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(-) Description

Title :  FACTOR INHIBITING HIF-1 ALPHA IN COMPLEX WITH NOTCH 1 FRAGMENT MOUSE NOTCH (1930-1949) PEPTIDE
 
Authors :  M. A. Mcdonough, C. J. Schofield
Date :  05 Oct 10  (Deposition) - 24 Nov 10  (Release) - 24 Nov 10  (Revision)
Method :  X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Resolution :  2.40
Chains :  Asym. Unit :  A,B
Biol. Unit 1:  A,B  (2x)
Keywords :  Double Stranded Beta-Helix, Hydroxylase, Iron Binding, 2-Oxoglutarate Binding, Hypoxia Inducible Factor Binding, Ankyrin Repeat Domain Binding, Oxidoreductase-Transcription Complex (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google))
 
Reference :  M. L. Coleman, M. A. Mcdonough, K. S. Hewitson, C. Coles, J. Mecinovic, M. Edelmann, K. M. Cook, M. E. Cockman, D. E. Lancaster, B. M. Kessler, N. J. Oldham, P. J. Ratcliffe, C. J. Schofield
Asparaginyl Hydroxylation Of The Notch Ankyrin Repeat Domai By Factor Inhibiting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor
J. Biol. Chem. V. 282 24027 2007
PubMed-ID: 17573339

(-) Compounds

Molecule 1 - HYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR 1-ALPHA INHIBITOR
    ChainsA
    EC Number1.14.11.16
    EngineeredYES
    Expression SystemESCHERICHIA COLI
    Expression System PlasmidPET28A(+)
    Expression System StrainBL21(DE3)
    Expression System Taxid469008
    Expression System Vector TypePLASMID
    GeneFIH1, HIF1AN
    Organism CommonHUMAN
    Organism ScientificHOMO SAPIENS
    Organism Taxid9606
    SynonymHYPOXIA-INDUCIBLE FACTOR ASPARAGINE HYDROXYLASE, FACTOR INHIBITING HIF-1, FIH-1
 
Molecule 2 - NOTCH 1 PROTEIN
    ChainsB
    EngineeredYES
    FragmentUNP RESIDUES 1930-1949
    Organism CommonMOUSE
    Organism ScientificMUS MUSCULUS
    Organism Taxid10090
    SyntheticYES

 Structural Features

(-) Chains, Units

  12
Asymmetric Unit AB
Biological Unit 1 (2x)AB

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

(-) Ligands, Modified Residues, Ions  (4, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (4, 8)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1AKG1Ligand/Ion2-OXOGLUTARIC ACID
2FE21Ligand/IonFE (II) ION
3GOL4Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
4SO42Ligand/IonSULFATE ION
Biological Unit 1 (4, 16)
No.NameCountTypeFull Name
1AKG2Ligand/Ion2-OXOGLUTARIC ACID
2FE22Ligand/IonFE (II) ION
3GOL8Ligand/IonGLYCEROL
4SO44Ligand/IonSULFATE ION

(-) Sites  (8, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (8, 8)
No.NameEvidenceResiduesDescription
1AC1SOFTWAREHIS A:199 , ASP A:201 , HIS A:279 , HOH A:1071 , AKG A:1351BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE FE2 A 350
2AC2SOFTWAREARG A:138 , GLY A:140 , GLU A:141 , GLU A:142BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 401
3AC3SOFTWARELYS A:311 , ALA A:312 , HOH A:1117 , GOL A:2003BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE SO4 A 402
4AC4SOFTWARETYR A:145 , LEU A:188 , THR A:196 , HIS A:199 , ASP A:201 , ASN A:205 , PHE A:207 , LYS A:214 , HIS A:279 , ILE A:281 , ASN A:294 , TRP A:296 , FE2 A:350 , HOH A:1071BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE AKG A 1351
5AC5SOFTWARELYS A:99 , LEU A:101 , TYR A:230 , SER A:240 , GLN A:241 , ASP A:243 , HOH A:1008BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL A 2000
6AC6SOFTWAREPHE A:224 , LYS A:315 , MET A:319 , HOH A:1042 , HOH A:1043BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL A 2001
7AC7SOFTWAREPRO A:43 , ARG A:44BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL A 2002
8AC8SOFTWAREGLU A:60 , PRO A:220 , TRP A:277 , SO4 A:402 , HOH A:1137BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE GOL A 2003

(-) SS Bonds  (0, 0)

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3P3N)

(-) Cis Peptide Bonds  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit
No.Residues
1Tyr A:308 -Pro A:309

 Sequence-Structure Mapping

(-) SAPs(SNPs)/Variants  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051028P41AHIF1N_HUMANPolymorphism2295778AP41A

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
  dbSNPPDB
No.SourceVariant IDVariantUniProt IDStatusIDChainVariant
1UniProtVAR_051028P41AHIF1N_HUMANPolymorphism2295778AP41A

  SNP/SAP Summary Statistics (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

(-) PROSITE Motifs  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit (1, 1)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1JMJCPS51184 JmjC domain profile.HIF1N_HUMAN142-312  1A:142-312
Biological Unit 1 (1, 2)
 PROSITEUniProtKBPDB
No.IDACDescriptionIDLocationCountLocation
1JMJCPS51184 JmjC domain profile.HIF1N_HUMAN142-312  2A:142-312

(-) Exons   (8, 8)

Asymmetric Unit (8, 8)
 ENSEMBLUniProtKBPDB
No.Transcript IDExonExon IDGenome LocationLengthIDLocationLengthCountLocationLength
1.2bENST000002991632bENSE00001695622chr10:102295616-102295892277HIF1N_HUMAN1-59591A:9-5951
1.3bENST000002991633bENSE00001100126chr10:102296168-102296418251HIF1N_HUMAN60-143841A:60-14384
1.4bENST000002991634bENSE00001100124chr10:102300391-102300539149HIF1N_HUMAN143-193511A:143-19351
1.5aENST000002991635aENSE00001100127chr10:102304708-102304853146HIF1N_HUMAN193-241491A:193-24149
1.6bENST000002991636bENSE00001100128chr10:102305700-102305806107HIF1N_HUMAN242-277361A:242-27736
1.7ENST000002991637ENSE00001100132chr10:102306275-10230633864HIF1N_HUMAN277-298221A:277-29822
1.8bENST000002991638bENSE00001100130chr10:102306897-102307007111HIF1N_HUMAN299-335371A:299-33537
1.9bENST000002991639bENSE00001212367chr10:102307850-1023097631914HIF1N_HUMAN336-349141A:336-34914

(-) Sequences/Alignments

Asymmetric Unit
   Reformat: Number of residues per line =  ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
  Number of residues per labelling interval =   
  UniProt sequence: complete  aligned part    
   Show mapping: SCOP domains CATH domains Pfam domains Secondary structure (by author)
SAPs(SNPs) PROSITE motifs Exons
(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)
Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:341
 aligned with HIF1N_HUMAN | Q9NWT6 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:349

    Alignment length:341
                                    18        28        38        48        58        68        78        88        98       108       118       128       138       148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268       278       288       298       308       318       328       338       348 
         HIF1N_HUMAN      9 VASGSGEPREEAGALGPAWDESQLRSYSFPTRPIPRLSQSDPRAEELIENEEPVVLTDTNLVYPALKWDLEYLQENIGNGDFSVYSASTHKFLYYDEKKMANFQNFKPRSNREEMKFHEFVEKLQDIQQRGGEERLYLQQTLNDTVGRKIVMDFLGFNWNWINKQQGKRGWGQLTSNLLLIGMEGNVTPAHYDEQQNFFAQIKGYKRCILFPPDQFECLYPYPVHHPCDRQSQVDFDNPDYERFPNFQNVVGYETVVGPGDVLYIPMYWWHHIESLLNGGITITVNFWYKGAPTPKRIEYPLKAHQKVAIMRNIEKMLGEALGNPQEVGPLLNTMIKGRYN  349
               SCOP domains d3p3na_ A: Hypoxia-inducible factor HIF ihhibitor (FIH1)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              SCOP domains
               CATH domains ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------------------------------------Cupin_8-3p3nA01 A:48-302                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ----------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author ...................hhhhh......eee..ee...hhhhhhhhhh...eee.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh......eeee........hhhhhh........ee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeee.....hhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeeeee....eeeee....eeeeeeee..eeeeeehhhhhhhhh.......................hhhhhhh.eeeeee....eeee....eeeeee......eeeeeeee.............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhhhhhh.... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------A-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------JMJC  PDB: A:142-312 UniProt: 142-312                                                                                                                                      ------------------------------------- PROSITE
           Transcript 1 (1) Exon 1.2b  PDB: A:9-59 UniProt: 1-59 [INCOMPLETE]  Exon 1.3b  PDB: A:60-143 UniProt: 60-143                                            -------------------------------------------------Exon 1.5a  PDB: A:193-241 UniProt: 193-241       Exon 1.6b  PDB: A:242-277           ---------------------Exon 1.8b  PDB: A:299-335            Exon 1.9b      Transcript 1 (1)
           Transcript 1 (2) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.4b  PDB: A:143-193 UniProt: 143-193         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Exon 1.7              --------------------------------------------------- Transcript 1 (2)
                3p3n A    9 VASGSGEPREEAGALGPAWDESQLRSYSFPTRPIPRLSQSDPRAEELIENEEPVVLTDTNLVYPALKWDLEYLQENIGNGDFSVYSASTHKFLYYDEKKMANFQNFKPRSNREEMKFHEFVEKLQDIQQRGGEERLYLQQTLNDTVGRKIVMDFLGFNWNWINKQQGKRGWGQLTSNLLLIGMEGNVTPAHYDEQQNFFAQIKGYKRCILFPPDQFECLYPYPVHHPCDRQSQVDFDNPDYERFPNFQNVVGYETVVGPGDVLYIPMYWWHHIESLLNGGITITVNFWYKGAPTPKRIEYPLKAHQKVAIMRNIEKMLGEALGNPQEVGPLLNTMIKGRYN  349
                                    18        28        38        48        58        68        78        88        98       108       118       128       138       148       158       168       178       188       198       208       218       228       238       248       258       268       278       288       298       308       318       328       338       348 

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:10
 aligned with NOTC1_MOUSE | Q01705 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:2531

    Alignment length:10
                                  1945
         NOTC1_MOUSE   1936 RLLEASADAN 1945
               SCOP domains ---------- SCOP domains
               CATH domains ---------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains ---------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .......... Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) ---------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE ---------- PROSITE
                 Transcript ---------- Transcript
                3p3n B 1936 RLLEASADAN 1945
                                  1945

   Legend:   → Mismatch (orange background)
  - → Gap (green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
    → Modified Residue (blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
  x → Chemical Group (purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
  extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '|'

 Classification and Annotation

(-) SCOP Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit

(-) CATH Domains  (0, 0)

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3P3N)

(-) Pfam Domains  (1, 1)

Asymmetric Unit
(-)
Clan: Cupin (179)

(-) Gene Ontology  (222, 231)

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)
Chain A   (HIF1N_HUMAN | Q9NWT6)
molecular function
    GO:0051059    NF-kappaB binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with NF-kappaB, a transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters.
    GO:0005112    Notch binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Notch (N) protein, a surface receptor.
    GO:0071532    ankyrin repeat binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an ankyrin repeat of a protein. Ankyrin repeats are tandemly repeated modules of about 33 amino acids; each repeat folds into a helix-loop-helix structure with a beta-hairpin/loop region projecting out from the helices at a 90-degree angle, and repeats stack to form an L-shaped structure.
    GO:0031406    carboxylic acid binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a carboxylic acid, any organic acid containing one or more carboxyl (COOH) groups or anions (COO-).
    GO:0048037    cofactor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a cofactor, a substance that is required for the activity of an enzyme or other protein. Cofactors may be inorganic, such as the metal atoms zinc, iron, and copper in certain forms, or organic, in which case they are referred to as coenzymes. Cofactors may either be bound tightly to active sites or bind loosely with the substrate.
    GO:0051213    dioxygenase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which both atoms of oxygen from one molecule of O2 are incorporated into the (reduced) product(s) of the reaction. The two atoms of oxygen may be distributed between two different products.
    GO:0005506    iron ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with iron (Fe) ions.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0016491    oxidoreductase activity    Catalysis of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction, a reversible chemical reaction in which the oxidation state of an atom or atoms within a molecule is altered. One substrate acts as a hydrogen or electron donor and becomes oxidized, while the other acts as hydrogen or electron acceptor and becomes reduced.
    GO:0016706    oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, 2-oxoglutarate as one donor, and incorporation of one atom each of oxygen into both donors    Catalysis of the reaction: A + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = B + succinate + CO2. This is an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction in which hydrogen or electrons are transferred from 2-oxoglutarate and one other donor, and one atom of oxygen is incorporated into each donor.
    GO:0019826    oxygen sensor activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with and responding, e.g. by conformational change, to changes in the cellular level of oxygen (O2).
    GO:0036140    peptidyl-asparagine 3-dioxygenase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-asparagine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl 3-hydroxy-L-asparagine + succinate + CO2.
    GO:0036139    peptidyl-histidine dioxygenase activity    Catalysis of the reaction: peptidyl L-histidine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 = peptidyl hydroxy-L-histidine + succinate + CO2.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0042803    protein homodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
    GO:0008270    zinc ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with zinc (Zn) ions.
biological process
    GO:0045746    negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
    GO:0061428    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
    GO:0055114    oxidation-reduction process    A metabolic process that results in the removal or addition of one or more electrons to or from a substance, with or without the concomitant removal or addition of a proton or protons.
    GO:0042265    peptidyl-asparagine hydroxylation    The hydroxylation of peptidyl-asparagine to form peptidyl-hydroxyasparagine.
    GO:0042264    peptidyl-aspartic acid hydroxylation    The hydroxylation of peptidyl-aspartic acid to form peptidyl-hydroxyaspartic acid.
    GO:0036138    peptidyl-histidine hydroxylation    The hydroxylation of peptidyl-histidine to form peptidyl-hydroxyhistidine.
    GO:0045663    positive regulation of myoblast differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
    GO:2001214    positive regulation of vasculogenesis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of vasculogenesis.
    GO:0061418    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
cellular component
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0048471    perinuclear region of cytoplasm    Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.

Chain B   (NOTC1_MOUSE | Q01705)
molecular function
    GO:0005112    Notch binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the Notch (N) protein, a surface receptor.
    GO:0005509    calcium ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
    GO:0031490    chromatin DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA that is assembled into chromatin.
    GO:0003682    chromatin binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with chromatin, the network of fibers of DNA, protein, and sometimes RNA, that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase.
    GO:0001047    core promoter binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with the regulatory region composed of the transcription start site and binding sites for the basal transcription machinery. Binding may occur as a sequence specific interaction or as an interaction observed only once a factor has been recruited to the DNA by other factors.
    GO:0019899    enzyme binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
    GO:0004857    enzyme inhibitor activity    Binds to and stops, prevents or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
    GO:0046872    metal ion binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any metal ion.
    GO:0005515    protein binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
    GO:0046982    protein heterodimerization activity    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nonidentical protein to form a heterodimer.
    GO:0004872    receptor activity    Combining with an extracellular or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell activity.
    GO:0043565    sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with DNA of a specific nucleotide composition, e.g. GC-rich DNA binding, or with a specific sequence motif or type of DNA e.g. promotor binding or rDNA binding.
    GO:0003700    transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific DNA sequence in order to modulate transcription. The transcription factor may or may not also interact selectively with a protein or macromolecular complex.
    GO:0001190    transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II transcription factor binding    Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an RNA polymerase II transcription factor, which may be a single protein or a complex, in order to increase the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. A protein binding transcription factor may or may not also interact with the template nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) as well.
biological process
    GO:0007220    Notch receptor processing    The series of successive proteolytic cleavages of the Notch protein, which result in an active form of the receptor.
    GO:0061314    Notch signaling involved in heart development    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell and contributing to the progression of the heart over time.
    GO:0007219    Notch signaling pathway    A series of molecular signals initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to the receptor Notch on the surface of a target cell, and ending with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription.
    GO:0003270    Notch signaling pathway involved in regulation of secondary heart field cardioblast proliferation    The series of molecular signals initiated by binding of an extracellular ligand to a Notch receptor on the surface of the target cell contributing to the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation in the secondary heart field. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
    GO:0001525    angiogenesis    Blood vessel formation when new vessels emerge from the proliferation of pre-existing blood vessels.
    GO:0031100    animal organ regeneration    The regrowth of a lost or destroyed animal organ.
    GO:0003180    aortic valve morphogenesis    The process in which the structure of the aortic valve is generated and organized.
    GO:1902263    apoptotic process involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis    Any apoptotic process that is involved in embryonic digit morphogenesis.
    GO:0060842    arterial endothelial cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of an arterial endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of arteries.
    GO:0048708    astrocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an astrocyte. An astrocyte is the most abundant type of glial cell. Astrocytes provide support for neurons and regulate the environment in which they function.
    GO:0003162    atrioventricular node development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the atrioventricular (AV) node over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The AV node is part of the cardiac conduction system that controls the timing of ventricle contraction by receiving electrical signals from the sinoatrial (SA) node and relaying them to the His-Purkinje system.
    GO:0003181    atrioventricular valve morphogenesis    The process in which the structure of the atrioventricular valve is generated and organized.
    GO:0009912    auditory receptor cell fate commitment    The process in which the cellular identity of auditory hair cells is acquired and determined.
    GO:0007409    axonogenesis    De novo generation of a long process of a neuron, that carries efferent (outgoing) action potentials from the cell body towards target cells. Refers to the morphogenesis or creation of shape or form of the developing axon.
    GO:0007420    brain development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the brain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Brain development begins with patterning events in the neural tube and ends with the mature structure that is the center of thought and emotion. The brain is responsible for the coordination and control of bodily activities and the interpretation of information from the senses (sight, hearing, smell, etc.).
    GO:0048754    branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube    The process in which the anatomical structures of branches in an epithelial tube are generated and organized. A tube is a long hollow cylinder.
    GO:0003209    cardiac atrium morphogenesis    The process in which the cardiac atrium is generated and organized. A cardiac atrium receives blood from a vein and pumps it to a cardiac ventricle.
    GO:0003207    cardiac chamber formation    The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a cardiac chamber from unspecified parts. A cardiac chamber is an enclosed cavity within the heart.
    GO:0060317    cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition    A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
    GO:0003214    cardiac left ventricle morphogenesis    The process in which the left cardiac ventricle is generated and organized.
    GO:0060038    cardiac muscle cell proliferation    The expansion of a cardiac muscle cell population by cell division.
    GO:0055008    cardiac muscle tissue morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of cardiac muscle tissue are generated and organized.
    GO:0003213    cardiac right atrium morphogenesis    The process in which the right cardiac atrium is generated and organized.
    GO:0003219    cardiac right ventricle formation    The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of a right cardiac ventricle from unspecified parts.
    GO:0060411    cardiac septum morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structure of a cardiac septum is generated and organized. A cardiac septum is a partition that separates parts of the heart.
    GO:0060948    cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a cardiac vascular smooth muscle cell over time, from its formation to the mature state.
    GO:0003208    cardiac ventricle morphogenesis    The process in which the cardiac ventricle is generated and organized. A cardiac ventricle receives blood from a cardiac atrium and pumps it out of the heart.
    GO:0030154    cell differentiation    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells, e.g. embryonic or regenerative cells, acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells, tissues, or organs of the mature organism or some other relatively stable phase of the organism's life history. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate and its subsequent development to the mature state.
    GO:0021515    cell differentiation in spinal cord    The process in which relatively unspecialized cells acquire specialized structural and/or functional features that characterize the cells of the spinal cord. Differentiation includes the processes involved in commitment of a cell to a specific fate.
    GO:0045165    cell fate commitment    The commitment of cells to specific cell fates and their capacity to differentiate into particular kinds of cells. Positional information is established through protein signals that emanate from a localized source within a cell (the initial one-cell zygote) or within a developmental field.
    GO:0001708    cell fate specification    The process involved in the specification of cell identity. Once specification has taken place, a cell will be committed to differentiate down a specific pathway if left in its normal environment.
    GO:0003273    cell migration involved in endocardial cushion formation    The orderly movement of a cell from one site to another that will contribute to the formation of an endocardial cushion. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
    GO:0071372    cellular response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a follicle-stimulating hormone stimulus.
    GO:0035924    cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus.
    GO:0060271    cilium assembly    The assembly of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
    GO:0072044    collecting duct development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a collecting duct over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The collecting duct responds to vasopressin and aldosterone to regulate water, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It is the final common path through which urine flows before entering the ureter and then emptying into the bladder.
    GO:0007386    compartment pattern specification    The regionalization process in which embryonic segments are divided into compartments that will result in differences in cell differentiation.
    GO:0060982    coronary artery morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of coronary arteries are generated and organized. Coronary arteries are blood vessels that transport blood to the heart muscle.
    GO:0003169    coronary vein morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of veins of the heart are generated and organized.
    GO:0007368    determination of left/right symmetry    The establishment of an organism's body plan or part of an organism with respect to the left and right halves. The pattern can either be symmetric, such that the halves are mirror images, or asymmetric where the pattern deviates from this symmetry.
    GO:0072017    distal tubule development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the distal tubule over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In mammals, the distal tubule is a nephron tubule that begins at the macula densa and extends to the connecting tubule.
    GO:0035116    embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis    The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the hindlimbs are generated and organized. The hindlimbs are the posterior limbs of an animal.
    GO:0030326    embryonic limb morphogenesis    The process, occurring in the embryo, by which the anatomical structures of the limb are generated and organized. A limb is an appendage of an animal used for locomotion or grasping.
    GO:0060956    endocardial cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized structural and/or functional features of an endocardial cell. An endocardial cell is a specialized endothelial cell that makes up the endocardium portion of the heart. The endocardium is the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
    GO:0003197    endocardial cushion development    The progression of a cardiac cushion over time, from its initial formation to the mature structure. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
    GO:0003203    endocardial cushion morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardial cushion is generated and organized. The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves.
    GO:0003157    endocardium development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endocardium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
    GO:0003160    endocardium morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structure of the endocardium is generated and organized. The endocardium is an anatomical structure comprised of an endothelium and an extracellular matrix that forms the innermost layer of tissue of the heart, and lines the heart chambers.
    GO:0007492    endoderm development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the endoderm over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The endoderm is the innermost germ layer that develops into the gastrointestinal tract, the lungs and associated tissues.
    GO:0008544    epidermis development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the epidermis over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The epidermis is the outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species.
    GO:0001837    epithelial to mesenchymal transition    A transition where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
    GO:0003198    epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation    A transition where a cardiac epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell that will contribute to the formation of the endocardial cushion.
    GO:0030900    forebrain development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the forebrain over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The forebrain is the anterior of the three primary divisions of the developing chordate brain or the corresponding part of the adult brain (in vertebrates, includes especially the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus and especially in higher vertebrates is the main control center for sensory and associative information processing, visceral functions, and voluntary motor functions).
    GO:0007440    foregut morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the foregut are generated and organized.
    GO:0010001    glial cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of a glial cell.
    GO:0072144    glomerular mesangial cell development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a glomerular mesangial cell in the kidney over time, from its formation to the mature structure.
    GO:0003241    growth involved in heart morphogenesis    Developmental growth that contributes to the shaping of the heart.
    GO:0031069    hair follicle morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the hair follicle are generated and organized.
    GO:0007507    heart development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the heart over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood.
    GO:0001947    heart looping    The tube morphogenesis process in which the primitive heart tube loops asymmetrically. This looping brings the primitive heart chambers into alignment preceding their future integration. Heart looping begins with dextral-looping and ends when the main regional divisions of the mature heart and primordium of the great arterial trunks become established preceeding septation.
    GO:0061384    heart trabecula morphogenesis    The process of shaping a trabecula in the heart. A trabecula is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut or rod, which generally has a mechanical function. Trabecula are usually but not necessarily, composed of dense collagenous tissue.
    GO:0006959    humoral immune response    An immune response mediated through a body fluid.
    GO:0001701    in utero embryonic development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the embryo in the uterus over time, from formation of the zygote in the oviduct, to birth. An example of this process is found in Mus musculus.
    GO:0002437    inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus    An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes.
    GO:0072602    interleukin-4 secretion    The regulated release of interleukin-4 from a cell.
    GO:0030216    keratinocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a keratinocyte.
    GO:0070986    left/right axis specification    The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the left/right axis. The left/right axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes. Each side is defined from the viewpoint of the organism rather of the observer (as per anatomical axes).
    GO:0001889    liver development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the liver over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The liver is an exocrine gland which secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat, synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood, synthesizes vitamin A, detoxifies poisonous substances, stores glycogen, and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes.
    GO:0030324    lung development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the lung over time, from its formation to the mature structure. In all air-breathing vertebrates the lungs are developed from the ventral wall of the oesophagus as a pouch which divides into two sacs. In amphibians and many reptiles the lungs retain very nearly this primitive sac-like character, but in the higher forms the connection with the esophagus becomes elongated into the windpipe and the inner walls of the sacs become more and more divided, until, in the mammals, the air spaces become minutely divided into tubes ending in small air cells, in the walls of which the blood circulates in a fine network of capillaries. In mammals the lungs are more or less divided into lobes, and each lung occupies a separate cavity in the thorax.
    GO:0014031    mesenchymal cell development    The process aimed at the progression of a mesenchymal cell over time, from initial commitment of the cell to its specific fate, to the fully functional differentiated cell.
    GO:0003192    mitral valve formation    The developmental process pertaining to the initial formation of the mitral valve from unspecified parts. This process begins with the specific processes that contribute to the appearance of the discrete structure and ends when the structural rudiment is recognizable.
    GO:0007275    multicellular organism development    The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0030514    negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the BMP signaling pathway.
    GO:2000811    negative regulation of anoikis    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of anoikis.
    GO:0045608    negative regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
    GO:0045955    negative regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis.
    GO:0090090    negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway    Any process that decreases the rate, frequency, or extent of the Wnt signaling pathway through beta-catenin, the series of molecular signals initiated by binding of a Wnt protein to a frizzled family receptor on the surface of the target cell, followed by propagation of the signal via beta-catenin, and ending with a change in transcription of target genes.
    GO:0043086    negative regulation of catalytic activity    Any process that stops or reduces the activity of an enzyme.
    GO:0060548    negative regulation of cell death    Any process that decreases the rate or frequency of cell death. Cell death is the specific activation or halting of processes within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death.
    GO:0045596    negative regulation of cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell differentiation.
    GO:0090051    negative regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis. Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis is the orderly movement of endothelial cells into the extracellular matrix in order to form new blood vessels contributing to the process of sprouting angiogenesis.
    GO:0008285    negative regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0010812    negative regulation of cell-substrate adhesion    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of cell-substrate adhesion. Cell-substrate adhesion is the attachment of a cell to the underlying substrate via adhesion molecules.
    GO:2001027    negative regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell chemotaxis.
    GO:0060253    negative regulation of glial cell proliferation    Any process that stops or decreases the rate or extent of glial cell proliferation.
    GO:0045662    negative regulation of myoblast differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of myoblast differentiation. A myoblast is a mononucleate cell type that, by fusion with other myoblasts, gives rise to the myotubes that eventually develop into skeletal muscle fibers.
    GO:0010832    negative regulation of myotube differentiation    Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of myotube differentiation. Myotube differentiation is the process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a myotube cell. Myotubes are multinucleated cells that are formed when proliferating myoblasts exit the cell cycle, differentiate and fuse.
    GO:0050768    negative regulation of neurogenesis    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
    GO:0045665    negative regulation of neuron differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of neuron differentiation.
    GO:0048715    negative regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of oligodendrocyte differentiation.
    GO:0030279    negative regulation of ossification    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of bone formation.
    GO:0045668    negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of osteoblast differentiation.
    GO:0046533    negative regulation of photoreceptor cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of photoreceptor cell differentiation. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster.
    GO:2000974    negative regulation of pro-B cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of pro-B cell differentiation.
    GO:2000737    negative regulation of stem cell differentiation    Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of stem cell differentiation.
    GO:0000122    negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0045892    negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0021915    neural tube development    The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the neural tube over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The mature structure of the neural tube exists when the tube has been segmented into the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and spinal cord regions. In addition neural crest has budded away from the epithelium.
    GO:0030182    neuron differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a neuron.
    GO:0048663    neuron fate commitment    The process in which the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted such that it will develop into a neuron.
    GO:0097150    neuronal stem cell population maintenance    Any process in by an organism or tissue maintains a population of neuronal stem cells.
    GO:0048709    oligodendrocyte differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires the specialized features of an oligodendrocyte. An oligodendrocyte is a type of glial cell involved in myelinating the axons of neurons in the central nervous system.
    GO:0002051    osteoblast fate commitment    The commitment of mesenchymal cells to the specific cell fate of an osteoblast. An osteoblast is a bone-forming cell which secretes an extracellular matrix. Hydroxyapatite crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.
    GO:0003344    pericardium morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structure of the pericardium is generated and organized.
    GO:0030513    positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of BMP signaling pathway activity.
    GO:0046427    positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway activity.
    GO:0045747    positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
    GO:1903849    positive regulation of aorta morphogenesis    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of aorta morphogenesis.
    GO:0043065    positive regulation of apoptotic process    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
    GO:0048711    positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of astrocyte differentiation.
    GO:0060045    positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cardiac muscle cell proliferation.
    GO:0030335    positive regulation of cell migration    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0008284    positive regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0045603    positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of endothelial cell differentiation.
    GO:1901189    positive regulation of ephrin receptor signaling pathway    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of ephrin receptor signaling pathway.
    GO:0050679    positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0010718    positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition    Any process that increases the rate, frequency, or extent of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is where an epithelial cell loses apical/basolateral polarity, severs intercellular adhesive junctions, degrades basement membrane components and becomes a migratory mesenchymal cell.
    GO:0045687    positive regulation of glial cell differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of glia cell differentiation.
    GO:0045618    positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of keratinocyte differentiation.
    GO:0002052    positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation    Any process that activates or increases the rate of neuroblast proliferation.
    GO:0045944    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0061419    positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia    Any process that increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of a hypoxia stimulus.
    GO:0007221    positive regulation of transcription of Notch receptor target    The activation of transcription of specific genes as a result of Notch signaling, mediated by the Notch intracellular domain.
    GO:0045893    positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0045070    positive regulation of viral genome replication    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral genome replication.
    GO:0050434    positive regulation of viral transcription    Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of viral transcription.
    GO:0060740    prostate gland epithelium morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia of the prostate gland are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube.
    GO:0003184    pulmonary valve morphogenesis    The process in which the structure of the pulmonary valve is generated and organized.
    GO:0008593    regulation of Notch signaling pathway    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the Notch signaling pathway.
    GO:0045607    regulation of auditory receptor cell differentiation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of auditory hair cell differentiation.
    GO:0003264    regulation of cardioblast proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cardioblast proliferation. A cardioblast is a cardiac precursor cell. It is a cell that has been committed to a cardiac fate, but will undergo more cell division rather than terminally differentiating.
    GO:0061344    regulation of cell adhesion involved in heart morphogenesis    Any process that modulates the extent of cell adhesion contributing to the shaping of the heart.
    GO:0030334    regulation of cell migration    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
    GO:0042127    regulation of cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell proliferation.
    GO:0050793    regulation of developmental process    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult).
    GO:0050678    regulation of epithelial cell proliferation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of epithelial cell proliferation.
    GO:0060768    regulation of epithelial cell proliferation involved in prostate gland development    Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of epithelial cell proliferation that contributes to the progression of the prostate gland over time.
    GO:1901201    regulation of extracellular matrix assembly    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of extracellular matrix assembly.
    GO:0010468    regulation of gene expression    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA or circRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA or circRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form.
    GO:0050767    regulation of neurogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of neurogenesis, the origin and formation of neurons.
    GO:0014807    regulation of somitogenesis    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of somitogenesis.
    GO:0006357    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter.
    GO:0003256    regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter involved in myocardial precursor cell differentiation    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter that contributes to the differentiation of a myocardial precursor cell.
    GO:0006355    regulation of transcription, DNA-templated    Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription.
    GO:0031960    response to corticosteroid    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a corticosteroid hormone stimulus. A corticosteroid is a steroid hormone that is produced in the adrenal cortex. Corticosteroids are involved in a wide range of physiologic systems such as stress response, immune response and regulation of inflammation, carbohydrate metabolism, protein catabolism, blood electrolyte levels, and behavior. They include glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
    GO:0032496    response to lipopolysaccharide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a lipopolysaccharide stimulus; lipopolysaccharide is a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
    GO:0032495    response to muramyl dipeptide    Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a muramyl dipeptide stimulus. Muramyl dipeptide is derived from peptidoglycan.
    GO:0060528    secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell differentiation involved in prostate glandular acinus development    The process in which a relatively unspecialized epithelial cell acquires specialized features of a secretory columnal luminar epithelial cell of the prostate.
    GO:0035914    skeletal muscle cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized cell acquires specialized features of a skeletal muscle cell, a somatic cell located in skeletal muscle.
    GO:0048103    somatic stem cell division    The self-renewing division of a somatic stem cell, a stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
    GO:0007283    spermatogenesis    The process of formation of spermatozoa, including spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis.
    GO:0002040    sprouting angiogenesis    The extension of new blood vessels from existing capillaries into avascular tissues resulting from the proliferation of blood vessel endothelial cells.
    GO:0042246    tissue regeneration    The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues.
    GO:0006366    transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter    The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase II, originating at an RNA polymerase II promoter. Includes transcription of messenger RNA (mRNA) and certain small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
    GO:0006351    transcription, DNA-templated    The cellular synthesis of RNA on a template of DNA.
    GO:0035148    tube formation    Creation of the central hole of a tube in an anatomical structure through which gases and/or liquids flow.
    GO:0060979    vasculogenesis involved in coronary vascular morphogenesis    The differentiation of endothelial cells from progenitor cells that contributes to blood vessel development in the heart, and the de novo formation of blood vessels and tubes.
    GO:0048845    venous blood vessel morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of venous blood vessels are generated and organized. Veins are blood vessels that transport blood from the body and its organs to the heart.
    GO:0060843    venous endothelial cell differentiation    The process in which a relatively unspecialized endothelial cell acquires specialized features of a venous endothelial cell, a thin flattened cell that lines the inside surfaces of veins.
    GO:0060412    ventricular septum morphogenesis    The developmental process in which a ventricular septum is generated and organized. A ventricular septum is an anatomical structure that separates the lower chambers (ventricles) of the heart from one another.
    GO:0003222    ventricular trabecula myocardium morphogenesis    The process in which the anatomical structures of the trabecular cardiac ventricle muscle are generated and organized.
cellular component
    GO:0005794    Golgi apparatus    A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
    GO:0000139    Golgi membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
    GO:0002193    MAML1-RBP-Jkappa- ICN1 complex    A protein complex that consists of the intracellular domain of Notch1 (ICN1), the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jkappa, and the transcriptional coactivator Mastermind-like-1 (MAML1); the complex is involved in transcriptional activation in response to Notch-mediated signaling.
    GO:0001669    acrosomal vesicle    A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plasma membrane and is derived from the lysosome.
    GO:0005912    adherens junction    A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.
    GO:0016324    apical plasma membrane    The region of the plasma membrane located at the apical end of the cell.
    GO:0071944    cell periphery    The part of a cell encompassing the cell cortex, the plasma membrane, and any external encapsulating structures.
    GO:0009986    cell surface    The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
    GO:0005737    cytoplasm    All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
    GO:0031410    cytoplasmic vesicle    A vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
    GO:0005856    cytoskeleton    Any of the various filamentous elements that form the internal framework of cells, and typically remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, the microtrabecular lattice, and other structures characterized by a polymeric filamentous nature and long-range order within the cell. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
    GO:0005829    cytosol    The part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles but which does contain other particulate matter, such as protein complexes.
    GO:0005783    endoplasmic reticulum    The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
    GO:0005789    endoplasmic reticulum membrane    The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
    GO:0005576    extracellular region    The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
    GO:0016021    integral component of membrane    The component of a membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0005887    integral component of plasma membrane    The component of the plasma membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
    GO:0030027    lamellipodium    A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a migrating cell or extending cell process; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
    GO:0016020    membrane    A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
    GO:0005654    nucleoplasm    That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
    GO:0005634    nucleus    A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
    GO:0005886    plasma membrane    The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
    GO:0043235    receptor complex    Any protein complex that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
    GO:0001726    ruffle    Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.

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 Related Entries

(-) Entries Sharing at Least One Protein Chain (UniProt ID)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
        HIF1N_HUMAN | Q9NWT61h2k 1h2l 1h2m 1h2n 1iz3 1mze 1mzf 1yci 2cgn 2cgo 2ilm 2w0x 2wa3 2wa4 2xum 2y0i 2yc0 2yde 3d8c 3kcx 3kcy 3od4 3p3p 4ai8 4b7e 4b7k 4bio 4jaa 4nr1 4z1v 4z2w 5jwk 5jwl 5jwp
        NOTC1_MOUSE | Q017051ymp 2qc9 2rqz 2rr0 2rr2 3p3p 5ky0 5ky4 5ky8 5ky9

(-) Related Entries Specified in the PDB File

1h2k 1h2l 1h2m 2qc9 2zgd 3d8c 3p3p