3LDL - JenaLib

Asymmetric Unit (Jmol Viewer)

Asym. Unit - sites (Jmol Viewer)

Biological Unit 1 (Jmol Viewer)

Biol. Unit 1 - sites (Jmol Viewer)

Biological Unit 2 (Jmol Viewer)

Title :   CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN GRP78 (70KDA HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 5 / BIP) ATPASE DOMAIN IN COMPLEX WITH ATP

Authors :   P. Dokurno, A. E. Surgenor, T. Shaw, A. T. Macias, A. J. Massey, D. S. Will

Date :   13 Jan 10 (Deposition) - 26 Jan 11 (Release) - 29 Jun 11 (Revision)

Method :   X-RAY DIFFRACTION

Resolution :   2.30

Chains :   Asym. Unit : A,B
Biol. Unit 1: A  (1x)
Biol. Unit 2: B  (1x)

Keywords :   Grp78, Hsp70, Hsc70, Chaperone, Heat Shock, Protein Folding, Atp- Binding, Adenosine, Nucleoside, Nucleotide-Binding, Stress Response, Small Molecule Inhibitor, Selectivity, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Phosphoprotein (Keyword Search: [Gene Ontology, PubMed, Web (Google)] )

Reference :   A. T. Macias, D. S. Williamson, N. Allen, J. Borgognoni, A. Clay, Z. Daniels, P. Dokurno, M. J. Drysdale, G. L. Francis, C. J. Graham, R. Howes, N. Matassova, J. B. Murray, R. Parsons, T. Shaw, A. E. Surgenor, L. Terry, Y. Wang, M. Wood, A. J. Massey
Adenosine-Derived Inhibitors Of 78 Kda Glucose Regulated Protein (Grp78) Atpase: Insights Into Isoform Selectivity.
J. Med. Chem. V. 54 4034 2011
PubMed-ID: 21526763 | Reference-DOI: 10.1021/JM101625X

Molecule 1 - 78 KDA GLUCOSE-REGULATED PROTEIN
	Chains	:	A, B
	Engineered	:	YES
	Expression System	:	ESCHERICHIA COLI
	Expression System Plasmid	:	PGEX-4T-1
	Expression System Strain	:	BL21 (DE3)
	Expression System Taxid	:	562
	Expression System Vector Type	:	PLASMID
	Fragment	:	ATPASE DOMAIN (RESIDUES 26-407)
	Gene	:	HSPA5, GRP78
	Organism Common	:	HUMAN
	Organism Scientific	:	HOMO SAPIENS
	Organism Taxid	:	9606
	Synonym	:	GRP 78, HEAT SHOCK 70 KDA PROTEIN 5, IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN-BINDING PROTEIN, BIP, ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM LUMENAL CA(2+)- BINDING PROTEIN GRP78

		1	2
Asymmetric Unit	:	A	B
Biological Unit 1 (1x)	:	A
Biological Unit 2 (1x)	:		B

Summary Information (see also Sequences/Alignments below)

Asymmetric Unit (2, 3)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	ATP	2	Ligand/Ion	ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
2	MG	1	Ligand/Ion	MAGNESIUM ION

Biological Unit 1 (1, 1)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	ATP	1	Ligand/Ion	ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
2	MG	-1	Ligand/Ion	MAGNESIUM ION

Biological Unit 2 (1, 1)

No.	Name	Count	Type	Full Name
1	ATP	1	Ligand/Ion	ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE
2	MG	-1	Ligand/Ion	MAGNESIUM ION

Asymmetric Unit (3, 3)

No.	Name	Evidence	Residues	Description
1	AC1	SOFTWARE	GLY A:36 , THR A:37 , THR A:38 , TYR A:39 , GLY A:226 , GLY A:227 , GLY A:228 , THR A:229 , GLY A:255 , GLU A:293 , LYS A:296 , ARG A:297 , SER A:300 , GLY A:363 , GLY A:364 , SER A:365 , ARG A:367 , ASP A:391 , HOH A:443 , HOH A:448 , HOH A:470 , HOH A:491 , HOH A:590 , HOH A:594	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ATP A 408
2	AC2	SOFTWARE	MG B:1 , GLY B:36 , THR B:37 , THR B:38 , TYR B:39 , GLY B:226 , GLY B:227 , GLY B:228 , THR B:229 , GLY B:255 , GLU B:293 , LYS B:296 , ARG B:297 , SER B:300 , GLY B:363 , GLY B:364 , SER B:365 , ARG B:367 , ILE B:368 , ASP B:391 , HOH B:428 , HOH B:438 , HOH B:482 , HOH B:495 , HOH B:554 , HOH B:558 , HOH B:565 , HOH B:582 , HOH B:612 , HOH B:623	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE ATP B 501
3	AC3	SOFTWARE	HOH B:409 , HOH B:428 , HOH B:447 , ATP B:501 , HOH B:607	BINDING SITE FOR RESIDUE MG B 1

(no "SS Bond" information available for 3LDL)

(no "Cis Peptide Bond" information available for 3LDL)

(no "SAP(SNP)/Variant" information available for 3LDL)

Asymmetric Unit (3, 6)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	HSP70_1	PS00297	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 1.	GRP78_HUMAN	33-40	2	A:33-40 B:33-40
2	HSP70_2	PS00329	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 2.	GRP78_HUMAN	222-235	2	A:222-235 B:222-235
3	HSP70_3	PS01036	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 3.	GRP78_HUMAN	359-373	2	A:359-373 B:359-373

Biological Unit 1 (3, 3)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	HSP70_1	PS00297	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 1.	GRP78_HUMAN	33-40	1	A:33-40 -
2	HSP70_2	PS00329	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 2.	GRP78_HUMAN	222-235	1	A:222-235 -
3	HSP70_3	PS01036	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 3.	GRP78_HUMAN	359-373	1	A:359-373 -

Biological Unit 2 (3, 3)

	PROSITE			UniProtKB		PDB
No.	ID	AC	Description	ID	Location	Count	Location
1	HSP70_1	PS00297	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 1.	GRP78_HUMAN	33-40	1	- B:33-40
2	HSP70_2	PS00329	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 2.	GRP78_HUMAN	222-235	1	- B:222-235
3	HSP70_3	PS01036	Heat shock hsp70 proteins family signature 3.	GRP78_HUMAN	359-373	1	- B:359-373

(no "Exon" information available for 3LDL)

Asymmetric Unit

Reformat:	Number of residues per line = ('0' or empty: single-line sequence representation)
	Number of residues per labelling interval =
	UniProt sequence: complete aligned part

Show mapping:	SCOP domains	CATH domains	Pfam domains	Secondary structure (by author)
	SAPs(SNPs)	PROSITE motifs	Exons
	(details for a mapped element are shown in a popup box when the mouse pointer rests over it)

Chain A from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:381
 aligned with GRP78_HUMAN | P11021 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:654

    Alignment length:381
                                    35        45        55        65        75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       195       205       215       225       235       245       255       265       275       285       295       305       315       325       335       345       355       365       375       385       395       405 
          GRP78_HUMAN    26 DVGTVVGIDLGTTYSCVGVFKNGRVEIIANDQGNRITPSYVAFTPEGERLIGDAAKNQLTSNPENTVFDAKRLIGRTWNDPSVQQDIKFLPFKVVEKKTKPYIQVDIGGGQTKTFAPEEISAMVLTKMKETAEAYLGKKVTHAVVTVPAYFNDAQRQATKDAGTIAGLNVMRIINEPTAAAIAYGLDKREGEKNILVFDLGGGTFDVSLLTIDNGVFEVVATNGDTHLGGEDFDQRVMEHFIKLYKKKTGKDVRKDNRAVQKLRREVEKAKRALSSQHQARIEIESFYEGEDFSETLTRAKFEELNMDLFRSTMKPVQKVLEDSDLKKSDIDEIVLVGGSTRIPKIQQLVKEFFNGKEPSRGINPDEAVAYGAAVQAGVLS 406
               SCOP domains d3ldla1 A:26-214 automated matches                                                                                                                                                           d3ldla2 A:215-406 automated matches                                                                                                                                                              SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
               Pfam domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pfam domains
         Sec.struct. author .....eeee....eeeeeeee..eeee.........ee..eee.....eeehhhhhhh...hhh.ee.hhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhh....eeeee..eeeeeee.....eeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeehhhhhhhhh.......eeeeeeeee....eeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..hhhhh.eeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhhh. Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------HSP70_1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HSP70_2       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HSP70_3        --------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3ldl A  26 DVGTVVGIDLGTTYSCVGVFKNGRVEIIANDQGNRITPSYVAFTPEGERLIGDAAKNQLTSNPENTVFDAKRLIGRTWNDPSVQQDIKFLPFKVVEKKTKPYIQVDIGGGQTKTFAPEEISAMVLTKMKETAEAYLGKKVTHAVVTVPAYFNDAQRQATKDAGTIAGLNVMRIINEPTAAAIAYGLDKREGEKNILVFDLGGGTFDVSLLTIDNGVFEVVATNGDTHLGGEDFDQRVMEHFIKLYKKKTGKDVRKDNRAVQKLRREVEKAKRALSSQHQARIEIESFYEGEDFSETLTRAKFEELNMDLFRSTMKPVQKVLEDSDLKKSDIDEIVLVGGSTRIPKIQQLVKEFFNGKEPSRGINPDEAVAYGAAVQAGVLS 406
                                    35        45        55        65        75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       195       205       215       225       235       245       255       265       275       285       295       305       315       325       335       345       355       365       375       385       395       405

Chain B from PDB  Type:PROTEIN  Length:381
 aligned with GRP78_HUMAN | P11021 from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot  Length:654

    Alignment length:381
                                    35        45        55        65        75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       195       205       215       225       235       245       255       265       275       285       295       305       315       325       335       345       355       365       375       385       395       405 
          GRP78_HUMAN    26 DVGTVVGIDLGTTYSCVGVFKNGRVEIIANDQGNRITPSYVAFTPEGERLIGDAAKNQLTSNPENTVFDAKRLIGRTWNDPSVQQDIKFLPFKVVEKKTKPYIQVDIGGGQTKTFAPEEISAMVLTKMKETAEAYLGKKVTHAVVTVPAYFNDAQRQATKDAGTIAGLNVMRIINEPTAAAIAYGLDKREGEKNILVFDLGGGTFDVSLLTIDNGVFEVVATNGDTHLGGEDFDQRVMEHFIKLYKKKTGKDVRKDNRAVQKLRREVEKAKRALSSQHQARIEIESFYEGEDFSETLTRAKFEELNMDLFRSTMKPVQKVLEDSDLKKSDIDEIVLVGGSTRIPKIQQLVKEFFNGKEPSRGINPDEAVAYGAAVQAGVLS 406
               SCOP domains d3ldlb1 B:26-214 automated matches                                                                                                                                                           d3ldlb2 B:215-406 automated matches                                                                                                                                                              SCOP domains
               CATH domains --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CATH domains
           Pfam domains (1) ----HSP70-3ldlB01 B:30-406                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pfam domains (1)
           Pfam domains (2) ----HSP70-3ldlB02 B:30-406                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pfam domains (2)
         Sec.struct. author .....eeee....eeeeeeee..eeee.........ee..eee.....eeehhhhhhh...hhh.ee.hhhhh......hhhhhhhhhhh..eeeee..eeeeeeeee..eeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeee....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhh..eeeeeeeee....eeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeeee...hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.....hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh....eeeeeeeeee..eeeeeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhhhh...hhhhh.eeeeehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh............hhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Sec.struct. author
                 SAPs(SNPs) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SAPs(SNPs)
                    PROSITE -------HSP70_1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HSP70_2       ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------HSP70_3        --------------------------------- PROSITE
                 Transcript --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transcript
                 3ldl B  26 DVGTVVGIDLGTTYSCVGVFKNGRVEIIANDQGNRITPSYVAFTPEGERLIGDAAKNQLTSNPENTVFDAKRLIGRTWNDPSVQQDIKFLPFKVVEKKTKPYIQVDIGGGQTKTFAPEEISAMVLTKMKETAEAYLGKKVTHAVVTVPAYFNDAQRQATKDAGTIAGLNVMRIINEPTAAAIAYGLDKREGEKNILVFDLGGGTFDVSLLTIDNGVFEVVATNGDTHLGGEDFDQRVMEHFIKLYKKKTGKDVRKDNRAVQKLRREVEKAKRALSSQHQARIEIESFYEGEDFSETLTRAKFEELNMDLFRSTMKPVQKVLEDSDLKKSDIDEIVLVGGSTRIPKIQQLVKEFFNGKEPSRGINPDEAVAYGAAVQAGVLS 406
                                    35        45        55        65        75        85        95       105       115       125       135       145       155       165       175       185       195       205       215       225       235       245       255       265       275       285       295       305       315       325       335       345       355       365       375       385       395       405

Legend:		→ Mismatch	(orange background)
	-	→ Gap	(green background, '-', border residues have a numbering label)
		→ Modified Residue	(blue background, lower-case, 'x' indicates undefined single-letter code, labelled with number + name)
	x	→ Chemical Group	(purple background, 'x', labelled with number + name, e.g. ACE or NH2)
	extra numbering lines below/above indicate numbering irregularities and modified residue names etc., number ends below/above '\|'

Asymmetric Unit

Classes(

)

Folds(

)

Superfamilies( (-)

)

Families(

)

Protein Domains( (-)

)

Organisms( (-)

)

Class: Alpha and beta proteins (a/b) (23833)

Fold: Ribonuclease H-like motif (1424)

Superfamily: Actin-like ATPase domain (426)

Family: automated matches (111)

Protein domain: automated matches (111)

Human (Homo sapiens) [TaxId: 9606] (38)

1a	d3ldla1	A:26-214
1b	d3ldla2	A:215-406
1c	d3ldlb1	B:26-214
1d	d3ldlb2	B:215-406

(no "CATH Domain" information available for 3LDL)

Asymmetric Unit

Clans(

)

Families(

)

Organisms( (-)

)

Clan: Actin_ATPase (173)

Family: HSP70 (41)

Homo sapiens (Human) (7)

1a	HSP70-3ldlB01	B:30-406
1b	HSP70-3ldlB02	B:30-406

Asymmetric Unit(hide GO term definitions)

Chain A,B (GRP78_HUMAN | P11021)

molecular function
	GO:0005524	ATP binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with ATP, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, a universally important coenzyme and enzyme regulator.
	GO:0016887	ATPase activity	Catalysis of the reaction: ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + 2 H+. May or may not be coupled to another reaction.
	GO:0005509	calcium ion binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with calcium ions (Ca2+).
	GO:0051087	chaperone binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a chaperone protein, a class of proteins that bind to nascent or unfolded polypeptides and ensure correct folding or transport.
	GO:0019899	enzyme binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any enzyme.
	GO:0051787	misfolded protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a misfolded protein.
	GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a nucleotide, any compound consisting of a nucleoside that is esterified with (ortho)phosphate or an oligophosphate at any hydroxyl group on the ribose or deoxyribose.
	GO:0005515	protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any protein or protein complex (a complex of two or more proteins that may include other nonprotein molecules).
	GO:0019904	protein domain specific binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a specific domain of a protein.
	GO:0043022	ribosome binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with any part of a ribosome.
	GO:0031625	ubiquitin protein ligase binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with a ubiquitin protein ligase enzyme, any of the E3 proteins.
	GO:0051082	unfolded protein binding	Interacting selectively and non-covalently with an unfolded protein.
biological process
	GO:0036500	ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response	A series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6). Begins with activation of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. Under conditions of endoplasmic reticulum stress, ATF6 translocates to the Golgi where it is processed by proteases to release a cytoplasmic domain (ATF6f), which operates as a transcriptional activator of many genes required to restore folding capacity.
	GO:0006983	ER overload response	The series of molecular signals generated by the accumulation of normal or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and leading to activation of transcription by NF-kappaB.
	GO:0036498	IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	A series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1 (Inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease). Begins with activation of IRE1 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. One target of activated IRE1 is the transcription factor HAC1 in yeast, or XBP1 in mammals; IRE1 cleaves an intron of a mRNA coding for HAC1/XBP1 to generate an activated HAC1/XBP1 transcription factor, which controls the up regulation of UPR-related genes. At least in mammals, IRE1 can also signal through additional intracellular pathways including JNK and NF-kappaB.
	GO:0036499	PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	A series of molecular signals mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane stress sensor PERK (PKR-like ER kinase). Begins with activation of PERK in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. transcription. The main substrate of PERK is the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Serine-phosphorylation of eIF2alpha by PERK inactivates eIF2alpha and inhibits general protein translation. In addition, eIF2alpha phosphorylation preferentially increases the translation of selective mRNAs such as ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which up regulates a subset of UPR genes required to restore folding capacity.
	GO:0006987	activation of signaling protein activity involved in unfolded protein response	The conversion of a specific protein, possessing protein kinase and endoribonuclease activities, to an active form as a result of signaling via the unfolded protein response.
	GO:0071236	cellular response to antibiotic	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an antibiotic stimulus. An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by a microorganism which has the capacity to inhibit the growth of or to kill other microorganisms.
	GO:0042149	cellular response to glucose starvation	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of deprivation of glucose.
	GO:0071353	cellular response to interleukin-4	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an interleukin-4 stimulus.
	GO:0071287	cellular response to manganese ion	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a manganese ion stimulus.
	GO:0021680	cerebellar Purkinje cell layer development	The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the cerebellar Purkinje cell layer over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The Purkinje cell layer lies just underneath the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains the neuronal cell bodies of the Purkinje cells that are arranged side by side in a single layer. Candelabrum interneurons are vertically oriented between the Purkinje cells. Purkinje neurons are inhibitory and provide the output of the cerebellar cortex through axons that project into the white matter. Extensive dendritic trees from the Purkinje cells extend upward in a single plane into the molecular layer where they synapse with parallel fibers of granule cells.
	GO:0021589	cerebellum structural organization	The process that contributes to the act of creating the structural organization of the cerebellum. This process pertains to the physical shaping of a rudimentary structure. The cerebellum is the portion of the brain in the back of the head between the cerebrum and the pons. The cerebellum controls balance for walking and standing, modulates the force and range of movement and is involved in the learning of motor skills.
	GO:0030968	endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	The series of molecular signals generated as a consequence of the presence of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or other ER-related stress; results in changes in the regulation of transcription and translation.
	GO:0035437	maintenance of protein localization in endoplasmic reticulum	Any process in which a protein is maintained in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevented from moving elsewhere. These include sequestration within the endoplasmic reticulum, protein stabilization to prevent transport elsewhere and the active retrieval of proteins that escape the endoplasmic reticulum.
	GO:0043066	negative regulation of apoptotic process	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of cell death by apoptotic process.
	GO:0090074	negative regulation of protein homodimerization activity	Any process that decreases the frequency, rate or extent of protein homodimerization, interacting selectively with an identical protein to form a homodimer.
	GO:0030512	negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of any TGF-beta receptor signaling pathway.
	GO:0030335	positive regulation of cell migration	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration.
	GO:0031398	positive regulation of protein ubiquitination	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the addition of ubiquitin groups to a protein.
	GO:1990440	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter as a result of an endoplasmic reticulum stress.
	GO:0034975	protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum	A protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).
	GO:0051603	proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process	The hydrolysis of a peptide bond or bonds within a protein as part of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by individual cells.
	GO:1903891	regulation of ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the ATF6-mediated unfolded protein response.
	GO:1903894	regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response.
	GO:1903897	regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the PERK-mediated unfolded protein response.
	GO:0060904	regulation of protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum	Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the protein folding process that takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Secreted, plasma membrane and organelle proteins are folded in the ER, assisted by chaperones and foldases (protein disulphide isomerases), and additional factors required for optimal folding (ATP, Ca2+ and an oxidizing environment to allow disulfide bond formation).
	GO:0034976	response to endoplasmic reticulum stress	Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stress acting at the endoplasmic reticulum. ER stress usually results from the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen.
	GO:0021762	substantia nigra development	The progression of the substantia nigra over time from its initial formation until its mature state. The substantia nigra is the layer of gray substance that separates the posterior parts of the cerebral peduncles (tegmentum mesencephali) from the anterior parts; it normally includes a posterior compact part with many pigmented cells (pars compacta) and an anterior reticular part whose cells contain little pigment (pars reticularis).
	GO:1901998	toxin transport	The directed movement of a toxin into, out of or within a cell, or between cells, by means of some agent such as a transporter or pore.
	GO:0030433	ubiquitin-dependent ERAD pathway	The series of steps necessary to target endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident proteins for degradation by the cytoplasmic proteasome. Begins with recognition of the ER-resident protein, includes retrotranslocation (dislocation) of the protein from the ER to the cytosol, protein ubiquitination necessary for correct substrate transfer, transport of the protein to the proteasome, and ends with degradation of the protein by the cytoplasmic proteasome.
cellular component
	GO:0008180	COP9 signalosome	A protein complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.
	GO:0009986	cell surface	The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane.
	GO:0005737	cytoplasm	All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
	GO:0005783	endoplasmic reticulum	The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
	GO:0034663	endoplasmic reticulum chaperone complex	A protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum and is composed of chaperone proteins, including BiP, GRP94; CaBP1, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), ERdj3, cyclophilin B, ERp72, GRP170, UDP-glucosyltransferase, and SDF2-L1.
	GO:0005788	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
	GO:0005789	endoplasmic reticulum membrane	The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
	GO:0005793	endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment	A complex system of membrane-bounded compartments located between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex, with a distinctive membrane protein composition; involved in ER-to-Golgi and Golgi-to-ER transport.
	GO:0070062	extracellular exosome	A vesicle that is released into the extracellular region by fusion of the limiting endosomal membrane of a multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. Extracellular exosomes, also simply called exosomes, have a diameter of about 40-100 nm.
	GO:0005925	focal adhesion	Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that forms a point of termination of actin filaments.
	GO:0030176	integral component of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	The component of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane consisting of the gene products and protein complexes having at least some part of their peptide sequence embedded in the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
	GO:0042470	melanosome	A tissue-specific, membrane-bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.
	GO:0016020	membrane	A lipid bilayer along with all the proteins and protein complexes embedded in it an attached to it.
	GO:0030496	midbody	A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
	GO:0005739	mitochondrion	A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
	GO:0043209	myelin sheath	An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
	GO:0005634	nucleus	A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
	GO:0005886	plasma membrane	The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
	GO:0005790	smooth endoplasmic reticulum	The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER or SER) has no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth ER is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.

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