IonSULFATE ION

(-) Sites  (8, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (8, 8)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREMET A:145 , ILE A:146 , ASP A:147 , LYS A:323 , LYS A:325BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 401
2AC2SOFTWARESGN A:403BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE IDS A 402
3AC3SOFTWARELYS A:74 , IDS A:402 , LYS B:74 , LYS B:75 , LYS B:78 , HOH B:600BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SGN A 403
4AC4SOFTWARELEU A:159 , THR A:160 , LYS A:286 , SER A:318BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL A 404
5AC5SOFTWAREGLU A:241 , SER A:242 , LYS B:268 , LYS B:302 , ARG B:346 , HOH B:551BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 B 401
6AC6SOFTWARELYS A:268 , LYS A:302 , GLU B:241 , SER B:242 , HOH B:654BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 B 402
7AC7SOFTWAREASN B:148 , LYS B:323 , HOH B:512BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 B 403
8AC8SOFTWAREARG B:269 , LEU B:343 , ILE B:344 , ALA B:345 , ARG B:346 , PRO B:349BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL B 404

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 4DY0)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 4DY0)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (3, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (3, 6)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051955I51MGDN_HUMANPolymorphism3795875A/BI32M
2UniProtVAR_036027K204NGDN_HUMANUnclassified  ---A/BK185N
3CancerSNPVAR_GDN_HUMAN_CCDS2460_1_01 *K204NGDN_HUMANDisease (Breast cancer)  ---A/BK185N
   * ID not provided by source

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (3, 3)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051955I51MGDN_HUMANPolymorphism3795875AI32M
2UniProtVAR_036027K204NGDN_HUMANUnclassified  ---AK185N
3CancerSNPVAR_GDN_HUMAN_CCDS2460_1_01 *K204NGDN_HUMANDisease (Breast cancer)  ---AK185N
   * ID not provided by source

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 2 (3, 3)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051955I51MGDN_HUMANPolymorphism3795875BI32M
2UniProtVAR_036027K204NGDN_HUMANUnclassified  ---BK185N
3CancerSNPVAR_GDN_HUMAN_CCDS2460_1_01 *K204NGDN_HUMANDisease (Breast cancer)  ---BK185N
   * ID not provided by source

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 3 (3, 6)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051955I51MGDN_HUMANPolymorphism3795875A/BI32M
2UniProtVAR_036027K204NGDN_HUMANUnclassified  ---A/BK185N
3CancerSNPVAR_GDN_HUMAN_CCDS2460_1_01 *K204NGDN_HUMANDisease (Breast cancer)  ---A/BK185N
   * ID not provided by source

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 4 (3, 6)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051955I51MGDN_HUMANPolymorphism3795875A/BI32M
2UniProtVAR_036027K204NGDN_HUMANUnclassified  ---A/BK185N
3CancerSNPVAR_GDN_HUMAN_CCDS2460_1_01 *K204NGDN_HUMANDisease (Breast cancer)  ---A/BK185N
   * ID not provided by source

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1SERPINPS00284 Serpins signature.GDN_HUMAN371-381
 
  2A:352-362
B:352-362
Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1SERPINPS00284 Serpins signature.GDN_HUMAN371-381
 
  1A:352-362
-
Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1SERPINPS00284 Serpins signature.GDN_HUMAN371-381
 
  1-
B:352-362
Biological Unit 3 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1SERPINPS00284 Serpins signature.GDN_HUMAN371-381
 
  2A:352-362
B:352-362
Biological Unit 4 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1SERPINPS00284 Serpins signature.GDN_HUMAN371-381
 
  2A:352-362
B:352-362

(-) Exons   (0, 0)

(no "Exon" information available for 4DY0)

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:362
 aligned with GDN_HUMAN | P07093 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:398

    Alignment length:377
                                    31        41        51        61        71        81        91       101       111       121       131       141       151       161       171       181       191       201       211       221       231       241       251       261       271       281       291       301       311       321       331       341       351       361       371       381       391       
            GDN_HUMAN    22 FNPLSLEELGSNTGIQVFNQIVKSRPHDNIVISPHGIASVLGMLQLGADGRTKKQLAMVMRYGVNGVGKILKKINKAIVSKKNKDIVTVANAVFVKNASEIEVPFVTRNKDVFQCEVRNVNFEDPASACDSINAWVKNETRDMIDNLLSPDLIDGVLTRLVLVNAVYFKGLWKSRFQPENTKKRTFVAADGKSYQVPMLAQLSVFRCGSTSAPNDLWYNFIELPYHGESISMLIALPTESSTPLSAIIPHISTKTIDSWMSIMVPKRVQVILPKFTAVAQTDLKEPLKVLGITDMFDSSKANFAKITTGSENLHVSHILQKAKIEVSEDGTKASAATTAILIARSSPPWFIVDRPFLFFIRHNPTGAVLFMGQINKP 398
               SCOP domains d4dy0a_ A: automated matches                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeehhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeeeee......hhhhhhhhhhhhheeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhh......eeeeeeeee........hhhhheeeeee.....eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeee.....eeeeeeee.....hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeeee.eeeeeeeehhhhhhhh..hhhhh...........---.....eeeeeeeeee.....------------.....eee....eeeeeee....eeeeeeee... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) -----------------------------M--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SERPIN     ----------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 4dy0 A   3 FNPLSLEELGSNTGIQVFNQIVKSRPHDNIVISPHGIASVLGMLQLGADGRTKKQLAMVMRYGVNGVGKILKKINKAIVSKKNKDIVTVANAVFVKNASEIEVPFVTRNKDVFQCEVRNVNFEDPASACDSINAWVKNETRDMIDNLLSPDLIDGVLTRLVLVNAVYFKGLWKSRFQPENTKKRTFVAADGKSYQVPMLAQLSVFRCGSTSAPNDLWYNFIELPYHGESISMLIALPTESSTPLSAIIPHISTKTIDSWMSIMVPKRVQVILPKFTAVAQTDLKEPLKVLGITDMFDSSKANFAKITT---NLHVSHILQKAKIEVSEDGT------------RSSPPWFIVDRPFLFFIRHNPTGAVLFMGQINKP 379
                                    12        22        32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       | - |     322       332|        -   |   352       362       372       
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             310 314                333          346                                 

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:370
 aligned with GDN_HUMAN | P07093 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:398

    Alignment length:376
                                    32        42        52        62        72        82        92       102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392      
            GDN_HUMAN    23 NPLSLEELGSNTGIQVFNQIVKSRPHDNIVISPHGIASVLGMLQLGADGRTKKQLAMVMRYGVNGVGKILKKINKAIVSKKNKDIVTVANAVFVKNASEIEVPFVTRNKDVFQCEVRNVNFEDPASACDSINAWVKNETRDMIDNLLSPDLIDGVLTRLVLVNAVYFKGLWKSRFQPENTKKRTFVAADGKSYQVPMLAQLSVFRCGSTSAPNDLWYNFIELPYHGESISMLIALPTESSTPLSAIIPHISTKTIDSWMSIMVPKRVQVILPKFTAVAQTDLKEPLKVLGITDMFDSSKANFAKITTGSENLHVSHILQKAKIEVSEDGTKASAATTAILIARSSPPWFIVDRPFLFFIRHNPTGAVLFMGQINKP 398
               SCOP domains d4dy0b_ B: automated matches                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeehhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eeeeeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhheeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhh......eeeeeeeee........hhhhheeeeee.....eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.....eeeeeeee.....eeeeeeee.....hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeeee.eeeeeeeehhhhhhhh..hhhhh.................eeeeeeeeeeee......------..........eee....eeeeeee....eeeeeeee... Sec.struct. author
             SAPs(SNPs) (1) ----------------------------M--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (1)
             SAPs(SNPs) (2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs) (2)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SERPIN     ----------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 4dy0 B   4 NPLSLEELGSNTGIQVFNQIVKSRPHDNIVISPHGIASVLGMLQLGADGRTKKQLAMVMRYGVNGVGKILKKINKAIVSKKNKDIVTVANAVFVKNASEIEVPFVTRNKDVFQCEVRNVNFEDPASACDSINAWVKNETRDMIDNLLSPDLIDGVLTRLVLVNAVYFKGLWKSRFQPENTKKRTFVAADGKSYQVPMLAQLSVFRCGSTSAPNDLWYNFIELPYHGESISMLIALPTESSTPLSAIIPHISTKTIDSWMSIMVPKRVQVILPKFTAVAQTDLKEPLKVLGITDMFDSSKANFAKITTGSENLHVSHILQKAKIEVSEDGTK------AILIARSSPPWFIVDRPFLFFIRHNPTGAVLFMGQINKP 379
                                    13        23        33        43        53        63        73        83        93       103       113       123       133       143       153       163       173       183       193       203       213       223       233       243       253       263       273       283       293       303       313       323       333|      343       353       363       373      
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    334    341                                      

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 2)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 4DY0)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 4DY0)

(-) Gene Ontology  (51, 51)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B   (GDN_HUMAN | P07093)
molecular function
    GO:0005539    glycosaminoglycan binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any glycan (polysaccharide) containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues.
    GO:0008201    heparin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with heparin, any member of a group of glycosaminoglycans found mainly as an intracellular component of mast cells and which consist predominantly of alternating alpha-(1->4)-linked D-galactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate residues.
    GO:0030414    peptidase inhibitor activity    Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of a peptidase, any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis peptide bonds.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0005102    receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0004867    serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity    Stops, prevents or reduces the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nonterminal peptide bonds in a polypeptide chain; a serine residue (and a histidine residue) are at the active center of the enzyme.
biological process
    GO:0007596    blood coagulation    The sequential process in which the multiple coagulation factors of the blood interact, ultimately resulting in the formation of an insoluble fibrin clot; it may be divided into three stages: stage 1, the formation of intrinsic and extrinsic prothrombin converting principle; stage 2, the formation of thrombin; stage 3, the formation of stable fibrin polymers.
    GO:0030154    cell differentiation    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
    GO:0021683    cerebellar granular layer morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structure of the cerebellar granular layer is generated and organized. The granular layer is the innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex. This layer contains densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells. Some Golgi cells are found at the outer border. Granule neurons send parallel fibers to the upper molecular layer, where they synapse with Purkinje cell dendrites. Mossy fibers from the pontine nuclei in the white matter synapse with granule cell axons, Golgi cell axons and unipolar brush interneuron axons at cerebellar glomeruli in the granule cell layer.
    GO:0061110    dense core granule biogenesis    A cellular process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, and arrangement of constituent parts of a dense core granule. Includes biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, and those macromolecular modifications that are involved in synthesis or assembly of the dense core granule.
    GO:0050974    detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception    The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception.
    GO:0007566    embryo implantation    Attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine lining.
    GO:0060384    innervation    The process in which a nerve invades a tissue and makes functional synaptic connection within the tissue.
    GO:0060291    long-term synaptic potentiation    A process that modulates synaptic plasticity such that synapses are changed resulting in the increase in the rate, or frequency of synaptic transmission at the synapse.
    GO:0042628    mating plug formation    The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0030195    negative regulation of blood coagulation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation.
    GO:0030308    negative regulation of cell growth    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0010951    negative regulation of endopeptidase activity    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of endopeptidase activity, the endohydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
    GO:0010466    negative regulation of peptidase activity    Any process that stops or reduces the rate of peptidase activity, the hydrolysis of peptide bonds within proteins.
    GO:0014067    negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction mediated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase cascade.
    GO:0010757    negative regulation of plasminogen activation    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of plasminogen activation. Plasminogen activation is the process in which plasminogen is processed to plasmin.
    GO:0010544    negative regulation of platelet activation    Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of platelet activation. Platelet activation is a series of progressive, overlapping events triggered by exposure of the platelets to subendothelial tissue.
    GO:0090331    negative regulation of platelet aggregation    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation is the adhesion of one platelet to one or more other platelets via adhesion molecules.
    GO:0042177    negative regulation of protein catabolic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
    GO:0010955    negative regulation of protein processing    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of protein maturation by peptide bond cleavage.
    GO:0045861    negative regulation of proteolysis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein.
    GO:0045879    negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of smoothened signaling.
    GO:0010766    negative regulation of sodium ion transport    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of sodium ions (Na+) into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0007399    nervous system development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of nervous tissue over time, from its formation to its mature state.
    GO:0048711    positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
    GO:0010976    positive regulation of neuron projection development    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of neuron projection development. Neuron projection development is the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a neuron projection over time, from its formation to the mature structure. A neuron projection is any process extending from a neural cell, such as axons or dendrites (collectively called neurites).
    GO:0030334    regulation of cell migration    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0051966    regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of glutamatergic synaptic transmission, the process of communication from a neuron to another neuron across a synapse using the neurotransmitter glutamate.
    GO:0048505    regulation of timing of cell differentiation    The process controlling the activation and/or rate at which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized features. Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the XXX at a consistent predetermined time point during its development.
    GO:0009314    response to radiation    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation.
    GO:0009611    response to wounding    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism.
    GO:0032940    secretion by cell    The controlled release of a substance by a cell.
    GO:0033363    secretory granule organization    A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a secretory granule. A secretory granule is a small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
    GO:0061108    seminal vesicle epithelium development    The progression of the seminal vesicle epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
cellular component
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0031012    extracellular matrix    A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0005615    extracellular space    That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
    GO:1903561    extracellular vesicle    Any vesicle that is part of the extracellular region.
    GO:0031232    extrinsic component of external side of plasma membrane    The component of a plasma membrane consisting of gene products and protein complexes that are loosely bound to its external surface, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0031594    neuromuscular junction    The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a change in post-synaptic potential.
    GO:0043025    neuronal cell body    The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
    GO:0031091    platelet alpha granule    A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG).

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