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(-) Description

Title :  A MIXED POPULATION OF ANTAGONIST AND AGONIST BINDING CONFORMERS IN A SINGLE CRYSTAL EXPLAINS PARTIAL AGONISM AGAINST VITAMIN D RECEPTOR: ACTIVE VITAMIN D ANALOGUES WITH 22R-ALKYL GROUP
 
Authors :  Y. Anami, T. Itoh, K. Yamamoto
Date :  08 Apr 14  (Deposition) - 11 Jun 14  (Release) - 11 Jun 14  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.90
Chains :  Asym./Biol. Unit :  A,C
Keywords :  Transcription, Vitamin D3, Vdre, Rxr, Co-Factors, Nuclear (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  Y. Anami, T. Itoh, D. Egawa, N. Yoshimoto, K. Yamamoto
A Mixed Population Of Antagonist And Agonist Binding Conformers In A Single Crystal Explains Partial Agonism Against Vitamin D Receptor: Active Vitamin D Analogues With 22R-Alkyl Group.
J. Med. Chem. V. 57 4351 2014
PubMed-ID: 24742174  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1021/JM500392T

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - VITAMIN D3 RECEPTOR
    ChainsA
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Taxid562
    FragmentLIGAND BINDING DOMAIN, UNP RESIDUES 116-164, 212-423
    GeneVDR, NR1I1
    Organism CommonRATS
    Organism ScientificRATTUS NORVEGICUS
    Organism Taxid10116
    SynonymVDR, 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D3 RECEPTOR, NUCLEAR RECEPTOR SUBFAMILY 1 GROUP I MEMBER 1
 
Molecule 2 - MEDIATOR OF RNA POLYMERASE II TRANSCRIPTION SUBUNIT 1
    ChainsC
    EngineeredYES
    FragmentDRIP205 NR2 BOX PEPTIDE, UNP RESIDUES 640-652
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    Other DetailsTHE PEPTIDE WAS CHEMICALLY SYNTHESIZED.
    SyntheticYES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric/Biological Unit AC

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1YA11Ligand/Ion(1R,3R,7E,17BETA)-17-[(2R,3R)-3-BUTYL-6-HYDROXY-6-METHYLHEPTAN-2-YL]-2-METHYLIDENE-9,10-SECOESTRA-5,7-DIENE-1,3-DIOL

(-) Sites  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWARETYR A:143 , VAL A:230 , SER A:233 , ILE A:264 , MET A:268 , ARG A:270 , SER A:271 , SER A:274 , TRP A:282 , CYS A:284 , VAL A:296 , HIS A:301 , ILE A:306 , LEU A:309 , HIS A:393 , LEU A:400 , PHE A:418 , HOH A:766 , HOH A:812BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE YA1 A 501

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3WT5)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (2, 2)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
No.Residues
1Ser A:218 -Pro A:219
2Pro A:369 -Pro A:370

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (0, 0)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 3WT5)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 3WT5)

(-) Exons   (1, 1)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 1)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1ENST000003006511ENSE00001387933chr17:37607521-37607291231MED1_HUMAN1-990--
1.2ENST000003006512ENSE00001317542chr17:37604157-37604051107MED1_HUMAN9-44360--
1.3ENST000003006513ENSE00001121901chr17:37599881-3759980379MED1_HUMAN45-71270--
1.4ENST000003006514ENSE00001111436chr17:37596930-3759687655MED1_HUMAN71-89190--
1.5ENST000003006515ENSE00001111460chr17:37596771-37596639133MED1_HUMAN89-133450--
1.6ENST000003006516ENSE00001111451chr17:37595446-3759541829MED1_HUMAN134-143100--
1.7ENST000003006517ENSE00001121873chr17:37590573-3759050272MED1_HUMAN143-167250--
1.8ENST000003006518ENSE00001111420chr17:37588269-3758819575MED1_HUMAN167-192260--
1.9ENST000003006519ENSE00001111416chr17:37587441-3758736874MED1_HUMAN192-217260--
1.10ENST0000030065110ENSE00001111428chr17:37584043-3758395490MED1_HUMAN217-247310--
1.11ENST0000030065111ENSE00001111422chr17:37580991-37580880112MED1_HUMAN247-284380--
1.12ENST0000030065112ENSE00001111425chr17:37580074-37579950125MED1_HUMAN284-326430--
1.13ENST0000030065113ENSE00001111423chr17:37579698-37579580119MED1_HUMAN326-365400--
1.14ENST0000030065114ENSE00001111421chr17:37576171-37575970202MED1_HUMAN366-433680--
1.15ENST0000030065115ENSE00001111430chr17:37571592-3757149796MED1_HUMAN433-465330--
1.16ENST0000030065116ENSE00001111419chr17:37571384-37571279106MED1_HUMAN465-500360--
1.17bENST0000030065117bENSE00001303897chr17:37566974-375628544121MED1_HUMAN500-158110821C:625-63511

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:240
 aligned with VDR_RAT | P13053 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:423

    Alignment length:298
                                   132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392       402       412        
              VDR_RAT   123 KLSEEQQHIIAILLDAHHKTYDPTYADFRDFRPPVRMDGSTGSYSPRPTLSFSGNSSSSSSDLYTTSLDMMEPSGFSNLDLNGEDSDDPSVTLDLSPLSMLPHLADLVSYSIQKVIGFAKMIPGFRDLTSDDQIVLLKSSAIEVIMLRSNQSFTMDDMSWDCGSQDYKYDVTDVSKAGHTLELIEPLIKFQVGLKKLNLHEEEHVLLMAICIVSPDRPGVQDAKLVEAIQDRLSNTLQTYIRCRHPPPGSHQLYAKMIQKLADLRSLNEEHSKQYRSLSFQPENSMKLTPLVLEVFGN 420
               SCOP domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhh......----------------------------------------------------------....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...ee....eee......eehhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3wt5 A 123 KLSEEQQHIIAILLDAHHKTYDPTYADFRDFRPPVRM----------------------------------------------------------SPLSMLPHLADLVSYSIQKVIGFAKMIPGFRDLTSDDQIVLLKSSAIEVIMLRSNQSFTMDDMSWDCGSQDYKYDVTDVSKAGHTLELIEPLIKFQVGLKKLNLHEEEHVLLMAICIVSPDRPGVQDAKLVEAIQDRLSNTLQTYIRCRHPPPGSHQLYAKMIQKLADLRSLNEEHSKQYRSLSFQPENSMKLTPLVLEVFGN 420
                                   132       142       152      |  -         -         -         -         -         -     | 222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392       402       412        
                                                              159                                                        218                                                                                                                                                                                                          

Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:11
 aligned with MED1_HUMAN | Q15648 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:1581

    Alignment length:11
                                   649 
           MED1_HUMAN   640 KNHPMLMNLLK 650
               SCOP domains ----------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ----------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ----------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ----------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.17b  Transcript 1
                 3wt5 C 625 KNHPMLMNLLK 635
                                   634 

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 3WT5)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3WT5)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3WT5)

(-) Gene Ontology  (126, 133)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (VDR_RAT | P13053)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:1902098    calcitriol binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcitriol. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) is the hormonally active form of vitamin D3.
    GO:0008434    calcitriol receptor activity    Combining with calcitriol, the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, and transmitting the signal to the transcriptional machinery by interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003707    steroid hormone receptor activity    Combining with a steroid hormone and transmitting the signal within the cell to initiate a change in cell activity or function.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0005499    vitamin D binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with vitamin D, any of a group of related, fat-soluble compounds that are derived from delta-5,7 steroids and play a central role in calcium metabolism. Specific forms of vitamin D include calciferol (ergocalciferol; vitamin D2) and cholecalciferol (calciol; vitamin D3).
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0007568    aging    A developmental process that is a deterioration and loss of function over time. Aging includes loss of functions such as resistance to disease, homeostasis, and fertility, as well as wear and tear. Aging includes cellular senescence, but is more inclusive. May precede death and may succeed developmental maturation (GO:0021700).
    GO:0097190    apoptotic signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered.
    GO:0071305    cellular response to vitamin D    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vitamin D stimulus.
    GO:0007507    heart development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0051924    regulation of calcium ion transport    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the directed movement of calcium ions into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
    GO:0006357    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0051592    response to calcium ion    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a calcium ion stimulus.
    GO:0032355    response to estradiol    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of stimulus by estradiol, a C18 steroid hormone hydroxylated at C3 and C17 that acts as a potent estrogen.
    GO:0043401    steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals mediated by a steroid hormone binding to a receptor.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0070561    vitamin D receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a vitamin D receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
cellular component
    GO:0030315    T-tubule    Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
    GO:0005901    caveola    A membrane raft that forms small pit, depression, or invagination that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Examples include flask-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane in adipocytes associated with caveolin proteins, and minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis. Caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0001651    dense fibrillar component    A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins.
    GO:0000791    euchromatin    A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.
    GO:0000792    heterochromatin    A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
    GO:0043231    intracellular membrane-bounded organelle    Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
    GO:0005720    nuclear heterochromatin    A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin.
    GO:0016363    nuclear matrix    The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

Chain C   (MED1_HUMAN | Q15648)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0050693    LBD domain binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the LBD, the ligand binding domain found in nuclear receptors. In general, the LBDs consist of three layers comprised of twelve alpha-helices and several beta-strands that are organized around a lipophilic ligand-binding pocket.
    GO:0000978    RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a sequence of DNA that is in cis with and relatively close to a core promoter for RNA polymerase II.
    GO:0001104    RNA polymerase II transcription cofactor activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) regulatory transcription factor and also with the RNAP II basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind DNA, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal RNAP II transcription machinery.
    GO:0000981    RNA polymerase II transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription by RNA polymerase II. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0031490    chromatin DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that is assembled into chromatin.
    GO:0003682    chromatin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
    GO:0001047    core promoter binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
    GO:0030331    estrogen receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an estrogen receptor.
    GO:0016922    ligand-dependent nuclear receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently, in a ligand dependent manner, with a nuclear receptor protein.
    GO:0030374    ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription coactivator activity    The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjuction with a ligand-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
    GO:0036033    mediator complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a mediator complex. The mediator complex is a protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
    GO:0035257    nuclear hormone receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nuclear hormone receptor, a ligand-dependent receptor found in the nucleus of the cell.
    GO:0042975    peroxisome proliferator activated receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, alpha, beta or gamma.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0032403    protein complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0004872    receptor activity    Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
    GO:0042974    retinoic acid receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the retinoic acid receptor, a ligand-regulated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.
    GO:0046966    thyroid hormone receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a thyroid hormone receptor.
    GO:0030375    thyroid hormone receptor coactivator activity    The function of a transcription cofactor that activates transcription in conjunction with a thyroid hormone-dependent nuclear receptor from a RNA polymerase II promoter; does not bind DNA itself.
    GO:0003713    transcription coactivator activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a activating transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between activating transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
    GO:0003712    transcription cofactor activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a regulatory transcription factor and also with the basal transcription machinery in order to modulate transcription. Cofactors generally do not bind the template nucleic acid, but rather mediate protein-protein interactions between regulatory transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery.
    GO:0008134    transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a transcription factor, any protein required to initiate or regulate transcription.
    GO:0061630    ubiquitin protein ligase activity    Catalysis of the transfer of ubiquitin to a substrate protein via the reaction X-ubiquitin + S -> X + S-ubiquitin, where X is either an E2 or E3 enzyme, the X-ubiquitin linkage is a thioester bond, and the S-ubiquitin linkage is an amide bond: an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues in the substrate or, in the linear extension of ubiquitin chains, a peptide bond the between the C-terminal glycine and N-terminal methionine of ubiquitin residues.
    GO:0042809    vitamin D receptor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the vitamin D receptor, a nuclear receptor that mediates the action of vitamin D by binding DNA and controlling the transcription of hormone-sensitive genes.
biological process
    GO:0070371    ERK1 and ERK2 cascade    An intracellular protein kinase cascade containing at least ERK1 or ERK2 (MAPKs), a MEK (a MAPKK) and a MAP3K. The cascade can also contain two additional tiers: the upstream MAP4K and the downstream MAP Kinase-activated kinase (MAPKAPK). The kinases in each tier phosphorylate and activate the kinases in the downstream tier to transmit a signal within a cell.
    GO:0006702    androgen biosynthetic process    The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of androgens, C19 steroid hormones that can stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
    GO:0030521    androgen receptor signaling pathway    Any series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of an androgen binding to its receptor.
    GO:0001525    angiogenesis    Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
    GO:0009887    animal organ morphogenesis    Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions.
    GO:0031100    animal organ regeneration    The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.
    GO:0007420    brain development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
    GO:0043010    camera-type eye development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the camera-type eye over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The camera-type eye is an organ of sight that receives light through an aperture and focuses it through a lens, projecting it on a photoreceptor field.
    GO:0000902    cell morphogenesis    The developmental process in which the size or shape of a cell is generated and organized.
    GO:0044255    cellular lipid metabolic process    The chemical reactions and pathways involving lipids, as carried out by individual cells.
    GO:0071364    cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an epidermal growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0035729    cellular response to hepatocyte growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a hepatocyte growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0071383    cellular response to steroid hormone stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a steroid hormone stimulus.
    GO:0097067    cellular response to thyroid hormone stimulus    A change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a thyroid hormone stimulus.
    GO:0035050    embryonic heart tube development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryonic heart tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart tube forms as the heart rudiment from the heart field.
    GO:0035162    embryonic hemopoiesis    The stages of blood cell formation that take place within the embryo.
    GO:0035116    embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis    The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.
    GO:0001892    embryonic placenta development    The embryonically driven process whose specific outcome is the progression of the placenta over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The placenta is an organ of metabolic interchange between fetus and mother, partly of embryonic origin and partly of maternal origin.
    GO:0048822    enucleate erythrocyte development    The process aimed at the progression of an enucleate erythrocyte over time, from initial commitment of the cell to a specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0060750    epithelial cell proliferation involved in mammary gland duct elongation    The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland branch epithelial cells, resulting in the elongation of the branch. The mammary gland branch differs from the bud in that it is not the initial curved portion of the outgrowth.
    GO:0048821    erythrocyte development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an erythrocyte over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0045444    fat cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of an adipocyte, an animal connective tissue cell specialized for the synthesis and storage of fat.
    GO:0007507    heart development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0001701    in utero embryonic development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
    GO:0030518    intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of a intracellular steroid hormone receptor binding to one of its physiological ligands.
    GO:0030216    keratinocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.
    GO:0007595    lactation    The regulated release of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
    GO:0002088    lens development in camera-type eye    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lens over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The lens is a transparent structure in the eye through which light is focused onto the retina. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
    GO:0001889    liver development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
    GO:0042789    mRNA transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    The cellular synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0060745    mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy    The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized as a part of pregnancy.
    GO:0060744    mammary gland branching involved in thelarche    The process in which the branching structure of the mammary gland duct is generated and organized during the period of sexual maturity in mammals. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
    GO:0033598    mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation    The multiplication or reproduction of mammary gland epithelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Mammary gland epithelial cells make up the covering of surfaces of the mammary gland. The mammary gland is a large compound sebaceous gland that in female mammals is modified to secrete milk.
    GO:0035855    megakaryocyte development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a megakaryocyte cell over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Megakaryocyte development does not include the steps involved in committing a cell to a megakaryocyte fate. A megakaryocyte is a giant cell 50 to 100 micron in diameter, with a greatly lobulated nucleus, found in the bone marrow.
    GO:0030224    monocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized myeloid precursor cell acquires the specialized features of a monocyte.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0043066    negative regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0010839    negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of keratinocyte proliferation. Keratinocyte proliferation is the multiplication or reproduction of keratinocytes, resulting in the expansion of a cell population.
    GO:0045665    negative regulation of neuron differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0035357    peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a ligand to any of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (alpha, beta or gamma) in the nuclear membrane, and ending with the initiation or termination of the transcription of target genes.
    GO:0070318    positive regulation of G0 to G1 transition    A cell cycle process that activates or increases the rate or extent of the transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0045648    positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of erythrocyte differentiation.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:2000347    positive regulation of hepatocyte proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of hepatocyte proliferation.
    GO:0060335    positive regulation of interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway    Any process that increases the rate, frequency or extent of the series of molecular events generated as a consequence of interferon-gamma binding to a cell surface receptor.
    GO:0033148    positive regulation of intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the activity of an intracellular estrogen receptor signaling pathway.
    GO:0045618    positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
    GO:0033601    positive regulation of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0033160    positive regulation of protein import into nucleus, translocation    Any process that activates or increases the vectorial transfer of a protein from the cytoplasm into the nucleus, across the nuclear membrane.
    GO:2000273    positive regulation of receptor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of receptor activity.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0016567    protein ubiquitination    The process in which one or more ubiquitin groups are added to a protein.
    GO:2001141    regulation of RNA biosynthetic process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of RNA biosynthetic process.
    GO:0051726    regulation of cell cycle    Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
    GO:0006356    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter.
    GO:0006357    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0070562    regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway activity.
    GO:0003406    retinal pigment epithelium development    The progression of the retinal pigment epithelium over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The retinal pigment epithelium is the melanin-containing layer of cells between the retina and the choroid that absorbs scattered and reflected light and removes waste products produced by the photoreceptor cells.
    GO:0006590    thyroid hormone generation    The formation of either of the compounds secreted by the thyroid gland, mainly thyroxine and triiodothyronine. This is achieved by the iodination and joining of tyrosine molecules to form the precursor thyroglobin, proteolysis of this precursor gives rise to the thyroid hormones.
    GO:0002154    thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals mediated by the detection of a thyroid hormone.
    GO:0006367    transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process involved in the assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex (PIC) at an RNA polymerase II promoter region of a DNA template, resulting in the subsequent synthesis of RNA from that promoter. The initiation phase includes PIC assembly and the formation of the first few bonds in the RNA chain, including abortive initiation, which occurs when the first few nucleotides are repeatedly synthesized and then released. Promoter clearance, or release, is the transition between the initiation and elongation phases of transcription.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0003222    ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
cellular component
    GO:0000785    chromatin    The ordered and organized complex of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that forms the chromosome.
    GO:0016592    mediator complex    A protein complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and plays an active role in transducing the signal from a transcription factor to the transcriptional machinery. The mediator complex is required for activation of transcription of most protein-coding genes, but can also act as a transcriptional corepressor. The Saccharomyces complex contains several identifiable subcomplexes: a head domain comprising Srb2, -4, and -5, Med6, -8, and -11, and Rox3 proteins; a middle domain comprising Med1, -4, and -7, Nut1 and -2, Cse2, Rgr1, Soh1, and Srb7 proteins; a tail consisting of Gal11p, Med2p, Pgd1p, and Sin4p; and a regulatory subcomplex comprising Ssn2, -3, and -8, and Srb8 proteins. Metazoan mediator complexes have similar modular structures and include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005730    nucleolus    A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0032993    protein-DNA complex    A macromolecular complex containing both protein and DNA molecules.
    GO:0000151    ubiquitin ligase complex    A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase and enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity. The complex also contains other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        MED1_HUMAN | Q156481rjk 1rk3 1rkg 1rkh 2o4j 2o4r 2zfx 3a2h 3aun 3vjs 3vjt 3vrt 3vru 3vrv 3vrw 3w0g 3w0h 3w0i 3w0j 3w5p 3w5q 3w5r 3w5t 3wt6 3wt7 3wtq 4ynk 5awj 5awk 5b41 5b5b 5gic 5gid 5gie
        VDR_RAT | P130531rjk 1rk3 1rkg 1rkh 2o4j 2o4r 2zfx 2zl9 2zla 2zlc 2zmh 2zmi 2zmj 2zxm 2zxn 3a2h 3afr 3aun 3vjs 3vjt 3vrt 3vru 3vrv 3vrw 3vt3 3vt4 3vt5 3vt6 3vt7 3vt8 3vt9 3vtb 3vtc 3vtd 3w0g 3w0h 3w0i 3w0j 3w5p 3w5q 3w5r 3w5t 3wt6 3wt7 3wtq 4ynk 5awj 5awk 5b41 5b5b 5gic 5gid 5gie 5h1e

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

3wt6 3wt7