molecular function |
| GO:0003723 | | RNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA molecule or a portion thereof. |
| GO:0003682 | | chromatin binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. |
| GO:0042393 | | histone binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone, any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes. They are involved in the condensation and coiling of chromosomes during cell division and have also been implicated in nonspecific suppression of gene activity. |
| GO:0003729 | | mRNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with messenger RNA (mRNA), an intermediate molecule between DNA and protein. mRNA includes UTR and coding sequences, but does not contain introns. |
| GO:0035064 | | methylated histone binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a histone in which a residue has been modified by methylation. Histones are any of a group of water-soluble proteins found in association with the DNA of eukaroytic chromosomes. |
| GO:0005515 | | protein binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules). |
| GO:0000182 | | rDNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA sequences encoding ribosomal RNA. |
| GO:0003696 | | satellite DNA binding | | Interacting selectively and non-covalently with satellite DNA, the many tandem repeats (identical or related) of a short basic repeating unit; many have a base composition or other property different from the genome average that allows them to be separated from the bulk (main band) genomic DNA. |
biological process |
| GO:0044026 | | DNA hypermethylation | | An increase in the epigenetic methylation of cytosine and adenosine residues in DNA. |
| GO:0006342 | | chromatin silencing | | Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin. |
| GO:0030702 | | chromatin silencing at centromere | | Repression of transcription of centromeric DNA by altering the structure of chromatin. |
| GO:0051276 | | chromosome organization | | A process that is carried out at the cellular level that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of chromosomes, structures composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins that carries hereditary information. This term covers covalent modifications at the molecular level as well as spatial relationships among the major components of a chromosome. |
| GO:0006343 | | establishment of chromatin silencing | | The initial formation of a transcriptionally silent chromatin structure such as heterochromatin. |
| GO:0016458 | | gene silencing | | Any process carried out at the cellular level that results in either long-term transcriptional repression via action on chromatin structure or RNA mediated, post-transcriptional repression of gene expression. |
| GO:0031507 | | heterochromatin assembly | | The assembly of chromatin into heterochromatin, a compact and highly condensed form that is often, but not always, transcriptionally silent. |
| GO:0034773 | | histone H4-K20 trimethylation | | The modification of histone H4 by addition of three methyl groups to lysine at position 20 of the histone. |
| GO:0045892 | | negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0022008 | | neurogenesis | | Generation of cells within the nervous system. |
| GO:0033697 | | positive regulation of extent of heterochromatin assembly | | Any process that increases the extent of heterochromatin formation; increases the size of a chromosomal region converted to heterochromatin. |
| GO:1900111 | | positive regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of histone H3-K9 dimethylation. |
| GO:0090309 | | positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing | | Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of the repression of transcription by methylation of DNA, leading to the formation of heterochromatin. |
| GO:0045893 | | positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0042981 | | regulation of apoptotic process | | Any process that modulates the occurrence or rate of cell death by apoptotic process. |
| GO:0031060 | | regulation of histone methylation | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the covalent addition of methyl groups to histones. |
| GO:0006355 | | regulation of transcription, DNA-templated | | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
| GO:0000723 | | telomere maintenance | | Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences. |
| GO:0006351 | | transcription, DNA-templated | | The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA. |
cellular component |
| GO:0005694 | | chromosome | | A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. |
| GO:0000775 | | chromosome, centromeric region | | The region of a chromosome that includes the centromeric DNA and associated proteins. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome. |
| GO:0000781 | | chromosome, telomeric region | | The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins. |
| GO:0000793 | | condensed chromosome | | A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure. |
| GO:0000780 | | condensed nuclear chromosome, centromeric region | | The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore. In monocentric chromosomes, this region corresponds to a single area of the chromosome, whereas in holocentric chromosomes, it is evenly distributed along the chromosome. |
| GO:0000791 | | euchromatin | | A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin. |
| GO:0000792 | | heterochromatin | | A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin. |
| GO:0005720 | | nuclear heterochromatin | | A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin. |
| GO:0005654 | | nucleoplasm | | That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus. |
| GO:0005634 | | nucleus | | A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent. |
| GO:0005721 | | pericentric heterochromatin | | Heterochromatin that is located adjacent to the CENP-A rich centromere 'central core' and characterized by the modified histone H3K9me3. |
| GO:0005700 | | polytene chromosome | | A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible. |
| GO:0005704 | | polytene chromosome band | | A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band. |
| GO:0005701 | | polytene chromosome chromocenter | | A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together. |
| GO:0005703 | | polytene chromosome puff | | A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription. |
| GO:0035012 | | polytene chromosome, telomeric region | | The terminal region of a polytene chromosome. |