3VP6 - JenaLib

Asym./Biol. Unit (Jmol Viewer)

Asym./Biol. Unit - sites (Jmol Viewer)

Title :   STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE; INSIGHTS INTO THE MECHANISM OF AUTOINACTIVATION

Authors :   C. G. Langendorf, K. L. Tuck, T. L. G. Key, C. J. Rosado, A. S. M. Wong, G. Fe A. M. Buckle, R. H. P. Law, J. C. Whisstock

Date :   27 Feb 12 (Deposition) - 16 Jan 13 (Release) - 14 Aug 13 (Revision)

Method :   X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Resolution :   2.10

Chains :   Asym./Biol. Unit : A,B

Keywords :   Catalytic Loop Swap, Lyase (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )

Reference :   C. G. Langendorf, K. L. Tuck, T. L. G. Key, G. Fenalti, R. N. Pike, C. J. Rosado, A. S. M. Wong, A. M. Buckle, R. H. P. Law, J. C. Whisstock
Structural Characterization Of The Mechanism Through Which Human Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Auto-Activates
Biosci. Rep. V. 33 137 2013
PubMed-ID: 23126365 | Reference-DOI: 10.1042/BSR20120111

Molecule 1 - GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 1
	Chains	:	A, B
	EC Number	:	4.1.1.15
	Engineered	:	YES
	Expression System	:	SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
	Expression System Common	:	YEAST
	Expression System Plasmid	:	PAS-1N
	Expression System Strain	:	YRD15
	Expression System Taxid	:	4932
	Expression System Vector Type	:	PLASMID
	Fragment	:	UNP RESIDUES 90-594
	Gene	:	GAD1
	Organism Common	:	HUMAN
	Organism Scientific	:	HOMO SAPIENS
	Organism Taxid	:	9606
	Synonym	:	67 KDA GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE, GAD-67, GLUTAMATE DECARBOXYLASE 67 KDA ISOFORM

		1	2
Asymmetric/Biological Unit	:	A	B

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (3, 6)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	GOL	2	Ligand/Ion	GLYCEROL
2	HLD	2	Ligand/Ion	4-OXO-4H-PYRAN-2,6-DICARBOXYLIC ACID
3	LLP	2	Mod. Amino Acid	2-LYSINE(3-HYDROXY-2-METHYL-5-PHOSPHONOOXYMETHYL-PYRIDIN-4-YLMETHANE)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 4)

No.	Name	Evidence	Residues	Description
1	AC1	SOFTWARE	ASN A:189 , GLN A:190 , LEU A:191 , SER A:192 , HIS A:291 , LLP A:405 , ARG A:567 , HOH A:1223 , ASN B:212 , CYS B:455	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE HLD A 1001
2	AC2	SOFTWARE	LEU A:435 , CYS A:455 , ASN B:189 , GLN B:190 , LEU B:191 , SER B:192 , HIS B:291 , LLP B:405 , ARG B:567 , HOH B:1196	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE HLD B 1001
3	AC3	SOFTWARE	CYS B:363 , GLU B:364 , ASN B:367 , LEU B:368 , ARG B:395 , ASN B:397 , HOH B:1103	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL B 1002
4	AC4	SOFTWARE	TYR B:267 , PRO B:338 , TYR B:366 , ASN B:367 , HOH B:1222	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL B 1003

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3VP6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

No.	Residues
1	Leu A:104	-	Pro A:105
2	Leu A:411	-	Gln A:412
3	Arg A:523	-	Gly A:524
4	Leu B:104	-	Pro B:105
5	Leu B:411	-	Gln B:412
6	Ser B:433	-	Tyr B:434
7	Gln B:437	-	Gln B:438

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (4, 8)

								dbSNP	PDB
No.	Source	Variant ID	Variant			UniProt ID	Status	ID	Chain	Variant
1	UniProt	VAR_018861	I	228	L	DCE1_HUMAN	Polymorphism	45566933	A/B	I	228	L
2	UniProt	VAR_011882	V	474	G	DCE1_HUMAN	Polymorphism	769403	A/B	V	474	G
3	UniProt	VAR_011883	R	532	Q	DCE1_HUMAN	Polymorphism	769402	A/B	R	532	Q
4	UniProt	VAR_011884	F	565	L	DCE1_HUMAN	Polymorphism	1049736	A/B	F	565	L

SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (1, 2)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	DDC_GAD_HDC_YDC	PS00392	DDC / GAD / HDC / TyrDC pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site.	DCE1_HUMAN	398-419	2	A:398-419 B:398-419

Asymmetric/Biological Unit (14, 28)

	ENSEMBL					UniProtKB			PDB
No.	Transcript ID	Exon	Exon ID	Genome Location	Length	ID	Location	Length	Count	Location	Length
1.3a	ENST00000358196	3a	ENSE00001842698	chr2:171673072-171673558	487	DCE1_HUMAN	-	0	0	-	-
1.5d	ENST00000358196	5d	ENSE00001338054	chr2:171675039-171675183	145	DCE1_HUMAN	1-28	28	0	-	-
1.6c	ENST00000358196	6c	ENSE00000782079	chr2:171678597-171678659	63	DCE1_HUMAN	28-49	22	0	-	-
1.7d	ENST00000358196	7d	ENSE00000782080	chr2:171685985-171686143	159	DCE1_HUMAN	49-102	54	2	A:93-102 B:95-102	10 8
1.8d	ENST00000358196	8d	ENSE00000782081	chr2:171687460-171687702	243	DCE1_HUMAN	102-183	82	2	A:102-183 B:102-183	82 82
1.9	ENST00000358196	9	ENSE00001629948	chr2:171693303-171693393	91	DCE1_HUMAN	183-213	31	2	A:183-213 B:183-213	31 31
1.11b	ENST00000358196	11b	ENSE00001746727	chr2:171700555-171700667	113	DCE1_HUMAN	213-251	39	2	A:213-251 B:213-251	39 39
1.12b	ENST00000358196	12b	ENSE00001746204	chr2:171702016-171702131	116	DCE1_HUMAN	251-289	39	2	A:251-289 B:251-289	39 39
1.13	ENST00000358196	13	ENSE00001804749	chr2:171702216-171702295	80	DCE1_HUMAN	290-316	27	2	A:290-316 B:290-316	27 27
1.14	ENST00000358196	14	ENSE00001689327	chr2:171702519-171702573	55	DCE1_HUMAN	316-334	19	2	A:316-334 B:316-334	19 19
1.15	ENST00000358196	15	ENSE00001651804	chr2:171704186-171704302	117	DCE1_HUMAN	335-373	39	2	A:335-373 B:335-373	39 39
1.17b	ENST00000358196	17b	ENSE00001671408	chr2:171705796-171705860	65	DCE1_HUMAN	374-395	22	2	A:374-395 B:374-395	22 22
1.18b	ENST00000358196	18b	ENSE00001742181	chr2:171709224-171709302	79	DCE1_HUMAN	395-421	27	2	A:395-421 B:395-421	27 27
1.18c	ENST00000358196	18c	ENSE00001701023	chr2:171710383-171710532	150	DCE1_HUMAN	422-471	50	2	A:422-471 B:422-471	50 50
1.19	ENST00000358196	19	ENSE00001771447	chr2:171713528-171713635	108	DCE1_HUMAN	472-507	36	2	A:472-507 B:472-507	36 36
1.20	ENST00000358196	20	ENSE00001676332	chr2:171715314-171715403	90	DCE1_HUMAN	508-537	30	2	A:508-537 B:508-537 (gaps)	30 30
1.21e	ENST00000358196	21e	ENSE00001838008	chr2:171716219-171717661	1443	DCE1_HUMAN	538-594	57	2	A:538-592 B:538-590	55 53

Asymmetric/Biological Unit

Reformat:	Number of residues per line = ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
	Number of residues per labelling interval =
	UniProt sequence: complete aligned part

Show mapping:	SCOP domains	CATH domains	Pfam domains	Secondary structure (by author)
	SAPs(SNPs)	PROSITE motifs	Exons
	(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:500
 aligned with DCE1_HUMAN | Q99259 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:594

    Alignment length:500
                                   102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392       402       412       422       432       442       452       462       472       482       492       502       512       522       532       542       552       562       572       582       592
           DCE1_HUMAN    93 TDFSNLFARDLLPAKNGEEQTVQFLLEVVDILLNYVRKTFDRSTKVLDFHHPHQLLEGMEGFNLELSDHPESLEQILVDCRDTLKYGVRTGHPRFFNQLSTGLDIIGLAGEWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLMEQITLKKMREIVGWSSKDGDGIFSPGGAISNMYSIMAARYKYFPEVKTKGMAAVPKLVLFTSEQSHYSIKKAGAALGFGTDNVILIKCNERGKIIPADFEAKILEAKQKGYVPFYVNATAGTTVYGAFDPIQEIADICEKYNLWLHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHRHKLNGIERANSVTWNPHKMMGVLLQCSAILVKEKGILQGCNQMCAGYLFQPDKQYDVSYDTGDKAIQCGRHVDIFKFWLMWKAKGTVGFENQINKCLELAEYLYAKIKNREEFEMVFNGEPEHTNVCFWYIPQSLRGVPDSPQRREKLHKVAPKIKALMMESGTTMVGYQPQGDKANFFRMVISNPAATQSDIDFLIEEIERLGQ 592
               SCOP domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ......hhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhhh.............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........ee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeee....hhhhhhhhhh..hhh.eeee........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeeee.hhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhh.eeee............eeeee...hhhhhhhh.............hhhhhhhhhh.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh...eee..........eeeee.hhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeee..eeeeeee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G---------------------------------------------------------Q--------------------------------L--------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DDC_GAD_HDC_YDC       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.7d --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.11b  PDB: A:213-251             --------------------------------------Exon 1.13  PDB: A:290-316  ------------------Exon 1.15  PDB: A:335-373              Exon 1.17b            --------------------------Exon 1.18c  PDB: A:422-471 UniProt: 422-471       Exon 1.19  PDB: A:472-507           Exon 1.20  PDB: A:508-537     Exon 1.21e  PDB: A:538-592 UniProt: 538-594             Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) ---------Exon 1.8d  PDB: A:102-183 UniProt: 102-183                                        -------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.12b  PDB: A:251-289             --------------------------Exon 1.14          ------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.18b  PDB: A:395-421 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
           Transcript 1 (3) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: A:183-213       ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (3)
                 3vp6 A  93 TDFSNLFARDLLPAKNGEEQTVQFLLEVVDILLNYVRKTFDRSTKVLDFHHPHQLLEGMEGFNLELSDHPESLEQILVDCRDTLKYGVRTGHPRFFNQLSTGLDIIGLAGEWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLMEQITLKKMREIVGWSSKDGDGIFSPGGAISNMYSIMAARYKYFPEVKTKGMAAVPKLVLFTSEQSHYSIKKAGAALGFGTDNVILIKCNERGKIIPADFEAKILEAKQKGYVPFYVNATAGTTVYGAFDPIQEIADICEKYNLWLHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHRHKLNGIERANSVTWNPHkMMGVLLQCSAILVKEKGILQGCNQMHASYLFQQDKHYDVSYDTGDKAIQCGRHVDIFKFWLMWKAKGTVGFENQINKCLELAEYLYAKIKNREEFEMVFNGEPEHTNVCFWYIPQSLRGVPDSPQRREKLHKVAPKIKALMMESGTTMVGYQPQGDKANFFRMVISNPAATQSDIDFLIEEIERLGQ 592
                                   102       112       122       132       142       152       162       172       182       192       202       212       222       232       242       252       262       272       282       292       302       312       322       332       342       352       362       372       382       392       402  |    412       422       432       442       452       462       472       482       492       502       512       522       532       542       552       562       572       582       592
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  405-LLP

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:491
 aligned with DCE1_HUMAN | Q99259 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:594

    Alignment length:496
                                   104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374       384       394       404       414       424       434       444       454       464       474       484       494       504       514       524       534       544       554       564       574       584      
           DCE1_HUMAN    95 FSNLFARDLLPAKNGEEQTVQFLLEVVDILLNYVRKTFDRSTKVLDFHHPHQLLEGMEGFNLELSDHPESLEQILVDCRDTLKYGVRTGHPRFFNQLSTGLDIIGLAGEWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLMEQITLKKMREIVGWSSKDGDGIFSPGGAISNMYSIMAARYKYFPEVKTKGMAAVPKLVLFTSEQSHYSIKKAGAALGFGTDNVILIKCNERGKIIPADFEAKILEAKQKGYVPFYVNATAGTTVYGAFDPIQEIADICEKYNLWLHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHRHKLNGIERANSVTWNPHKMMGVLLQCSAILVKEKGILQGCNQMCAGYLFQPDKQYDVSYDTGDKAIQCGRHVDIFKFWLMWKAKGTVGFENQINKCLELAEYLYAKIKNREEFEMVFNGEPEHTNVCFWYIPQSLRGVPDSPQRREKLHKVAPKIKALMMESGTTMVGYQPQGDKANFFRMVISNPAATQSDIDFLIEEIERL 590
               SCOP domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ....hhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..........hhhhhhh..............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.......ee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeeee.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeee....hhhhhhhhhh..hhh.eeee........hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeee..........hhhhhhhhhhhhh.eeeeee.hhhhhhhh..hhhhhhhhhhh.eeee............eeeee...hhhhhhhh.............hhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eee..........eeeee....-----.hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeee..eeeeeee.......hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------L-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------G---------------------------------------------------------Q--------------------------------L------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DDC_GAD_HDC_YDC       --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) 1.7d    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.11b  PDB: B:213-251             --------------------------------------Exon 1.13  PDB: B:290-316  ------------------Exon 1.15  PDB: B:335-373              Exon 1.17b            --------------------------Exon 1.18c  PDB: B:422-471 UniProt: 422-471       Exon 1.19  PDB: B:472-507           Exon 1.20 UniProt: 508-537    Exon 1.21e  PDB: B:538-590 UniProt: 538-594           Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) -------Exon 1.8d  PDB: B:102-183 UniProt: 102-183                                        -------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.12b  PDB: B:251-289             --------------------------Exon 1.14          ------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.18b  PDB: B:395-421 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
           Transcript 1 (3) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.9  PDB: B:183-213       ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (3)
                 3vp6 B  95 FSNLFARDLLPAKNGEEQTVQFLLEVVDILLNYVRKTFDRSTKVLDFHHPHQLLEGMEGFNLELSDHPESLEQILVDCRDTLKYGVRTGHPRFFNQLSTGLDIIGLAGEWLTSTANTNMFTYEIAPVFVLMEQITLKKMREIVGWSSKDGDGIFSPGGAISNMYSIMAARYKYFPEVKTKGMAAVPKLVLFTSEQSHYSIKKAGAALGFGTDNVILIKCNERGKIIPADFEAKILEAKQKGYVPFYVNATAGTTVYGAFDPIQEIADICEKYNLWLHVDAAWGGGLLMSRKHRHKLNGIERANSVTWNPHkMMGVLLQCSAILVKEKGILQGCNQMHASYLFQQDKHYDVSYDTGDKAIQCGRHVDIFKFWLMWKAKGTVGFENQINKCLELAEYLYAKIKNREEFEMVFNGEPEHTNVCFWYIPQS-----DSPQRREKLHKVAPKIKALMMESGTTMVGYQPQGDKANFFRMVISNPAATQSDIDFLIEEIERL 590
                                   104       114       124       134       144       154       164       174       184       194       204       214       224       234       244       254       264       274       284       294       304       314       324       334       344       354       364       374       384       394       404|      414       424       434       444       454       464       474       484       494       504       514      |  -  |    534       544       554       564       574       584      
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                405-LLP                                                                                                             521   527

Legend:		→ Mismatch	(orange background)
	-	→ Gap	(green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
		→ Modified Residue	(blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
	x	→ Chemical Group	(purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
	extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '\|'

(no "SCOP Domain" information available for 3VP6)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3VP6)

(no "Pfam Domain" information available for 3VP6)

Asymmetric/Biological Unit(hide GO term definitions)

Chain A,B (DCE1_HUMAN | Q99259)

molecular function
	GO:0016831	carboxy-lyase activity	Catalysis of the nonhydrolytic addition or removal of a carboxyl group to or from a compound.
	GO:0003824	catalytic activity	Catalysis of a biochemical reaction at physiological temperatures. In biologically catalyzed reactions, the reactants are known as substrates, and the catalysts are naturally occurring macromolecular substances known as enzymes. Enzymes possess specific binding sites for substrates, and are usually composed wholly or largely of protein, but RNA that has catalytic activity (ribozyme) is often also regarded as enzymatic.
	GO:0016595	glutamate binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
	GO:0004351	glutamate decarboxylase activity	Catalysis of the reaction: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO2.
	GO:0016829	lyase activity	Catalysis of the cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N and other bonds by other means than by hydrolysis or oxidation, or conversely adding a group to a double bond. They differ from other enzymes in that two substrates are involved in one reaction direction, but only one in the other direction. When acting on the single substrate, a molecule is eliminated and this generates either a new double bond or a new ring.
	GO:0047485	protein N-terminus binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a protein N-terminus, the end of any peptide chain at which the 2-amino (or 2-imino) function of a constituent amino acid is not attached in peptide linkage to another amino-acid residue.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0046982	protein heterodimerization activity	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
	GO:0030170	pyridoxal phosphate binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with pyridoxal 5' phosphate, 3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl4-pyridine carboxaldehyde 5' phosphate, the biologically active form of vitamin B6.
biological process
	GO:0019752	carboxylic acid metabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways involving carboxylic acids, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
	GO:0007268	chemical synaptic transmission	The vesicular release of classical neurotransmitter molecules from a presynapse, across a chemical synapse, the subsequent activation of neurotransmitter receptors at the postsynapse of a target cell (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) and the effects of this activation on the postsynaptic membrane potential and ionic composition of the postsynaptic cytosol. This process encompasses both spontaneous and evoked release of neurotransmitter and all parts of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Evoked transmission starts with the arrival of an action potential at the presynapse.
	GO:0009449	gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA, 4-aminobutyrate), an amino acid which acts as a neurotransmitter in some organisms.
	GO:0006538	glutamate catabolic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of glutamate, the anion of 2-aminopentanedioic acid.
	GO:0006540	glutamate decarboxylation to succinate	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of succinate from glutamate. Also known as GABA (gamma-aminobutyrate) shunt since it channels glutamate into the TCA cycle bypassing two steps of that cycle. There are three enzymes involved in the GABA shunt: glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA aminotransferase (GABA-TA), and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH). These three enzymes acting in concert to convert glutamate into succinate. The GABA shunt is predominantly associated with neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. It is also present in nonneuronal cells, in plants, in unicellular eukaryotes, and in prokaryotes.
	GO:0042136	neurotransmitter biosynthetic process	The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of any of a group of substances that are released on excitation from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron of the central or peripheral nervous system and travel across the synaptic cleft to either excite or inhibit the target cell.
	GO:0007269	neurotransmitter secretion	The regulated release of neurotransmitter from the presynapse into the synaptic cleft via calcium regualated exocytosis during synaptic transmission.
	GO:0018352	protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage	The formation of a linkage between a protein amino acid and pyridoxal-5-phosphate.
	GO:0042493	response to drug	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a drug stimulus. A drug is a substance used in the diagnosis, treatment or prevention of a disease.
cellular component
	GO:0061202	clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle membrane	The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-sculpted gamma-aminobutyric acid transport vesicle.
	GO:0005622	intracellular	The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
	GO:0048786	presynaptic active zone	A specialized region of the plasma membrane and cell cortex of a presynaptic neuron; encompasses a region of the plasma membrane where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse, and a specialized cortical cytoskeletal matrix.
	GO:0012506	vesicle membrane	The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.

Asymmetric/Biological Unit
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	Cis Peptide Bonds
		Arg A:523 - Gly A:524	[ RasMol ]
		Gln B:437 - Gln B:438	[ RasMol ]
		Leu A:104 - Pro A:105	[ RasMol ]
		Leu A:411 - Gln A:412	[ RasMol ]
		Leu B:104 - Pro B:105	[ RasMol ]
		Leu B:411 - Gln B:412	[ RasMol ]
		Ser B:433 - Tyr B:434	[ RasMol ]

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Access by PDB/NDB ID
	3vp6
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	DCE1_HUMAN \| Q99259
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	4.1.1.15
		General Enzyme Information	:	BRENDA \| EC-PDB \| Enzyme \| IntEnz
		Pathway	:	KEGG \| MetaCyc

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		Interatomic Contacts of Structural Units	:	CSU
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	DCE1_HUMAN \| Q99259
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	DCE1_HUMAN \| Q99259	:	2okj

(no "Related Entries Specified in the PDB File" available for 3VP6)

Description

Compounds

Structural Features

Chains, Units

Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions (3, 6)

Sites (4, 4)

SS Bonds (0, 0)

Cis Peptide Bonds (7, 7)

Sequence-Structure Mapping

SAPs(SNPs)/Variants (4, 8)

PROSITE Motifs (1, 2)

Exons (14, 28)

Sequences/Alignments

Classification and Annotation

SCOP Domains (0, 0)

CATH Domains (0, 0)

Pfam Domains (0, 0)

Gene Ontology (23, 23)

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Databases

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Related Entries

Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

Related Entries Specified in the PDB File