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(-) Description

Title :  CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF RAP1 AND TRF2 COMPLEX
 
Authors :  Y. Chen, R. Rai, Y. T. Yang, H. Zheng, S. Chang, M. Lei
Date :  08 Oct 09  (Deposition) - 13 Oct 10  (Release) - 16 Feb 11  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  1.95
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B,C,D,E,F
Biol. Unit 1:  A,D  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2:  B,E  (1x)
Biol. Unit 3:  C,F  (1x)
Keywords :  Helix, Chromosomal Protein, Nucleus, Phosphoprotein, Telomere, Cell Cycle, Dna-Binding, Protein Binding (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )
 
Reference :  Y. Chen, R. Rai, Z. R. Zhou, J. Kanoh, C. Ribeyre, Y. Yang, H. Zheng, P. Damay, F. Wang, H. Tsujii, Y. Hiraoka, D. Shore, H. Y. Hu, S. Chang, M. Lei
A Conserved Motif Within Rap1 Has Diversified Roles In Telomere Protection And Regulation In Different Organisms.
Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. V. 18 213 2011
PubMed-ID: 21217703  |  Reference-DOI: 10.1038/NSMB.1974

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - TELOMERIC REPEAT-BINDING FACTOR 2-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1
    Chains: A, B, C
    Engineered: YES
    Expression System: ESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Plasmid: PET28SUMO
    Expression System Strain: BL21
    Expression System Taxid: 562
    Expression System Vector Type: PLASMID
    Fragment: RAP1 C-TERMINAL DOMAIN (RESIDUES 303-399)
    Gene: TERF2IP, RAP1, PP8000
    Organism Common: HUMAN
    Organism Scientific: HOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid: 9606
    Synonym: TRF2-INTERACTING TELOMERIC PROTEIN RAP1, HRAP1
 
Molecule 2 - TELOMERIC REPEAT-BINDING FACTOR 2
    Chains: D, E, F
    Engineered: YES
    Expression System: ESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System Plasmid: PET28SUMO
    Expression System Strain: BL21
    Expression System Taxid: 562
    Expression System Vector Type: PLASMID
    Fragment: TRF2 (RESIDUES 275-316)
    Gene: TERF2, TRBF2, TRF2
    Organism Common: HUMAN
    Organism Scientific: HOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid: 9606
    Synonym: TTAGGG REPEAT-BINDING FACTOR 2, TELOMERIC DNA-BINDING PROTEIN

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  123456
Asymmetric Unit : ABCDEF
Biological Unit 1 (1x): A  D  
Biological Unit 2 (1x):  B  E 
Biological Unit 3 (1x):   C  F

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (1, 9)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 9)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1MSE9Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
Biological Unit 1 (1, 3)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1MSE3Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
Biological Unit 2 (1, 3)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1MSE3Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE
Biological Unit 3 (1, 3)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1MSE3Mod. Amino AcidSELENOMETHIONINE

(-) Sites  (0, 0)

(no "Site" information available for 3K6G)

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3K6G)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 3K6G)

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 3)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 3)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_050195K324ETE2IP_HUMANPolymorphism4888444A/B/CK324E
  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_050195K324ETE2IP_HUMANPolymorphism4888444AK324E
  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_050195K324ETE2IP_HUMANPolymorphism4888444BK324E
  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 3 (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_050195K324ETE2IP_HUMANPolymorphism4888444CK324E
  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (0, 0)

(no "PROSITE Motif" information available for 3K6G)

(-) Exons   (2, 6)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 6)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.1ENST000002549421ENSE00001141462chr16:69419859-69419496364TERF2_HUMAN1-85850--
1.2ENST000002549422ENSE00000904627chr16:69419389-6941929496TERF2_HUMAN85-117330--
1.3ENST000002549423ENSE00000904625chr16:69418613-69418483131TERF2_HUMAN117-160440--
1.4ENST000002549424ENSE00000904623chr16:69406258-6940617287TERF2_HUMAN161-189290--
1.5ENST000002549425ENSE00000904620chr16:69404532-69404386147TERF2_HUMAN190-238490--
1.6ENST000002549426ENSE00000904618chr16:69402385-69402279107TERF2_HUMAN239-274360--
1.7ENST000002549427ENSE00000904616chr16:69401102-69400710393TERF2_HUMAN274-4051323D:282-314
E:281-316
F:281-313		33
36
33
1.8ENST000002549428ENSE00000904614chr16:69395392-6939530786TERF2_HUMAN405-434300--
1.9ENST000002549429ENSE00000904612chr16:69391464-6939142144TERF2_HUMAN434-448150--
1.10ENST0000025494210ENSE00001141451chr16:69390959-693894641496TERF2_HUMAN449-500520--
2.1ENST000003000861ENSE00001107212chr16:75681684-75682450767TE2IP_HUMAN1-2242240--
2.2ENST000003000862ENSE00001107209chr16:75688171-75688295125TE2IP_HUMAN224-265420--
2.3ENST000003000863ENSE00001107207chr16:75690105-756913281224TE2IP_HUMAN266-3991343A:306-398
B:307-398
C:306-398		93
92
93

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it) 
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:93
 aligned with TE2IP_HUMAN | Q9NYB0 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:399

    Alignment length:93
                                   315       325       335       345       355       365       375       385       395   
          TE2IP_HUMAN   306 VSQPEVGAAIKIIRQLMEKFNLDLSTVTQAFLKNSGELEATSAFLASGQRADGYPIWSRQDDIDLQKDDEDTREALVKKFGAQNVARRIEFRK 398
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 2 Exon 2.3  PDB: A:306-398 UniProt: 266-399 [INCOMPLETE]                                        Transcript 2
                 3k6g A 306 VSQPEVGAAIKIIRQLmEKFNLDLSTVTQAFLKNSGELEATSAFLASGQRADGYPIWSRQDDIDLQKDDEDTREALVKKFGAQNVARRIEFRK 398
                                   315      |325       335       345       355       365       375       385       395   
                                          322-MSE                                                                        


Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:92
 aligned with TE2IP_HUMAN | Q9NYB0 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:399

    Alignment length:92
                                   316       326       336       346       356       366       376       386       396  
          TE2IP_HUMAN   307 SQPEVGAAIKIIRQLMEKFNLDLSTVTQAFLKNSGELEATSAFLASGQRADGYPIWSRQDDIDLQKDDEDTREALVKKFGAQNVARRIEFRK 398
               SCOP domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -----------------E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 2 Exon 2.3  PDB: B:307-398 UniProt: 266-399 [INCOMPLETE]                                       Transcript 2
                 3k6g B 307 SQPEVGAAIKIIRQLmEKFNLDLSTVTQAFLKNSGELEATSAFLASGQRADGYPIWSRQDDIDLQKDDEDTREALVKKFGAQNVARRIEFRK 398
                                   316     | 326       336       346       356       366       376       386       396  
                                         322-MSE                                                                        


Chain C from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:93
 aligned with TE2IP_HUMAN | Q9NYB0 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:399

    Alignment length:93
                                   315       325       335       345       355       365       375       385       395   
          TE2IP_HUMAN   306 VSQPEVGAAIKIIRQLMEKFNLDLSTVTQAFLKNSGELEATSAFLASGQRADGYPIWSRQDDIDLQKDDEDTREALVKKFGAQNVARRIEFRK 398
               SCOP domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhh.........hhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------E-------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 2 Exon 2.3  PDB: C:306-398 UniProt: 266-399 [INCOMPLETE]                                        Transcript 2
                 3k6g C 306 VSQPEVGAAIKIIRQLmEKFNLDLSTVTQAFLKNSGELEATSAFLASGQRADGYPIWSRQDDIDLQKDDEDTREALVKKFGAQNVARRIEFRK 398
                                   315      |325       335       345       355       365       375       385       395   
                                          322-MSE                                                                        


Chain D from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:33
 aligned with TERF2_HUMAN | Q15554 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:542

    Alignment length:33
                                   333       343       353   
          TERF2_HUMAN   324 TIGMMTLKAAFKTLSGAQDSEAAFAKLDQKDLV 356
               SCOP domains --------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ..hhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhhh... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.7  PDB: D:282-314          Transcript 1
                 3k6g D 282 TIGmmTLKAAFKTLSGAQDSEAAFAKLDQKDLV 314
                               ||  291       301       311   
                             285-MSE                         
                              286-MSE                        


Chain E from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:36
 aligned with TERF2_HUMAN | Q15554 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:542

    Alignment length:36
                                   332       342       352      
          TERF2_HUMAN   323 TTIGMMTLKAAFKTLSGAQDSEAAFAKLDQKDLVLP 358
               SCOP domains ------------------------------------ SCOP domains
               CATH domains ------------------------------------ CATH domains
               Pfam domains ------------------------------------ Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhh..... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ------------------------------------ SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ------------------------------------ PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.7  PDB: E:281-316             Transcript 1
                 3k6g E 281 TTIGmmTLKAAFKTLSGAQDSEAAFAKLDQKDLVLP 316
                                || 290       300       310      
                              285-MSE                           
                               286-MSE                          


Chain F from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:33
 aligned with TERF2_HUMAN | Q15554 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:542

    Alignment length:33
                                   332       342       352   
          TERF2_HUMAN   323 TTIGMMTLKAAFKTLSGAQDSEAAFAKLDQKDL 355
               SCOP domains --------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...hhhhhhhhhhhhh...hhhhhhhhhhhh.. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE --------------------------------- PROSITE
               Transcript 1 Exon 1.7  PDB: F:281-313          Transcript 1
                 3k6g F 281 TTIGmmTLKAAFKTLSGAQDSEAAFAKLDQKDL 313
                                || 290       300       310   
                              285-MSE                        
                               286-MSE
   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (0, 0)

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 3K6G)

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3K6G)

(-) Pfam Domains  (0, 0)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3K6G)

(-) Gene Ontology  (52, 71)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A,B,C   (TE2IP_HUMAN | Q9NYB0)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0098505    G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042162    telomeric DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.
biological process
    GO:0048239    negative regulation of DNA recombination at telomere    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of genetic recombination within the telomere.
    GO:0032205    negative regulation of telomere maintenance    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
    GO:0043123    positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling.
    GO:0051092    positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
    GO:0033138    positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the phosphorylation of peptidyl-serine.
    GO:1901985    positive regulation of protein acetylation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of protein acetylation.
    GO:0031848    protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere    A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse.
    GO:0070198    protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region    Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.
    GO:0010569    regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the error-free repair of a double-strand break in DNA in which the broken DNA molecule is repaired using homologous sequences.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0016233    telomere capping    A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.
    GO:0000723    telomere maintenance    Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.
    GO:0007004    telomere maintenance via telomerase    The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
    GO:0010833    telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening    Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins and lengthening the telomeric DNA.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
cellular component
    GO:0030870    Mre11 complex    Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.
    GO:0005694    chromosome    A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
    GO:0000781    chromosome, telomeric region    The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0000228    nuclear chromosome    A chromosome that encodes the nuclear genome and is found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during the cell cycle phases when the nucleus is intact.
    GO:0000784    nuclear chromosome, telomeric region    The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
    GO:0005635    nuclear envelope    The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
    GO:0000783    nuclear telomere cap complex    A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0070187    shelterin complex    A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Schizosaccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.

Chain D,E,F   (TERF2_HUMAN | Q15554)
molecular function
    GO:0003677    DNA binding    Any molecular function by which a gene product interacts selectively and non-covalently with DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
    GO:0098505    G-rich strand telomeric DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with G-rich, single-stranded, telomere-associated DNA.
    GO:0003691    double-stranded telomeric DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with double-stranded telomere-associated DNA.
    GO:0044877    macromolecular complex binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any macromolecular complex.
    GO:0008022    protein C-terminus binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein C-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 1-carboxy function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0003720    telomerase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1). Catalyzes extension of the 3'- end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time using an internal RNA template that encodes the telomeric repeat sequence.
    GO:0042162    telomeric DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a telomere, a specific structure at the end of a linear chromosome required for the integrity and maintenance of the end.
biological process
    GO:0007049    cell cycle    The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
    GO:0090398    cellular senescence    A cell aging process stimulated in response to cellular stress, whereby normal cells lose the ability to divide through irreversible cell cycle arrest.
    GO:1903770    negative regulation of beta-galactosidase activity    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of beta-galactosidase activity.
    GO:2000773    negative regulation of cellular senescence    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular senescence.
    GO:0010629    negative regulation of gene expression    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:1904430    negative regulation of t-circle formation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of t-circle formation.
    GO:1904354    negative regulation of telomere capping    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere capping.
    GO:0032205    negative regulation of telomere maintenance    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
    GO:0032208    negative regulation of telomere maintenance via recombination    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a recombinational process involved in the maintenance of proper telomeric length.
    GO:0032214    negative regulation of telomere maintenance via semi-conservative replication    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the semi-conservative replication of telomeric DNA.
    GO:1903824    negative regulation of telomere single strand break repair    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of telomere single strand break repair.
    GO:0010628    positive regulation of gene expression    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0051000    positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity    Any process that activates or increases the activity of the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase.
    GO:0032206    positive regulation of telomere maintenance    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
    GO:0031848    protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere    A process that prevents non-homologous end joining at telomere, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse.
    GO:0070198    protein localization to chromosome, telomeric region    Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained at, the telomeric region of a chromosome.
    GO:0032204    regulation of telomere maintenance    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process that affects and monitors the activity of telomeric proteins and the length of telomeric DNA.
    GO:0032210    regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
    GO:0016233    telomere capping    A process in which telomeres are protected from degradation and fusion, thereby ensuring chromosome stability by protecting the ends from both degradation and from being recognized as damaged DNA. May be mediated by specific single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA binding proteins.
    GO:0000723    telomere maintenance    Any process that contributes to the maintenance of proper telomeric length and structure by affecting and monitoring the activity of telomeric proteins, the length of telomeric DNA and the replication and repair of the DNA. These processes includes those that shorten, lengthen, replicate and repair the telomeric DNA sequences.
    GO:0007004    telomere maintenance via telomerase    The maintenance of proper telomeric length by the addition of telomeric repeats by telomerase.
    GO:0031627    telomeric loop formation    The process in which linear telomeric DNA is remodeled into duplex loops, by the invasion of a 3' single-stranded overhang into the duplex region.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0030870    Mre11 complex    Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in meiotic recombination, DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins orthologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins.
    GO:0005694    chromosome    A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
    GO:0000781    chromosome, telomeric region    The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0000784    nuclear chromosome, telomeric region    The terminal region of a linear nuclear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
    GO:0000783    nuclear telomere cap complex    A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0070187    shelterin complex    A nuclear telomere cap complex that is formed by the association of telomeric ssDNA- and dsDNA-binding proteins with telomeric DNA, and is involved in telomere protection and recruitment of telomerase. The complex is known to contain TERF1, TERF2, POT1, RAP1, TINF2 and ACD in mammalian cells, and Pot1, Tpz1, Rap1, Rif1, Rif2 and Taz1 in Schizosaccharomyces. Taz1 and Rap1 (or their mammalian equivalents) form a dsDNA-binding subcomplex, Pot1 and Tpz1 form an ssDNA-binding subcomplex, and the two subcomplexes are bridged by Poz1, which acts as an effector molecule along with Ccq1.

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 Related Entries

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        TE2IP_HUMAN | Q9NYB0: 1fex 4rqi
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