molecular function |
| GO:0005524 | | ATP binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator. |
| GO:0046332 | | SMAD binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a SMAD signaling protein. |
| GO:0048185 | | activin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with activin, a dimer of inhibin-beta subunits. |
| GO:0016361 | | activin receptor activity, type I | | Combining with activin-bound type II activin receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of activin signals. |
| GO:0019838 | | growth factor binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any growth factor, proteins or polypeptides that stimulate a cell or organism to grow or proliferate. |
| GO:0016301 | | kinase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a phosphate group, usually from ATP, to a substrate molecule. |
| GO:0046872 | | metal ion binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion. |
| GO:0000166 | | nucleotide binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose. |
| GO:0017046 | | peptide hormone binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any peptide with hormonal activity in animals. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0042803 | | protein homodimerization activity | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer. |
| GO:0004672 | | protein kinase activity | | Catalysis of the phosphorylation of an amino acid residue in a protein, usually according to the reaction: a protein + ATP = a phosphoprotein + ADP. |
| GO:0004674 | | protein serine/threonine kinase activity | | Catalysis of the reactions: ATP + protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
| GO:0004702 | | signal transducer, downstream of receptor, with serine/threonine kinase activity | | Conveys a signal from an upstream receptor or intracellular signal transducer by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
| GO:0016740 | | transferase activity | | Catalysis of the transfer of a group, e.g. a methyl group, glycosyl group, acyl group, phosphorus-containing, or other groups, from one compound (generally regarded as the donor) to another compound (generally regarded as the acceptor). Transferase is the systematic name for any enzyme of EC class 2. |
| GO:0050431 | | transforming growth factor beta binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with TGF-beta, transforming growth factor beta, a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. |
| GO:0005025 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor activity, type I | | Combining with a complex of transforming growth factor beta and a type II TGF-beta receptor to initiate a change in cell activity; upon binding, acts as a downstream transducer of TGF-beta signals. |
| GO:0004675 | | transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase activity | | Combining with a signal and transmitting the signal from one side of the membrane to the other to initiate a change in cell activity by catalysis of the reaction: ATP protein serine = ADP + protein serine phosphate, and ATP + protein threonine = ADP + protein threonine phosphate. |
biological process |
| GO:0030509 | | BMP signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of a member of the BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) family to a receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0000082 | | G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle | | The mitotic cell cycle transition by which a cell in G1 commits to S phase. The process begins with the build up of G1 cyclin-dependent kinase (G1 CDK), resulting in the activation of transcription of G1 cyclins. The process ends with the positive feedback of the G1 cyclins on the G1 CDK which commits the cell to S phase, in which DNA replication is initiated. |
| GO:0032924 | | activin receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to an activin receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0002526 | | acute inflammatory response | | Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. |
| GO:0003289 | | atrial septum primum morphogenesis | | The process in which anatomical structure of an atrial septum primum is generated and organized. |
| GO:0001569 | | branching involved in blood vessel morphogenesis | | The process of coordinated growth and sprouting of blood vessels giving rise to the organized vascular system. |
| GO:0060923 | | cardiac muscle cell fate commitment | | The commitment of cells to specific cardiac muscle cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac muscle cells are striated muscle cells that are responsible for heart contraction. |
| GO:0071773 | | cellular response to BMP stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) stimulus. |
| GO:0071385 | | cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus | | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a glucocorticoid stimulus. Glucocorticoids are hormonal C21 corticosteroids synthesized from cholesterol with the ability to bind with the cortisol receptor and trigger similar effects. Glucocorticoids act primarily on carbohydrate and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory effects. |
| GO:0007368 | | determination of left/right symmetry | | The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry. |
| GO:0003143 | | embryonic heart tube morphogenesis | | The process in which the anatomical structures of the embryonic heart tube are generated and organized. The embryonic heart tube is an epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. |
| GO:0061445 | | endocardial cushion cell fate commitment | | The commitment of a cell to an endocardial cushion cell fate and its capacity to differentiate into an endocardial cushion cell. |
| GO:0007369 | | gastrulation | | A complex and coordinated series of cellular movements that occurs at the end of cleavage during embryonic development of most animals. The details of gastrulation vary from species to species, but usually result in the formation of the three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. |
| GO:0001702 | | gastrulation with mouth forming second | | A gastrulation process in which the initial invagination becomes the anus and the mouth forms second. |
| GO:0007281 | | germ cell development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an immature germ cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure (gamete). A germ cell is any reproductive cell in a multicellular organism. |
| GO:0007507 | | heart development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood. |
| GO:0001701 | | in utero embryonic development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus. |
| GO:0007498 | | mesoderm development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the mesoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mesoderm is the middle germ layer that develops into muscle, bone, cartilage, blood and connective tissue. |
| GO:0001707 | | mesoderm formation | | The process that gives rise to the mesoderm. This process pertains to the initial formation of the structure from unspecified parts. |
| GO:0003183 | | mitral valve morphogenesis | | The process in which the structure of the mitral valve is generated and organized. |
| GO:0032926 | | negative regulation of activin receptor signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of any activin receptor signaling pathway. |
| GO:2001237 | | negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | | Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. |
| GO:0009968 | | negative regulation of signal transduction | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
| GO:0001755 | | neural crest cell migration | | The characteristic movement of cells from the dorsal ridge of the neural tube to a variety of locations in a vertebrate embryo. |
| GO:0060389 | | pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a pathway restricted SMAD protein. A pathway restricted SMAD protein is an effector protein that acts directly downstream of the transforming growth factor family receptor. |
| GO:0018107 | | peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation | | The phosphorylation of peptidyl-threonine to form peptidyl-O-phospho-L-threonine. |
| GO:0060037 | | pharyngeal system development | | The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the pharyngeal system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The pharyngeal system is a transient embryonic complex that is specific to vertebrates. It comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming: the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear. |
| GO:0016310 | | phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group into a molecule, usually with the formation of a phosphoric ester, a phosphoric anhydride or a phosphoric amide. |
| GO:0030501 | | positive regulation of bone mineralization | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of bone mineralization. |
| GO:0030335 | | positive regulation of cell migration | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. |
| GO:2000017 | | positive regulation of determination of dorsal identity | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of determination of dorsal identity. |
| GO:0045669 | | positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation. |
| GO:0010862 | | positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation. Pathway-restricted SMAD proteins and common-partner SMAD proteins are involved in the transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathways. |
| GO:0045944 | | positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
| GO:0045893 | | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0006468 | | protein phosphorylation | | The process of introducing a phosphate group on to a protein. |
| GO:0030278 | | regulation of ossification | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation. |
| GO:0023014 | | signal transduction by protein phosphorylation | | A process in which the transfer of one or more phosphate groups to a substrate transmits a signal to the phosphorylated substrate. |
| GO:0051145 | | smooth muscle cell differentiation | | The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a smooth muscle cell; smooth muscle lacks transverse striations in its constituent fibers and are almost always involuntary. |
| GO:0007179 | | transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a transforming growth factor beta receptor on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
| GO:0007178 | | transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway | | A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a receptor on the surface of the target cell where the receptor possesses serine/threonine kinase activity, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. |
cellular component |
| GO:0048179 | | activin receptor complex | | A protein complex that acts as an activin receptor. Heterodimeric activin receptors, comprising one Type I activin receptor and one Type II receptor polypeptide, and heterotrimeric receptors have been observed. |
| GO:0045177 | | apical part of cell | | The region of a polarized cell that forms a tip or is distal to a base. For example, in a polarized epithelial cell, the apical region has an exposed surface and lies opposite to the basal lamina that separates the epithelium from other tissue. |
| GO:0016021 | | integral component of membrane | | The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0005887 | | integral component of plasma membrane | | The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane. |
| GO:0016020 | | membrane | | A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it. |